The document provides a timeline of key events in the history of the internet from 1950 to 2004. It describes early research into time sharing and packet switching in the 1950s and 1960s. The first nodes of the ARPANET were connected in 1969, laying the foundation for further network development. Standards like TCP and DNS were developed in the 1970s and 1980s. Commercial internet services emerged in the late 1980s and 1990s, and by the mid-1990s home internet use began to grow rapidly. Major events included the introduction of the World Wide Web in 1991 and the transition of the NSFNET backbone to commercial providers in 1995.
Although the slides are from 1999, Mike O'Connor presented it to the Minnesota Broadband Task Force on Cot 24, 2008. Fun to see what remains salient. Also, great explanation of the layers of technology involved in providing Internet access.
This lesson provides basic knowledge in website design and development. It will help you to understand the internet and the web as two different but inseparable components of website.
Short presentation made at attempting to demonstrate the fast growth of the Internet.
Includes pictures of early ArpaNet diagrams, reproduced without permission but found openly on the Internet.
Most of the other material (host files as well as screen captures of early browser activity) is mine.
Although the slides are from 1999, Mike O'Connor presented it to the Minnesota Broadband Task Force on Cot 24, 2008. Fun to see what remains salient. Also, great explanation of the layers of technology involved in providing Internet access.
This lesson provides basic knowledge in website design and development. It will help you to understand the internet and the web as two different but inseparable components of website.
Short presentation made at attempting to demonstrate the fast growth of the Internet.
Includes pictures of early ArpaNet diagrams, reproduced without permission but found openly on the Internet.
Most of the other material (host files as well as screen captures of early browser activity) is mine.
The Internet is the global system of interconnected computer networks that uses the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to communicate between networks and devices.
The Origin and Evolution of the Internet and the www.Anvith KS
What is the Internet? (Origin, Important Milestones, Then and Now of Internet )
What is the WWW? (Origin , Differentiate Internet and Web, Important Milestones, Evolution of the Web: 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, Then and Now of the Web )
Convergence (Emergence of the smartphone, iPhone and then Android, Moving from the Web to the Smartphone (Android), Android Origin , Android Evolution, Android, Current Status)
Lesson 10_ History of computer networks and the Internet.pdfraufkhalid104
The telephone network uses circuit switching to transmit information from sender to receiver – voice is transmitted at a constant speed between sender and receiver. In the early 1960s, because of the increasing importance of computers (while the cost of a computer was huge) and the advent of multitasking computers, people began to consider the problem of how to to connect computers together for sharing between users in different geographical areas.
The Internet is the global system of interconnected computer networks that uses the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) to communicate between networks and devices.
The Origin and Evolution of the Internet and the www.Anvith KS
What is the Internet? (Origin, Important Milestones, Then and Now of Internet )
What is the WWW? (Origin , Differentiate Internet and Web, Important Milestones, Evolution of the Web: 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, Then and Now of the Web )
Convergence (Emergence of the smartphone, iPhone and then Android, Moving from the Web to the Smartphone (Android), Android Origin , Android Evolution, Android, Current Status)
Lesson 10_ History of computer networks and the Internet.pdfraufkhalid104
The telephone network uses circuit switching to transmit information from sender to receiver – voice is transmitted at a constant speed between sender and receiver. In the early 1960s, because of the increasing importance of computers (while the cost of a computer was huge) and the advent of multitasking computers, people began to consider the problem of how to to connect computers together for sharing between users in different geographical areas.
Learn how the history of the Web relates to your online marketing success. The presentation covers the history of the Internet from the launch of Sputnik up to 2013.
For speaking engagements please contact me via: http://vimi.co/contact/
The Growth of eBusiness - Lecture 1 VDIS10026 Managing Design and eBusiness ...Virtu Institute
The Growth of eBusiness is the first lecture in the Virtu Design Institute subject VDIS10026 Managing Design and eBusiness. The lecture traces the development of the Internet and eCommerce.
CART 211 Section A
Fall 2010
Freida Abtan
Class 1: The History of the Internet
Much of this presentation was culled from Wikipedia and from a few relevant websites including:
http://sixrevisions.com/resources/the-history-of-the-internet-in-a-nutshell/
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
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1. Timeline on the history of the internet
1950 – Licklider left Psycho-Acoustic Laboratory at Harvard
University to go to MIT after becoming interested in IT.
