SOCIOLOGICAL THEORY -Read the following guide to the three cen.docxsamuel699872
SOCIOLOGICAL THEORY -
Read the following guide to the three central theories of sociology.
Choose
one
social issue or problem that you know something and attempt to apply
each theory
to the problem.
on what aspect of the problem would your theory focus (i.e. macro structure, micro relationships)?
according to this perspective, what might be considered causal factors?
what might be considered solutions?
SOCIOLOGICAL THEORIES -- A LAYPERSON'S GUIDE
Macro Perspectives
Structural Functionalism
Functionalists view society as a stable, well-organized system in which the parts function to maintain the whole. When disequilibrium occurs, there is a tendency for balance to be restored. In general, there is consensus regarding the basic values in a society. These folks are interested in how the various parts of the social system -- its major social institutions --function to contribute to the maintenance of social order. When all members of the group perform their roles correctly, based on societal norms, the group is said to be functioning well. The main reason for the existence of social problems is that societies are always changing and having to adapt to new conditions; failure to adapt successfully leads to social problems.
society is viewed as a smoothly functioning organism
parts work together to contribute to well-being of the whole
values are the "glue" which hold society together
dysfunctions are the result of dysfunctions within a mechanism (institution) which is a result of deviance from the "norms"
social change often triggers problems -- change in values
CENTRAL QUESTION: HOW DOES A PART CONTRIBUTE TO OVERALL STABILITY?
Conflict Theory
Conflict theorists, in contrast to the functionalists, believe that conflict, especially class conflict, is the process that shapes society. Society is in a constant process of change and is marked by conflicts due to inequalities of class, race, ethnicity, gender, age, and other major divisions. The origins of social problems may be found in the way societies organize access to wealth and power. There is a great disparity in the wealth of the powerful and the powerless. Because the resources that people value are always in short supply, there is a struggle for them. Those who gain control of scarce resources (i.e. money) have an interest in keeping them for themselves and will exploit the masses in order to gain more power over them. Those who lose out have an interest in wresting control from those in power. This conflict between the "haves” and the “have-nots" provides the fuel for history. The major figure associated with this school is Karl Marx.
conflict is normal in the functioning of society
focus on the unequal divisions in society
problems are natural outcome of struggle for scarce resources
powerful want to keep control and exploit the powerless in the process
CENTRAL QUESTION: WHO BENEFITS?
Micro Perspective
Symbolic Interactionist
The interactionist pers.
Chapter 4Social Structure and Process TheoriesSocialWilheminaRossi174
Chapter 4
Social Structure and Process Theories
Social Factors
All Social Delinquency theories are based on the belief that crime is caused by a person’s interaction with conflicts in society. What can cause conflict?
Poor relations with school, family and the government
Poor Community conditions
Exposure to Violence
Social Change (divorce, immigration, religion)
Poverty and perceived economic disparity
Racial Inequality
Two Classes
The concept of social conflict has been developed into two distinct theories of juvenile delinquency. They are:
Social Structure Theories
Delinquency is caused by a person’s place in the
economic structure of society.
Social Process Theories
Delinquency is caused by a person’s interaction with corrupt or
disturbed members of society
Social Structure
All Social Structure Theories are based on the concept that modern capitalist society is divided (stratified) based on economic levels
Crime is most likely to form in the underclasses of society, where a culture of poverty changes the civic values and ethics of children, from generation to generation.
As children are more formative and fragile, they are more prone to the negative effects of poverty.
Racial inequality also fuels the cycle of poverty, as certain classes in society have less opportunities.
The Three forms of Structure
1) Social Disorganization
Clifford Shaw and Henry McKay first developed the social disorganization theory. The premise of this theory is that the breakdown of the sense of community creates social unrest. The connection of a person to their community is the single greatest deterrent to criminal behavior.
People are less likely to participate in crime, if there is a social stigma or shame, to being identified as a criminal against the community.
Modern Disorganization
Shaw and McKay based their theories on the concept that as a city expanded, neighborhoods would break down, and the city as a whole would lose it’s sense of continuity.
As American society has become more mobile and transient, cities have radically changed. The modern Disorganization Theory is Social Ecological Theory.
Social Ecology
Social Ecology states that criminal behavior is directly linked to breakdowns in a community structure. These breakdowns come from:
Seeing physically abandoned buildings and decay
Poverty
Fear of crime or corrupt law enforcement
Siege Mentality
Loss of a community identity (race, religion, ethnicity)
Loss of social controls (family, peers, mentors, role models)
A Strain on us all
2) Strain Theory
Strain Theory holds that while most people have the same goals and desires out of life, the feeling of being locked out, or not having the opportunity to achieve those same goals, is the impetus for criminal behavior.
