The management of pediatric polytrauma -a simple reviewEmergency Live
This Clinical review, published by Libertas Academica, is an interesting commentary about the management of pediatric polytrauma.
This research was realized by
H. Mevius, M. van Dijk, A. Numanogluand A.B. van As between the MC-Sophia Childen's Hospital, Rotterdam, and the Red Cross War memorial Children's Hospital in Cape Town, South Africa.
H. Mevius1, M. van Dijk2–4, A. Numanoglu2,3 and A.B. van As2,3
1Medical Student, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. 2Department
of Paediatric Surgery, Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa. 3University of Cape Town, Cape Town,
South Africa. 4Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
1Medical Student, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. 2Department
of Paediatric Surgery, Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa. 3University of Cape Town, Cape Town,
South Africa. 4Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
ABSTRACT: Polytrauma is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in both developed and developing countries. The primary goal of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview on current knowledge in the management of pediatric polytrauma patients (PPPs). A database review was conducted based on a search in the Embase, Medline OVID-SP, Web of Science, Cochrane central, and Pubmed databases. Only studies with “paediatric population” and “polytrauma” as criteria were included. A total of 3310 citations were retrieved. Of these, 3271 were excluded after screening, based on title and abstract. The full texts of 39 articles were assessed; further selection left 25 articles to be included in this review. The most crucial point in the
management of PPPs is preparedness of the staff and an emergency room furnished with age-appropriate drugs and equipment combined with a systemic
approach.
KEY WORDS: pediatric population, polytrauma, multiple injuries, current management, review
Introduction
Polytrauma is a medical term that describes the condition of a patient subjected to multiple traumatic injuries and can be a life-threatening condition. These (life threatening) injuries typically affect two or more body regions and present a challenge for diagnosis and treatment.1,2 However, there is no consensus yet about the term polytrauma in both literature and practice.3
Polytrauma is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in both developed and developing countries. Despite its preventability, trauma remains the most common cause of death and disability in children.2 In fact, all over the world, more than 700,000 children under the age of 15 years die each year due to accidental injury.4 Leading causes of polytrauma are road traffic crashes, falls from heights, and
Running Head PICOT STATEMENT ON PRESSURE ULCERS1PICOT STA.docxgemaherd
Running Head: PICOT STATEMENT ON PRESSURE ULCERS
1
PICOT STATEMENT ON PRESSURE ULCERS
2
PICOT Question pressure ulcers
Student’s Name: Vladimir Andino
University Affiliation: GCU
PICOT Question
According to a report by CDC, approximately 3 million people develop pressure injuries each year. Pressure ulcers reduce the quality of quality of life. Each year a considerably large number of people are diagnosed with pressure injuries. Various ways can be used to prevent the progression of this phenomenon. This paper evaluates the most effective option that can be applied to prevent pressure injuries. It is framed based on the PICOT statement,
(P) patients with severe pressure injuries.
(I) is the surgical removal of ulcers.
(C) compared with the administration of antibiotics.
(O) more effective in treatment of pressure injuries.
(T) in the short-term medical plan.
Edlich, R., Winters, K. L., Woodard, C. R., Buschbacher, R. M., Long III, W. B., Gebhart, J. H., & Ma, E. K. (2004). Pressure ulcer prevention. Journal of long-term effects of medical implants, 14(4).
This study explicitly analyzes prevention as well as treatment actions that should be taken by nurses who carry the burden of reducing this phenomenon. The study is a qualitative study, in the sense that it does not involve an analysis of data both mathematically and graphically.
The authors use published information to support their arguments hence it is a peer-reviewed secondary study.
After evaluation, the study confirms that nurses should conduct preventative measures to reduce the effects of pressure injuries. This can be achieved by involving various types of treatment and nursing interventions to mention a few.
Bluestein, D., & Javaheri, A. (2008). Pressure ulcers: prevention, evaluation, and management. American family physician, 78(10).
. This study comprehensively evaluates the predominant factors associated with wounds. The study relies on pre-existing data.
The authors conclude that appropriate dressing is important to prevent critical health issues. It is from this point of view that the study advises on thorough check-ups and in case there are no improvement medicals procedures should be taken.
Vanderwee, K., Defloor, T., Beeckman, D., Demarré, L., Verhaeghe, S., Van Durme, T., & Gobert, M. (2011). Assessing the adequacy of pressure ulcer prevention in hospitals: a nationwide prevalence survey. BMJ Quality & Safety, 20(3), 260-267.