1957 – Licklider got the first production PDP-1 computer and
conducted the first public demonstration of time sharing.
1958 - The internet began in February
1969 – The first two nodes of what would become the ARPANET
(Advanced Research Projects Agency Network) were interconnected
between UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles) and SRI
(Stanford Research Institute).
1973 - Vinton Cerf and Robert Kahn developed the first description of
the TCP (transmission control protocol) protocols.
1974 – A paper was published about the TCP protocols in May.
1976 – The X.25 packet (X.25 is an ITU-T standard network layer
protocol for packet switched wide area network (WAN) communication.
All info in this bracket area is from - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X.25 )
switching standard was developed in the CCITT (now called ITU-T
Telecommunication Standardization Sector)
1978 - The British Post Office, Telenet, DATAPAC and TRANSPAC
collaborated to create the first international packet-switched network
service.
1980
• ARPANET grinds to a complete halt on 27 October because
of status-message virus
1981
• BITNET, the quot;Because It's Time NETworkquot;
1982
• Norway leaves network to become an Internet connection via
TCP/IP over SATNET;
• original connections between the Netherlands, Denmark,
Sweden, and UK
2. Exterior Gateway Protocol (RFC 827) specification. EGP is used
for gateways between networks.
1983
• Name server developed at Univ of Wisconsin, no longer
requiring users to know the exact path to other systems
1984
• Domain Name System (DNS) introduced
1985
• Whole Earth 'Lectronic Link (WELL) started
Information Sciences Institute (ISI) at USC is given responsibility
for DNS root management by DCA, and SRI for DNS NIC
registrations
NSFNET created (backbone speed of 56Kbps)
1987
• Email link established between Germany and China using
CSNET protocols, with the first message from China sent on
20 September. (:wz1:)
1988
• 2 November - Internet worm burrows through the Net,
affecting ~6,000 of the 60,000 hosts on the Internet (:ph1:)
1989
• Number of hosts breaks 100,000
RIPE (Reseaux IP Europeens) formed (by European service
providers) to ensure the necessary administrative and technical
coordination to allow the operation of the pan-European IP
Network. (:glg:)
1990
• ARPANET ceases to exist
Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) is founded by Mitch Kapor
1991
• First connection takes place between Brazil, by Fapesp, and
the Internet at 9600 baud.
World-Wide Web (WWW) released by CERN; Tim Berners-Lee
developer (:pb1:). First Web server is nxoc01.cern.ch, launched in
Nov 1990 and later renamed info.cern.ch.
1992
• Internet Society (ISOC) is chartered (January)
IAB reconstituted as the Internet Architecture Board and becomes
part of the Internet Society
Number of hosts breaks 1,000,000
3. 1993
InterNIC created by NSF to provide specific Internet services:
(:sc1:)
• directory and database services (AT&T)
• registration services (Network Solutions Inc.)
• information services (General Atomics/CERFnet)
US White House comes on-line (http://www.whitehouse.gov/):
• President Bill Clinton: president@whitehouse.gov
• Vice-President Al Gore: vice-president@whitehouse.gov
1994
• ARPANET/Internet celebrates 25th anniversary
1995
• NSFNET reverts back to a research network
1996
Internet phones catch the attention of US telecommunication
companies who ask the US Congress to ban the technology
(which has been around for years)
Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad, PLO Leader Yasser
Arafat, and Phillipine President Fidel Ramos meet for ten minutes
in an online interactive chat session on 17 January.
Restrictions on Internet use around the world:
• China: requires users and ISPs to register with the police
• Germany: cuts off access to some newsgroups carried on
CompuServe
• Saudi Arabia: confines Internet access to universities and
hospitals
• Singapore: requires political and religious content providers
to register with the state
• New Zealand: classifies computer disks as quot;publicationsquot; that
can be censored and seized
• source: Human Rights Watch
1997
• 2000th RFC: quot;Internet Official Protocol Standardsquot;
1998
• Network Solutions registers its 2 millionth domain on 4 May
Electronic postal stamps become a reality,
4. 1999
• Internet access becomes available to the Saudi Arabian
2000
• The US timekeeper (USNO) and a few other time services
around the world report the new year as 19100 on 1 Jan
A massive denial of service attack is launched against major web
sites, including Yahoo, Amazon, and eBay in early February
2001
• The first live distributed musical -- The Technophobe & The
Madman -- over Internet2 networks debuts on 20 Feb
2002
• US ISP Association (USISPA) is created from the former CIX
(11 Jan)
.name begins resolving (15 Jan)
2003
• Public Interest Registry (PIR) takes over as .org registry
operator on 1 Jan. Transition is completed on 27 Jan. By
giving up .org, VeriSign is able to retain control over .com
domains
The first official Swiss online election takes place in Anières (7
Jan)
The registration for domain ogrish.com is deleted (11 Jan) by the
German registrar Joker.com at the request of a German
prosecutor claiming objectionable content; the site however is
hosted in the United States and complies with US laws.