While some children will continue to seek to overcome their limitations, and others will simply accept their place in society, the delinquent portion of disaffected ...
SOCIOLOGICAL THEORY -Read the following guide to the three cen.docxsamuel699872
SOCIOLOGICAL THEORY -
Read the following guide to the three central theories of sociology.
Choose
one
social issue or problem that you know something and attempt to apply
each theory
to the problem.
on what aspect of the problem would your theory focus (i.e. macro structure, micro relationships)?
according to this perspective, what might be considered causal factors?
what might be considered solutions?
SOCIOLOGICAL THEORIES -- A LAYPERSON'S GUIDE
Macro Perspectives
Structural Functionalism
Functionalists view society as a stable, well-organized system in which the parts function to maintain the whole. When disequilibrium occurs, there is a tendency for balance to be restored. In general, there is consensus regarding the basic values in a society. These folks are interested in how the various parts of the social system -- its major social institutions --function to contribute to the maintenance of social order. When all members of the group perform their roles correctly, based on societal norms, the group is said to be functioning well. The main reason for the existence of social problems is that societies are always changing and having to adapt to new conditions; failure to adapt successfully leads to social problems.
society is viewed as a smoothly functioning organism
parts work together to contribute to well-being of the whole
values are the "glue" which hold society together
dysfunctions are the result of dysfunctions within a mechanism (institution) which is a result of deviance from the "norms"
social change often triggers problems -- change in values
CENTRAL QUESTION: HOW DOES A PART CONTRIBUTE TO OVERALL STABILITY?
Conflict Theory
Conflict theorists, in contrast to the functionalists, believe that conflict, especially class conflict, is the process that shapes society. Society is in a constant process of change and is marked by conflicts due to inequalities of class, race, ethnicity, gender, age, and other major divisions. The origins of social problems may be found in the way societies organize access to wealth and power. There is a great disparity in the wealth of the powerful and the powerless. Because the resources that people value are always in short supply, there is a struggle for them. Those who gain control of scarce resources (i.e. money) have an interest in keeping them for themselves and will exploit the masses in order to gain more power over them. Those who lose out have an interest in wresting control from those in power. This conflict between the "haves” and the “have-nots" provides the fuel for history. The major figure associated with this school is Karl Marx.
conflict is normal in the functioning of society
focus on the unequal divisions in society
problems are natural outcome of struggle for scarce resources
powerful want to keep control and exploit the powerless in the process
CENTRAL QUESTION: WHO BENEFITS?
Micro Perspective
Symbolic Interactionist
The interactionist pers.
Chapter 4Social Structure and Process TheoriesSocialWilheminaRossi174
Chapter 4
Social Structure and Process Theories
Social Factors
All Social Delinquency theories are based on the belief that crime is caused by a person’s interaction with conflicts in society. What can cause conflict?
Poor relations with school, family and the government
Poor Community conditions
Exposure to Violence
Social Change (divorce, immigration, religion)
Poverty and perceived economic disparity
Racial Inequality
Two Classes
The concept of social conflict has been developed into two distinct theories of juvenile delinquency. They are:
Social Structure Theories
Delinquency is caused by a person’s place in the
economic structure of society.
Social Process Theories
Delinquency is caused by a person’s interaction with corrupt or
disturbed members of society
Social Structure
All Social Structure Theories are based on the concept that modern capitalist society is divided (stratified) based on economic levels
Crime is most likely to form in the underclasses of society, where a culture of poverty changes the civic values and ethics of children, from generation to generation.
As children are more formative and fragile, they are more prone to the negative effects of poverty.
Racial inequality also fuels the cycle of poverty, as certain classes in society have less opportunities.
The Three forms of Structure
1) Social Disorganization
Clifford Shaw and Henry McKay first developed the social disorganization theory. The premise of this theory is that the breakdown of the sense of community creates social unrest. The connection of a person to their community is the single greatest deterrent to criminal behavior.
People are less likely to participate in crime, if there is a social stigma or shame, to being identified as a criminal against the community.
Modern Disorganization
Shaw and McKay based their theories on the concept that as a city expanded, neighborhoods would break down, and the city as a whole would lose it’s sense of continuity.
As American society has become more mobile and transient, cities have radically changed. The modern Disorganization Theory is Social Ecological Theory.