The study assesses the efficacy of pressure ulcer prevention in health cares. This is a primary study because the author organizes, collect and analyzes data. Also, this is a quantitative study because it statistically analyzes data.
The study confirmed that there is a limited use of proper preventions measures with respect to pressure injuries and wounds. In other words, the study confirmed that there is a rather low-quality care.
Sving, E., Gunningberg, L., Högman, M., & Mamhidir, A. G. (2012). Registered nurses’ attention t ...
Running head Qualitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerat.docxtodd581
Running head: Qualitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations 1
2
Qualitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations
Salice Acha Njei
Grand Canyon University: (NRS-428VN)
06/16/2020
PICOT Question:
For hospitalized patients age 65 and older (P), does the use of bed alarms (I), compared to current practice (C), reduce the number of fall incidents (O), within 4 weeks (T)?
Majkusová et al. (2016) describes a fall as an event that results in an individual coming to rest inadvertently on the ground, floor or other lower level. Older people are at a greater risk of fall and this has significant consequences to their quality of life and that of their families. With the population of people who are 65 years and above set to more than double in the next decade, it is undoubtedly important that risk factors are established and an effective prevention program established to mitigate these falls. This way, hospitals are implementing bed alarms to improve patient safety and quality of care delivery. Therefore, this discussion will critique these two qualitative studies that support the proposed evidence-based practice initiative to support the central question in this research paper which is “can the use of alarm sensors or bed alarms reduce fall incidents with the elderly in a hospital setting?”.
Qualitative Studies
According to Majkusová et al. (2016) qualitative study is a research method conducted in natural settings, and the used data are words or text, rather than numerical, in order to describe the experiences that were being studied. There are a variety of methods of data collection in qualitative research, including observations, textual or visual analysis (example from books or videos) and interviews (individual or group).The first qualitative study is Enema, D. M., Skinner, A. M., Nailon, R., Conley, D., High, R., & Jones, K. J. (2019). Patient and system factors associated with unassisted and injurious falls in hospitals: an observational study. BMC Geriatrics, 19(1), 1. Retrieved from:
https://eds-a-ebscohost-com.lopes.idm.oclc.org/eds/detail/detail?vid=0&sid=bedb2bb0-ec00-4d86-abcf 092c57247ca2%40sessionmgr4008&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmUmc2NvcGU9c2l0ZQ%3d%3d#AN=140312571&db=edb. The second one is Majkusová, K., Jarošová, D., Zeleníková, R., & Kozáková, R. (2016). Assessing the methodological quality of clinical guidelines for preventing falls of patients. Central European Journal of Nursing & Midwifery, 7(4), 549. Retrieved from:
https://eds-b-ebscohost-com.lopes.idm.oclc.org/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=0&sid=da9cb59c-18bc-4aec-899b-72423a431e61%40pdc-v-sessmgr02. These two qualitative studies support the fact that implementing bed alarms in hospital settings helps to reduce the number of falls incidents with the elderly population.
Background of Study
Older people are more susceptible to falls than young people because of a few factors. These factors may include, how.
The management of pediatric polytrauma -a simple reviewEmergency Live
This Clinical review, published by Libertas Academica, is an interesting commentary about the management of pediatric polytrauma.
This research was realized by
H. Mevius, M. van Dijk, A. Numanogluand A.B. van As between the MC-Sophia Childen's Hospital, Rotterdam, and the Red Cross War memorial Children's Hospital in Cape Town, South Africa.
H. Mevius1, M. van Dijk2–4, A. Numanoglu2,3 and A.B. van As2,3
1Medical Student, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. 2Department
of Paediatric Surgery, Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa. 3University of Cape Town, Cape Town,
South Africa. 4Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
1Medical Student, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. 2Department
of Paediatric Surgery, Red Cross War Memorial Children’s Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa. 3University of Cape Town, Cape Town,
South Africa. 4Department of Pediatric Surgery, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
ABSTRACT: Polytrauma is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in both developed and developing countries. The primary goal of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview on current knowledge in the management of pediatric polytrauma patients (PPPs). A database review was conducted based on a search in the Embase, Medline OVID-SP, Web of Science, Cochrane central, and Pubmed databases. Only studies with “paediatric population” and “polytrauma” as criteria were included. A total of 3310 citations were retrieved. Of these, 3271 were excluded after screening, based on title and abstract. The full texts of 39 articles were assessed; further selection left 25 articles to be included in this review. The most crucial point in the
management of PPPs is preparedness of the staff and an emergency room furnished with age-appropriate drugs and equipment combined with a systemic
approach.
