This document discusses processes and threads in computing. It contains the following key points: 1. A process consists of an execution environment and one or more threads. A process is the unit of resource management and threads are schedulable activities attached to processes. 2. Using multiple threads within a server can improve performance by allowing concurrent processing of multiple client requests. For example, one thread could process a request while another waits for a disk access to complete. 3. Threads are lighter weight than processes and are cheaper to create and destroy. However, processes provide more isolation than threads which share the same memory space.

1. GYAN GANGA COLLAGE OFGYAN GANGA COLLAGE OF
TECHNOLOGYTECHNOLOGY
Bhoomika Thakur
Roll no:0208cs091024

2. 2
Processes & Threads
PROCESS :
 A process consists of an execution
environment together with one or more
threads.
 An execution environment is the unit of
resource management: a collection of local
kernel managed resources to which its
threads have access.

3. 3
Processes and Threads
Threads :
 Threads are schedulable activities
attached to processes.
 Threads can be helpful within servers:
 Concurrent processing of client’s
requests can reduce the tendency for
servers to become bottleneck.
 E.g. one thread can process a client’s request while a
second thread serving another request waits for a disk
access to complete.

4. 4
Client & Server With Threads
Server
N threads
Input-output
Client
Thread 2 makes
T1
Thread 1
requests to server
generates
results
Requests
Receipt &
queuing

5. 5
Processes and Threads
Processes vs. Threads
1. Processes are heavy
weighted & Threads are light
weighted.
2. Processes are expensive to
create but threads are easier to
create and destroy.

6. 6
 Thread programming is concurrent
programming.
 Java provides methods for creating,
destroying and synchronizing threads.
 The Java thread class includes the
management methods and object
synchronization methods .

7. Alive
Thread State Diagram
New Thread Dead Thread
Running
Runnable
new CounterThread1(max);
run() method returns
while (…) { … }
Blocked
Object.wait()
Thread.sleep()
blocking IO call
waiting on a monitor
cntThread.start();

8. 8
Java Thread Methods
1.setPriority(int newPriority) : Set return the thread’s
priority.
2. getPriority(): Return the thread’s priority.
3.run() : A thread executes the run() method .
4.start() : It starts the thread by calling run() method.
5.sleep(int millisecs) :Suspend a thread for a period of time.
6.yield() : Enter the READY state and invoke the scheduler.
7.destroy() : Destroy the thread.

9. 9
Java Thread Methods
8.thread.join(int millisecs): Blocks the calling thread for up
to the specified time until thread has terminated.
9.thread.interrupt(): Interrupts thread: causes it to return
from a blocking method call such as sleep().
10.object.wait(long millisecs, int nanosecs):
Blocks the calling thread until a call made to notify() or
notifyAll() on object wakes the thread, or the thread is
interrupted, or the specified time has elapsed.
11.object.notify(), object.notifyAll()
Wakes, respectively, one or all of any threads
that have called wait() on object.

10. 1.By creating thread class:
Class mythread extends Thread
{
}
2.By converting a class to thread:
Class myThread implements runnable
{
}

11. java.lang.Runnable
 An adapter which enables any given class to
operate as a thread.
 Requires one method be implemented:
 public void run()
 Most common method for adding threads
to an application.
 Prevents certain thread operations
(e.g. Thread.isAlive()).

12. java.lang.ThreadGroup
• When an exception is emitted by the
Thread.run method, the method
ThreadGroup.uncaughtException is called.
• Derive a class from ThreadGroup.
• Override the uncaughtException
method, relaying the thread and
exception information.

13.  Java provides multithreading.
 Threads are light weight ,they share the same
address space & share the same heavy wt. process.
 In java a main thread is created which controls the
other threads.

14.  wait() : This method tells
the calling thread to give up
the monitor & go to sleep
until some other threads
enter the same monitor &
calls notify().
 notify(): Wakes up the first
thread that called wait() on
the same object.
 notifyAll() :Wakes up all the
thread that called wait() on
the same object ,the highest
priority thread will run first.

15. Exception Handling
 When an exception is emitted out of the run() method,
the thread is terminated.
 The exception is consumed by the JVM because once
Thread.start() is called, the created thread is split from
the caller.

16. REFERENCES
&
WIKIPEDIA

17. QUERRIES

18. THANKYOU