Social Ecology
Social Ecology states that criminal behavior is directly linked to breakdowns in a community structure. These breakdowns come from:
Seeing physically abandoned buildings and decay
Poverty
Fear of crime or corrupt law enforcement
Siege Mentality
Loss of a community identity (race, religion, ethnicity)
Loss of social controls (family, peers, mentors, role models)
A Strain on us all
2) Strain Theory
Strain Theory holds that while most people have the same goals and desires out of life, the feeling of being locked out, or not having the opportunity to achieve those same goals, is the impetus for criminal behavior.
While some children will continue to seek to overcome their limitations, and others will simply accept their place in society, the delinquent portion of disaffected ...
Choose one of the following questions1. Compare and contra.docxvernettacrofts
Choose one of the following questions:
1. Compare and contrast the functionalist view of social stratification and the conflict theory's view of social stratification. How does social stratification influence the daily interactions of individuals? How do systems of class, based on factors such as prestige, power, income, and wealth, influence your own daily routines, as well as your beliefs and attitudes? Illustrate your ideas with examples.
2. Describe the theories of global inequality addressed in the reading this week, examining the existence and persistence of inequality between countries and regions. Also address the strengths and weaknesses of these perspectives as analytical tools. What is the most accurate theory to address global inequality? Explain why you selected this perspective using specific examples.
The Week 4 Forum meets the following course objectives:
Apply a sociological perspective to the social world
Analyze contemporary social issues using the sociological imagination and use sociological theories and concepts to analyze everyday life.
Describe global stratification.
Explain social class in the United States.
Instructions for all Forums:
Each week, learners will post one initial post per week. This post must demonstrate comprehension of the course materials, the ability to apply that knowledge in the real world. Learners will engage with the instructor and peers throughout the learning week. To motivate engaged discussion, posts are expected to be on time with regular interaction throughout the week. All posts should demonstrate college level writing skills. To promote vibrant discussion as we would in a face to face classroom, formatted citations and references are not required. Quotes should not be used at all, or used sparingly. If you quote a source quotation marks should be used and an APA formatted citation and reference provided.
Dr. Avant 100 word response required:
Greetings, class. The introduction of Durkhiem's theory coincides with major changes in modernization throughout the world in the late 1800s and early 1900s. Individuals in a rural setting may have completely differing norms than the city societies they were introduced to in search of jobs. With this merger of societies, the interpretation of deviant behavior outside of social norms would have needed to be changed. What do you think are some examples of deviant behaviors that rural people moving to the city landscape would have displayed? ~ Dr. Avant
Troy 100 word response required:
"Social Inequality"
Compare and contrast the functionalist view of social stratification and the conflict theory's view of social stratification. How does social stratification influence the daily interactions of individuals? How do systems of class, based on factors such as prestige, power, income, and wealth, influence your own daily routines, as well as your beliefs and attitudes? Illustrate your ideas with examples.
Social Stratifi ...
SEQ CHAPTER h r 1Talcott Parsons (1902-1979)Parsons w.docxadkinspaige22
SEQ CHAPTER \h \r 1Talcott Parsons (1902-1979)
Parsons was a Professor of Sociology at Harvard University for most of his career.
He wrote 17 books and more than 200 articles
Throughout the 1950s and 1960s Parsons was a dominant figure in sociology.
A major point in his career was the publication in 1937 of The Structure of Social Action, which is a major treatment of four major thinkers – Alfred Marshall, Durkheim, Weber, and Pareto. Parsons argues that these men were converging toward what Parsons calls
TheVoluntarstic Theory of Action
Elements of Action:
1. We start with an actor.
2. There are the ends (or goals) toward which the actor strives.
3. Action takes place in situations. There must be means, resources which help the actor reach the goal and there are conditions, obstacles the actor must cope with. All this is regulated by norms.
DEFINITION OF ACTION:
(1) the behavior of a person oriented toward reaching ends or goals,
(2) action takes place in situations,
(3) behavior is regulated by norms,
(4) it involves energy or effort in motivation.
Actions are organized into different systems of action at various levels. Action is organized into four systems: the organism, personality systems, social systems, and cultural systems.
A. The Human Organism as a system. Motor activity, the nervous system, the biological bases of behavior
B. The Personality System. Needs, drives, attitudes, skills. The individual actor is the focus.
C. The Social System. The interaction of individuals. Basic unit in the Social System is roles, not actors. We are concerned with:
A. Role Expectation
B. Role Performance
C. Role Sanctions
D. Degree of Institutionalization of Roles
FOUR FUNCTIONS OF SOCIAL SYSTEMS:
A G I L
1. Adaptation – getting and distributing resources from the environment; how well the system adjusts to its envoronment
2. Goal Attainment – set and pursue goals and establish priorities
3. Integration – adjusting and coordinating parts of the system; cohesion and solidarity
4. Latent Pattern Maintenance – motivating actors to play roles and manage tensions
THE PATTERN VARIABLES
Issues that must be settled before any interaction can take place.