KEY WORDS: pediatric population, polytrauma, multiple injuries, current management, review
Introduction
Polytrauma is a medical term that describes the condition of a patient subjected to multiple traumatic injuries and can be a life-threatening condition. These (life threatening) injuries typically affect two or more body regions and present a challenge for diagnosis and treatment.1,2 However, there is no consensus yet about the term polytrauma in both literature and practice.3
Polytrauma is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in both developed and developing countries. Despite its preventability, trauma remains the most common cause of death and disability in children.2 In fact, all over the world, more than 700,000 children under the age of 15 years die each year due to accidental injury.4 Leading causes of polytrauma are road traffic crashes, falls from heights, and
Running Head PICOT STATEMENT ON PRESSURE ULCERS1PICOT STA.docxgemaherd
Running Head: PICOT STATEMENT ON PRESSURE ULCERS
1
PICOT STATEMENT ON PRESSURE ULCERS
2
PICOT Question pressure ulcers
Student’s Name: Vladimir Andino
University Affiliation: GCU
PICOT Question
According to a report by CDC, approximately 3 million people develop pressure injuries each year. Pressure ulcers reduce the quality of quality of life. Each year a considerably large number of people are diagnosed with pressure injuries. Various ways can be used to prevent the progression of this phenomenon. This paper evaluates the most effective option that can be applied to prevent pressure injuries. It is framed based on the PICOT statement,
(P) patients with severe pressure injuries.
(I) is the surgical removal of ulcers.
(C) compared with the administration of antibiotics.
(O) more effective in treatment of pressure injuries.
(T) in the short-term medical plan.
Edlich, R., Winters, K. L., Woodard, C. R., Buschbacher, R. M., Long III, W. B., Gebhart, J. H., & Ma, E. K. (2004). Pressure ulcer prevention. Journal of long-term effects of medical implants, 14(4).
This study explicitly analyzes prevention as well as treatment actions that should be taken by nurses who carry the burden of reducing this phenomenon. The study is a qualitative study, in the sense that it does not involve an analysis of data both mathematically and graphically.
The authors use published information to support their arguments hence it is a peer-reviewed secondary study.
After evaluation, the study confirms that nurses should conduct preventative measures to reduce the effects of pressure injuries. This can be achieved by involving various types of treatment and nursing interventions to mention a few.
Bluestein, D., & Javaheri, A. (2008). Pressure ulcers: prevention, evaluation, and management. American family physician, 78(10).
. This study comprehensively evaluates the predominant factors associated with wounds. The study relies on pre-existing data.
The authors conclude that appropriate dressing is important to prevent critical health issues. It is from this point of view that the study advises on thorough check-ups and in case there are no improvement medicals procedures should be taken.
Vanderwee, K., Defloor, T., Beeckman, D., Demarré, L., Verhaeghe, S., Van Durme, T., & Gobert, M. (2011). Assessing the adequacy of pressure ulcer prevention in hospitals: a nationwide prevalence survey. BMJ Quality & Safety, 20(3), 260-267.
The study assesses the efficacy of pressure ulcer prevention in health cares. This is a primary study because the author organizes, collect and analyzes data. Also, this is a quantitative study because it statistically analyzes data.
The study confirmed that there is a limited use of proper preventions measures with respect to pressure injuries and wounds. In other words, the study confirmed that there is a rather low-quality care.
Sving, E., Gunningberg, L., Högman, M., & Mamhidir, A. G. (2012). Registered nurses’ attention t ...
Running head Qualitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerat.docxtodd581
Running head: Qualitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations 1
2
Qualitative Research Critique and Ethical Considerations
Salice Acha Njei
Grand Canyon University: (NRS-428VN)
06/16/2020
PICOT Question:
For hospitalized patients age 65 and older (P), does the use of bed alarms (I), compared to current practice (C), reduce the number of fall incidents (O), within 4 weeks (T)?