The SQL Slammer worm causes one of the largest and fastest
spreading DDoS attacks ever. Taking roughly 10 minutes to
spread worldwide, the worm took down 5 of the 13 DNS root
servers along with tens of thousands of other servers, and
impacted a multitude of systems ranging from (bank) ATM systems
to air traffic control to emergency (911) systems (25 Jan). This is
followed in August by the Sobig.F virus (19 Aug), the fastest
spreading virus ever, and the Blaster (MSBlast) worm (11 Aug),
another one of the most destructive worms ever
k.root-servers.net changes to using nsd vs. bind to increase
diversity of software in the root name server system (19 Feb)
.nl registrations open up to anyone, including individuals and
foreigners (29 Jan); .se also opens up its registration in April.
.af is redelegated on 8 Jan and becomes live once again on 12
Feb with UNDP technical assistance. First domains are moc.gov.af
and undp.org.af (15 Feb)
5. .pro sunrise registration begins 23 Apr under .cpa.pro, .law.pro,
.med.pro
Flash mobs, organized over the Net, start in New York and quickly
form in cities worlwide
Taxes make headlines as: larger US Internet retailers begin
collecting taxes on all purchases; some US states tax Internet
bandwidth; and the EU requires all Internet companies to collect
value added tax (VAT) on digital downloads starting 1 July
The French Ministry of Culture bans the use of the word quot;e-mailquot;
by government ministries, and adopts the use of the more French
sounding quot;courrielquot; (Jul)
KRNIC begins offering Hangeul.kr domains (19 Aug)
.kids.us sunrise registration begins 17 June and public registration
on 9 Sep
The Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) sues 261
individuals on 8 Sep for allegedly distributing copyright music files
over peer-to-peer networks
VeriSign deploys a wildcard service (Site Finder) into the .com and
.net TLDs causing much confusion as URLs with invalid domains
are redirected to a VeriSign page (15 Sep). ICANN orders VeriSign
to stop the service, which they comply with on 4 Oct
Last Abilene segment upgraded to 10Gbps (5 Nov)
National LambdaRail announced as a new US R&D networking
infrastructure (16 Sep). The first connection takes place between
Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center (PSC) and Extensible
Terascale Facility (ETF) in Chicago (18 Nov)
Little GLORIAD (Global Ring Network for Advanced Application
Development) starts operations (22 Dec), consisting of a
networked ring across the northern hemisphere with connections
in Chicago, Amsterdam, Moscow, Novosibirsk, Zabajkal'sk,
Manzhouli, Beijing, and Hong Kong. This is the first-ever fiber
network connections across the Russia-China border
RFC 3514: The Security Flag in the IPv4 Header (The Evil Bit)
2004
For the first time, there are more instances of DNS root servers
outside the US with the launch of an anycast instance of the RIPE
NCC operated K-root server
Abiline, the Internet2 backbone, upgrade from 2.5Gbps to 10Gbps
is completed (4 Feb)
Network Solutions begins offering 100 year domain registration (24
Mar)
6. One of the .ly nameservers stops responding (7 Apr) causing the
other nameserver to go offline (9 Apr), making the domain
inaccessible. Service is restored 13 Apr
VeriSign Naming and Directory Service (VNDS) begins updating
all 13 .com/.net authoritative name servers in near real-time vs.
twice each day (8 Sep)
Lycos Europe releases a screen saver to help fight spam by
keeping spam servers busy with requests (1 Dec). The service is
discontinued within a few days after backbone providers block
access to the download site and the service causese some servers
to crash.
CERNET2, the first backbone IPv6 network in China, is launched
by the China Education and Research Network (CERN)
connecting 25 universities in 20 cities at speeds of 1-10Gbps (27
Dec)