1. Ascription – Achievement
2. Specificity – Diffuseness
3. Affective – Affective Neutrality
4. Universalism – Particularism
5. Self – Collectivity
WHAT HOLDS SOCIAL SYSTEM TOGETHER:
1. Consensus on Values
2. Socialization
3. Social Control
D. CULTURAL SYSTEMS. Philosophical ideas, religion, habits, traditions, other parts of the culture.
SEQ CHAPTER \h \r 1Robert King Merton (1910-2003)
Born in Philadelphia to poor immigrant parents; name not Merton
Spent most of his career at Columbia University
In 1994 Merton won the National Medal of Science, the nation’s highest scientific honor
Wrote more than 20 books and articles
MAIN CONTRIBUTIONS:
1. No Grand Theory, it’s premature
2. Emphasize Middle Range Theory, he c.
Discussion Individual vs. Structural-Cultural TheoriesTheorwiddowsonerica
Discussion: Individual vs. Structural-Cultural Theories
Theories
help frame more than presenting problems—they also frame social problems, and both types of problems can be linked in relation to client issues. For example, many scholars and social workers have attempted to understand the social problem of poverty. Turner and Lehning (2007) classified various psychological theories to explain poverty under two headings: (1) individual-related theories or (2) structural/cultural-related theories. In other words, think of these two headings as lenses in viewing poverty. In this Discussion, you apply lenses through which to understand a client's problem in relation to social problems.
To prepare:
Read this article listed in the Learning Resources: Turner, K., & Lehning, A. J. (2007). Psychological
theories
of poverty.
Journal of Human Behavior in the Social Environment, 16
(1/2), 57–72. doi:10.1300/J137v16n01-05
Select a
theory
under the individual-related
theories
and a theory under the structural/cultural-related theories.
Complete the handout “Comparing Individual-Related and Structural/Cultural-Related
Theories
” to help you craft your response. (
Note:
You do
not
need to upload the handout to the Discussion forum. The handout is intended to assist you in writing your Discussion post.)
By Day 3
Post:
Describe how a social worker would conceptualize a presenting problem of poverty from the two
theories
you selected.
Explain how this conceptualization differs from an individual-related versus a structural/cultural-related theoretical lens.
Compare how the two theoretical lenses differ in terms of how the social worker would approach the client and the problem and how the social worker would intervene.
By Day 5
Respond
to at least two colleagues:
Evaluate one identified strength and one identified limitation your colleague may encounter when employing an individual-related
theory
and a structural/cultural-related theory to formulating interventions for poverty.
Assignment: Application of Systems Theory to a Case Study
In this course, you will be asked to select one case study and to use it throughout the entire course. By doing this, you will have the opportunity to see how
theories
guide your view of a client and the client’s presenting problem. Although the case may be the same, each time you use a different
theory
, your perspective of the problem changes, which then changes how you go about asking the assessment questions and how you intervene.
The first theoretical approach you will use to apply to a case study is systems
theory
. In other words, your theoretical orientation—your lens—will be systems theory as you analyze a social work case study.
Different
theories
can be used to take a systems approach. For example, Bertalanffy’s General Systems
Theory
considers how a
system
is made of smaller
subsystems
that
influence each other
and seek
homeostasis
, whereas Brofennerbrenner’s Eco ...
What is SociologyThe scientific study of human – social activ.docxalanfhall8953
What is Sociology?
The scientific study of human – social activity.
The systematic study of the relationship between the individual and society.
Study of society.
What is Sociology?
The scientific study of human – social activity.
Scientific/systematic
Humans
Social Activity
_____________________
Quantitative (numerical) & Qualitative – (field & naturalistic studies) research…
Scientific/systematic represents methods. There are 4 major methods in sociology:
Surveys
Experiments
Participant Observation or observation
Existing Resources or secondary analysis
What is Sociology?
Humans
Social Activity
Sociologists are interested in Humans: Groups and individuals (students, police officers, criminals, doctors, judges, nurses, etc).
Social Activity: What are people doing. How are they arranged? Who is the leader? Structure with the group?
Roles and Statuses
Role: Behaviors and expectations connected to social positions (what do students do? What do professors do? What do coaches do?).
Status: Social Positions that we occupy in relations to others (student and professor are statuses). Put simply: socially defined position.
Social Structure
Social structure guides our behavior.
Social structure is connected to order, organization and patterned relationships.
Structure gives shape to family life, college class rooms, court rooms, restaurants, etc.
Theory
Sociological Theory
A theory is a statement of why and how specific facts are related.