Majkusová et al. (2016) describes a fall as an event that results in an individual coming to rest inadvertently on the ground, floor or other lower level. Older people are at a greater risk of fall and this has significant consequences to their quality of life and that of their families. With the population of people who are 65 years and above set to more than double in the next decade, it is undoubtedly important that risk factors are established and an effective prevention program established to mitigate these falls. This way, hospitals are implementing bed alarms to improve patient safety and quality of care delivery. Therefore, this discussion will critique these two qualitative studies that support the proposed evidence-based practice initiative to support the central question in this research paper which is “can the use of alarm sensors or bed alarms reduce fall incidents with the elderly in a hospital setting?”.
Qualitative Studies
According to Majkusová et al. (2016) qualitative study is a research method conducted in natural settings, and the used data are words or text, rather than numerical, in order to describe the experiences that were being studied. There are a variety of methods of data collection in qualitative research, including observations, textual or visual analysis (example from books or videos) and interviews (individual or group).The first qualitative study is Enema, D. M., Skinner, A. M., Nailon, R., Conley, D., High, R., & Jones, K. J. (2019). Patient and system factors associated with unassisted and injurious falls in hospitals: an observational study. BMC Geriatrics, 19(1), 1. Retrieved from:
https://eds-a-ebscohost-com.lopes.idm.oclc.org/eds/detail/detail?vid=0&sid=bedb2bb0-ec00-4d86-abcf 092c57247ca2%40sessionmgr4008&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmUmc2NvcGU9c2l0ZQ%3d%3d#AN=140312571&db=edb. The second one is Majkusová, K., Jarošová, D., Zeleníková, R., & Kozáková, R. (2016). Assessing the methodological quality of clinical guidelines for preventing falls of patients. Central European Journal of Nursing & Midwifery, 7(4), 549. Retrieved from:
https://eds-b-ebscohost-com.lopes.idm.oclc.org/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=0&sid=da9cb59c-18bc-4aec-899b-72423a431e61%40pdc-v-sessmgr02. These two qualitative studies support the fact that implementing bed alarms in hospital settings helps to reduce the number of falls incidents with the elderly population.
Background of Study
Older people are more susceptible to falls than young people because of a few factors. These factors may include, how.
4PICOT STATEMENTPICOT Statement and Literatur.docxtroutmanboris
4
PICOT STATEMENT
PICOT Statement and Literature Search Comment by Jelena Peric Kljajic: Title of paper
This is already updated for you here and is reflected in the headers. You don’t have to make any changes.
Vanessa Noa
Grand Canyon University: NRS-433V
03/10/2019
Running head: ASSIGNMENT TITLE HERE
1
Running head: PICOT STATEMENT
PICOT Statement and Literature Search Comment by Jelena Peric Kljajic: Title of paper is restated here. No changes are needed if you’re using the template.
PICOT Question Comment by Jelena Peric Kljajic: A standard paper would have an introduction, but this is not needed for this assignment.
Doctors use urinary catheters to empty urine from patients who have impaired urinary system. Such patients might suffer from kidney failure due to pressure exerted on their kidneys, this is dangerous and can cause permanent damage. The urinary catheters, however, may cause potential complications on the patients. Research carried on BMC Urology shows that most patients end up suffering from urinary tract infections (UTI) after the use of indwelling urinary catheters. Other complications such as kidney damage, injury to the urethra, bladder stones, and blood in the urine, septicemia and allergic reactions may arise from the usage of the urinary catheter (Feneley, Hopley, & Wells., 2015). In patients with impaired urinary system(P), how does the use of indwelling catheter(I) compare with an intermittent catheter(C) affect the urinary tract infection(O) rate within the first 3 months of use? (T)
References Comment by Jelena Peric Kljajic: Two research studies are included here as examples for formatting.
Be sure that the hanging indent is present and that the abstract is in the same format as listed here (same font, font size, font color, etc.)
Once you complete typing your reference, use the “Shfit+Enter” buttons simultaneously to maintain the hanging indent formatting for your abstract.
When copy and pasting your abstract, right click on your mouse and select the “paste” option that states “keep text only”
This will allow you to paste your abstracts without drastically changing the formatting. You may still have to update formatting somewhat. Nevertheless, formatting should be consistent throughout as shown here.
Dodd, S., Hill, M., & Ockenden, N. (2018). ‘Being with’ or ‘doing for’? How the role of an end-of-life volunteer befriender can impact patient wellbeing: Interviews from a multiple qualitative case study (ELSA). Support Care Cancer, 26(9), 3163-3172. doi:10.1007/s00520-018-4169-2.
Abstract:
PURPOSE: To explore the perspectives of people anticipated to be in their last year of life, family carers, volunteers and staff on the impacts of receiving a volunteer-provided befriending service. Patient participants received up to 12 weeks of a volunteer-provided befriending intervention. Typically, this involved one visit per week from a trained volunteer. Such services complement.
Epidemiology designs for clinical trials - PubricaPubrica
1. Clinical trial study design
2. Cohort Study design
3. Case-Control Studies
4. Cross-Sectional Studies
5. Ecological Studies
6. Randomized Clinical Trials
Continue Reading: https://bit.ly/3tDt6rH
Reference: https://pubrica.com/services/research-services/experimental-design/
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When you order our services, We promise you the following – Plagiarism free | always on Time | 24*7 customer support | Written to international Standard | Unlimited Revisions support | Medical writing Expert | Publication Support | Biostatistical experts | High-quality Subject Matter Experts.
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European Pharmaceutical Review: Trials and Errors in NeuroscienceKCR
With many shifts in legislature, and advances in science and technology affecting clinical development in neurology and its clinical studies, it has never been more important to stay up to date with the latest regulations and trends
Running Head ARTICLE CRITIQUERESEARCH ARTICLE CRITIQUE2.docxtoddr4
Running Head : ARTICLE CRITIQUE
RESEARCH ARTICLE CRITIQUE 2
Quantitative Research Article Critique
Uka Anna
Grand Canyon University- NRS 433V
June 9, 2019
The Prevalence of Pressure Ulcer Using Foam or Pad dressing on Patients in Hospital and Skilled Nursing Facility.
Background
The article by Padula (2017) indicates that hospital acquired Pressure Injuries (HAPIs) are prevalent, costly, and deadly to critically ill and acute patients. Their prevalence is 2.5 million patients annually and the cost 500-150000 USD per case. There are about 60,000 deaths yearly, causing a health burden. Risk and skin assessments have become imperative with foam dressing arising as a new method of preventing pressure injuries and mitigating the problem. through prophylactic dressings loading forces on tissues between the bony prominence and support surface is mitigated causing a quality improvement in injuries among patients who undergo cardiac surgery. In this study, the focus is on evaluating the efficacy of prophylactic foam in clinical trial situations through an observational approach with the purpose of establishing how effective and valuable it is in preventing HAPI rates.
On the other hand, in a quantitative study conducted by Frain (2008), it is indicated that extended care where numerous medical regimens are afforded, there is an enhancement of rehabilitation on the patients. Heel pressure which has prevalence rates of 19-32 percent resulting from hip fractures, diabetic neuropathy, structural deformities, and cerebrovascular accidents and implicated in the study. Heel ulcers are indicated to be common and critical, hence requiring care. Since there is no information on long-term care, this study provides a study on that.
How these two articles support the nurse practice issue that I choose in relation to PICOT Question And Ethical consideration Comment by Linnette Nolte: Please delete this as this is a narrative paper. Insert a short heading in APA format
The PICOT pays attention to the population of hospital patients and skill nursing facility patient. The research is focused on reducing pressure ulcer by protecting the bony area with pad dressing, the effects is very positive as we look in to the population involved. Comment by Linnette Nolte: What is your PICO question?
The study responded to the PICOT question by offering a positive relationship between pad dressing and reduction of pressure ulcer among patients. On the other hand, the article by Frain (2008) indicates research into what impact long-term care has on decreasing heel ulcers.
Method of Study:
The study by Padula (2017) was carried out through a retrospective observational cohort study in the US acute care academic medical centers while examining the effectiveness and value of prophylactic 5-layer sacral dressings to prevent HAPI rates in the acute context. There was the acquisition of all pressure injury rates between 2010 and 2015 with the clinical da.
Decision makers in the healthcare field like doctors, patients and policy makers need access to clinical evidence to address issues that have bearing on the health of the population and the treatment prescribed and thereby on the financials implications of the healthcare industry.
The Impact of Patients’ Disease-Labels on Disease Experience Living Longer ...semualkaira
Advances in oncology have resulted in prolonged disease trajectories, also for patients with incurable cancer. This has induced discussions about the ‘right’ medical terminology. The impact of choosing a specific disease-label on well-being can be high.