Theories help explain certain social phenomena, like crime, self esteem, isolation, suicide, homelessness, etc.
The job of theory is to explain.
Provide an explanation of some social phenomena under study…
Emile Durkheim: Theory of Social Integration
Durkheim’s classic theory of social integration as it relates to suicide.
Social bonding.
Theoretical Paradigms or
Sociological Perspective
Theoretical Paradigm: a set of fundamental assumptions about the operation of society.
Paradigms may also be viewed as an image of society --- a view of society.
The assumptions guide our:
Thinking &
Research
There are 3-major assumptions (paradigms) in sociology:
Structural Functional or Functionalist Perspective
Social Conflict or Conflict Perspective.
Symbolic Interaction or Interactionist Perspective.
Functionalist Perspective
Functionalist assume that society is a complex system, whose parts work together – to create stability for the whole of society.
Parts refer to institutions.
What is the function of:
Family
School
Religion
Functionalist Perspective
Functionalists are interested in balance & equilibrium.
Social Dysfunctions: social patterns that have undesirable consequences for the operation of society.
Another institution would develop to combat crime: the Criminal Justice System (CJS)
Family
Crime
(dysfunctional)
Politics
Social Conflict
Social Conflict assumes that society is a complex system; it is characterized by inequality and conf.
Curation is an essential skills in an age where access to data is ubiquitous. This is a presentation prepared for the Future of Education conference in Montreal, August 19-21, 2013 by @dabambic on yourlearningcurve.com.
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
How to Build a Module in Odoo 17 Using the Scaffold MethodCeline George
Odoo provides an option for creating a module by using a single line command. By using this command the user can make a whole structure of a module. It is very easy for a beginner to make a module. There is no need to make each file manually. This slide will show how to create a module using the scaffold method.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
2. Conflict Theory Understands social groups by examining the underlying conflict Sociologists want to understand the power struggles between the groups What causes it? Assumption #1: society is composed of a variety of groups in conflict with each other and each group seeks to impose its own standards/rights/power/norms etc Assumption #2: these norms/values are not shared
3. Consequences of conflict Because these norms/values are not shared, one group seeks to dominate the others and seeks to improve its standing at the expense of the other. What examples can you think of? If one group dominates, there will be peace and stability but this is imposed by force (or threat) to maintain this state.
4. Functionalist theory Society is a system of many different parts (groups) that function together to achieve equilibrium/harmony/stability/ Sometimes called the status quo Think of your body where all organs must work together for a maximal state of health When these systems (groups, institutions) work well, there is equilibrium When they don’t there is strain and disharmony
5. Consequences of strain When the parts (systems) of the society are under strain (sometimes because of change), the goals of that society (think values) are not internalized by the individual. Example: Canada, Quebec, Education Act, drop out rate, unemployment problems… Example: Low voter participation rates What are the values/goals that the ‘system’/society has that the individual is not internalizing?
6. Evolution Social systems evolve VERY SLOWLY and so change takes time Functionalist theory focuses more on order and status quo than on change Functionalist theory focuses on institutions that promote stability (education, churches, temples, government)
7. Agreement? Both agree that shared values between groups are essential for a society’s health CONFLICT: These values are forced FUNCTIONALIST: These values must be learned Example: families, parents, children = mini societies Youth crime: an example of resistance to values they perceive as ‘forced’ upon them Rejection of mainstream values by the powerless and the minorities
8. Explaining Crime Conflict theory Youth crime: an example of resistance to values they perceive as ‘forced’ upon them Rejection of mainstream values by the powerless and the minorities Functionalist theory Values are poorly learned, youth + dysfunctional homes, poverty, mental illness, inadequate schools all contribute to creating this problem
9. Causes of CrimeConflictFunctionalist Delinquency is a reaction of the life condition of a person’s social class People act in ways that suit their social position and power/powerlessness We are a product of our class What are the elements that make up someone’s class? Delinquency is a result of individuals/groups not internalizing the shared values/norms/rules of their society. Some absorb delinquent values.
10. ConflictFunctionalist Youth crime is concentrated in lower classes because the ruling class sees their behaviour as delinquent More likely to be arrested because the ruling class has the power to do this and controls the police Youth crime is concentrated in the poor because the institutions that are supposed to help are not effective and are dysfunctional (families, schools, peers, neighbourhoods) More likely to be arrested because they commit more crimes
11. ConflictFunctionalist Delinquency varies from society to society depending upon the political and economic structures of that society Socialist societies have less crime because they have less social/class conflict Delinquency is a constant feature in all societies Capitalist and socialist both have the same rates of delinquency