The Impact of Patients’ Disease-Labels on Disease Experience Living Longer ...semualkaira
Advances in oncology have resulted in prolonged disease trajectories, also for patients with incurable cancer. This has induced discussions about the ‘right’ medical terminology. The impact of choosing a specific disease-label on well-being can be high.
You will present information on the AAC Tobii Dynavox I Seri.docxlillie234567
You will present information on the AAC Tobii Dynavox I
Series device and SNAP Core First Software.
The following objectives should be met:
1. Identify the AAC Device and communication APP
2. Discuss/demonstrate its function, use specs, and the
population it is best suited for
3. Identify research, evidence of efficacy, list pros and
cons of the device/app
4. Use 3D visuals and video of demonstrating how it is
used
5. Steps the individual that it is best suited for needs to
take for improvement.
6. Roles of the speech pathologist and who they would
collaborate with.
7. Resources
8. At least 8-10 slides with slide transcript
.
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Similar to This topic is listed as Part 5 Sharing My Playing-with-Gender Ac.docx
4PICOT STATEMENTPICOT Statement and Literatur.docxtroutmanboris
4
PICOT STATEMENT
PICOT Statement and Literature Search Comment by Jelena Peric Kljajic: Title of paper
This is already updated for you here and is reflected in the headers. You don’t have to make any changes.
Vanessa Noa
Grand Canyon University: NRS-433V
03/10/2019
Running head: ASSIGNMENT TITLE HERE
1
Running head: PICOT STATEMENT
PICOT Statement and Literature Search Comment by Jelena Peric Kljajic: Title of paper is restated here. No changes are needed if you’re using the template.
PICOT Question Comment by Jelena Peric Kljajic: A standard paper would have an introduction, but this is not needed for this assignment.
Doctors use urinary catheters to empty urine from patients who have impaired urinary system. Such patients might suffer from kidney failure due to pressure exerted on their kidneys, this is dangerous and can cause permanent damage. The urinary catheters, however, may cause potential complications on the patients. Research carried on BMC Urology shows that most patients end up suffering from urinary tract infections (UTI) after the use of indwelling urinary catheters. Other complications such as kidney damage, injury to the urethra, bladder stones, and blood in the urine, septicemia and allergic reactions may arise from the usage of the urinary catheter (Feneley, Hopley, & Wells., 2015). In patients with impaired urinary system(P), how does the use of indwelling catheter(I) compare with an intermittent catheter(C) affect the urinary tract infection(O) rate within the first 3 months of use? (T)
References Comment by Jelena Peric Kljajic: Two research studies are included here as examples for formatting.
Be sure that the hanging indent is present and that the abstract is in the same format as listed here (same font, font size, font color, etc.)
Once you complete typing your reference, use the “Shfit+Enter” buttons simultaneously to maintain the hanging indent formatting for your abstract.
When copy and pasting your abstract, right click on your mouse and select the “paste” option that states “keep text only”
This will allow you to paste your abstracts without drastically changing the formatting. You may still have to update formatting somewhat. Nevertheless, formatting should be consistent throughout as shown here.
Dodd, S., Hill, M., & Ockenden, N. (2018). ‘Being with’ or ‘doing for’? How the role of an end-of-life volunteer befriender can impact patient wellbeing: Interviews from a multiple qualitative case study (ELSA). Support Care Cancer, 26(9), 3163-3172. doi:10.1007/s00520-018-4169-2.
Abstract:
PURPOSE: To explore the perspectives of people anticipated to be in their last year of life, family carers, volunteers and staff on the impacts of receiving a volunteer-provided befriending service. Patient participants received up to 12 weeks of a volunteer-provided befriending intervention. Typically, this involved one visit per week from a trained volunteer. Such services complement.
Epidemiology designs for clinical trials - PubricaPubrica
1. Clinical trial study design
2. Cohort Study design
3. Case-Control Studies
4. Cross-Sectional Studies
5. Ecological Studies
6. Randomized Clinical Trials
Continue Reading: https://bit.ly/3tDt6rH
Reference: https://pubrica.com/services/research-services/experimental-design/
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European Pharmaceutical Review: Trials and Errors in NeuroscienceKCR
With many shifts in legislature, and advances in science and technology affecting clinical development in neurology and its clinical studies, it has never been more important to stay up to date with the latest regulations and trends
Running Head ARTICLE CRITIQUERESEARCH ARTICLE CRITIQUE2.docxtoddr4
Running Head : ARTICLE CRITIQUE
RESEARCH ARTICLE CRITIQUE 2
Quantitative Research Article Critique
Uka Anna
Grand Canyon University- NRS 433V
June 9, 2019
The Prevalence of Pressure Ulcer Using Foam or Pad dressing on Patients in Hospital and Skilled Nursing Facility.
Background
The article by Padula (2017) indicates that hospital acquired Pressure Injuries (HAPIs) are prevalent, costly, and deadly to critically ill and acute patients. Their prevalence is 2.5 million patients annually and the cost 500-150000 USD per case. There are about 60,000 deaths yearly, causing a health burden. Risk and skin assessments have become imperative with foam dressing arising as a new method of preventing pressure injuries and mitigating the problem. through prophylactic dressings loading forces on tissues between the bony prominence and support surface is mitigated causing a quality improvement in injuries among patients who undergo cardiac surgery. In this study, the focus is on evaluating the efficacy of prophylactic foam in clinical trial situations through an observational approach with the purpose of establishing how effective and valuable it is in preventing HAPI rates.
On the other hand, in a quantitative study conducted by Frain (2008), it is indicated that extended care where numerous medical regimens are afforded, there is an enhancement of rehabilitation on the patients. Heel pressure which has prevalence rates of 19-32 percent resulting from hip fractures, diabetic neuropathy, structural deformities, and cerebrovascular accidents and implicated in the study. Heel ulcers are indicated to be common and critical, hence requiring care. Since there is no information on long-term care, this study provides a study on that.
How these two articles support the nurse practice issue that I choose in relation to PICOT Question And Ethical consideration Comment by Linnette Nolte: Please delete this as this is a narrative paper. Insert a short heading in APA format
The PICOT pays attention to the population of hospital patients and skill nursing facility patient. The research is focused on reducing pressure ulcer by protecting the bony area with pad dressing, the effects is very positive as we look in to the population involved. Comment by Linnette Nolte: What is your PICO question?
The study responded to the PICOT question by offering a positive relationship between pad dressing and reduction of pressure ulcer among patients. On the other hand, the article by Frain (2008) indicates research into what impact long-term care has on decreasing heel ulcers.
Method of Study:
The study by Padula (2017) was carried out through a retrospective observational cohort study in the US acute care academic medical centers while examining the effectiveness and value of prophylactic 5-layer sacral dressings to prevent HAPI rates in the acute context. There was the acquisition of all pressure injury rates between 2010 and 2015 with the clinical da.
Decision makers in the healthcare field like doctors, patients and policy makers need access to clinical evidence to address issues that have bearing on the health of the population and the treatment prescribed and thereby on the financials implications of the healthcare industry.
The Impact of Patients’ Disease-Labels on Disease Experience Living Longer ...semualkaira
Advances in oncology have resulted in prolonged disease trajectories, also for patients with incurable cancer. This has induced discussions about the ‘right’ medical terminology. The impact of choosing a specific disease-label on well-being can be high.
The Impact of Patients’ Disease-Labels on Disease Experience Living Longer ...semualkaira
Advances in oncology have resulted in prolonged disease trajectories, also for patients with incurable cancer. This has induced discussions about the ‘right’ medical terminology. The impact of choosing a specific disease-label on well-being can be high.
You will present information on the AAC Tobii Dynavox I Seri.docxlillie234567
You will present information on the AAC Tobii Dynavox I
Series device and SNAP Core First Software.
The following objectives should be met:
1. Identify the AAC Device and communication APP
2. Discuss/demonstrate its function, use specs, and the
population it is best suited for
3. Identify research, evidence of efficacy, list pros and
cons of the device/app
4. Use 3D visuals and video of demonstrating how it is
used
5. Steps the individual that it is best suited for needs to
take for improvement.
6. Roles of the speech pathologist and who they would
collaborate with.
7. Resources
8. At least 8-10 slides with slide transcript
.
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Task· This is an individual task. · The task focuses on areas .docxlillie234567
Task
· This is an individual task.
· The task focuses on areas studied to date, requiring you to show knowledge and application in the parts stated.
· You should upload a single, correctly formatted document which may also include any relevant tables and diagrams
Continuing with the marketing plan you developed for the Midterm Assessment, complete it with according with the topics discussed in class during the 2nd part of the course with following points (but not exclusively)
1. Distribution Channels:
· Markets with direct sales (if any)
· Markets with distributors (if any)
· Markets with agents (if any)
2. Pricing Strategy:
· Pricing strategies per channel
· Take a product and show how should you fix the price according the channel
3. Communication Strategy
· Business Magazines
· Trade Shows
· Digital Tools
4. Any other factor you consider key for your marketing plan
Formalities:
· Wordcount: 2.000 words
· Cover, Table of Contents, References and Appendix are excluded from the total wordcount.
· Font: Arial 12,5 pts.
· Text alignment: Justified.
· Harvard style in-text citations and bibliography
It assesses the following learning outcomes:
1. Have an in-depth understanding of B2B market opportunities.
2. Identify and differentiate between the different and unique challenges of business markets
3. Apply and analyze the different B2Bsystems and processes
4. Have a systematic understanding of how theoretical concepts can be applied in business markets.
5. Critically appreciate B2B marketing strategy assessments and developments.
6. Apply and assess the tools for B2Bmarketing strategy development and implementation
Rubrics
Learning Descriptors
Fail Below 60%
Marginal Fail 60-69%
Fair 70-79 %
Good 80-89%
Exceptional 90-100%
Purpose & Understanding
KNOWLEDGE & UNDERSTANDING
15%
Very poor coverage of central purpose, goals, research questions or arguments with little relevant information evident. Virtually no evidence of understanding or focus.
Minimal understanding of purpose of the study; factual errors evident. Gaps in knowledge and superficial understanding. A few lines of relevant material.
Reasonable understanding and clearly identifies the purpose, goals, research questions or argument.
Reflect partial achievement of learning outcomes.
A sound grasp of, and clearly identifies, the purpose, goals, research questions or argument. Some wider study beyond the classroom content shown.
Effectively describes and explains the central purpose, arguments, research questions, or goals of the project; explanation is focused, detailed and compelling. Recognition of alternative forms of evidence beyond that supplied in the classroom.
Content
KNOWLEDGE & UNDERSTANDING
15%
Content is unclear, inaccurate and/or incomplete. Brief and irrelevant. Descriptive. Only personal views offered.
Unsubstantiated and does not support the purpose, argument or goals of the project. Reader gains no insight through the content of the project.
Limi.
Team ProjectMBA687What it is…The team project in MBA68.docxlillie234567
Team Project
MBA687
What it is…
The team project in MBA687 gives you, the learner and person who is one course away from an MBA:
The opportunity to demonstrate that you can work as a member of a high-functioning team to complete a complex analysis, synthesis and presentation task.
The opportunity to demonstrate mastery of the knowledge and skills that you have acquired through the MBA program.
Where to find information in the syllabus, 1
Page 6
Group Case Study
Prior to the start of Unit 7, students will be assigned into groups of no more than 4 students per group. Each group will be assigned to complete a case study chosen by the instructor from 20 cases located in Appendix C. The 20 case materials can be found in the required textbook (see Appendix C for relevant page numbers). Group case studies should follow the same requirements as the writing assignments stated above. Group case studies are due in Unit 7. Earlier submissions are encouraged.
Also from Page 6
Writing Assignments
Writing assignments must be APA compliant and include a title page, appropriate citations, and references.
Where to find information in the syllabus, 2
Appendix C (Page 24)
This was the list from which your team selected its case
Pages 43-45
This is the rubric (grading guide) that the instructor will use to evaluate and grade the team’s submission.
General outline for the submission
This submission is much like one that you would present in a workplace situation. Imagine that you are presenting your findings on the case to senior management of your company, or to the board of directors.
For your paper, use the outline found in Table 2, page C-6 of your text.
Strategic Profile and Case Analysis Purpose
Situation Analysis
A. General environmental analysis
B. Industry analysis
C. Competitor analysis
D. Internal analysis
III. Identification of Environmental Opportunities and Threats and Firm Strengths and Weaknesses (SWOT Analysis)
Strategy Formulation
A. Strategic alternatives
B. Alternative evaluation
C. Alternative choice
Strategic Alternative Implementation
A. Action items
B. Action plan
Parts I, II and II
Parts I, II and III are much like the introduction, external analysis and internal analysis that you did for your individual project.
The author provides a list of things that you can consider about the external analysis of the industry in Table 3 (C-7)
The author discusses industry analysis (C-6), competitor analysis (C-7) and industry analysis (C-8). It will be helpful to review these areas, even though you have done your individual projects.
In the following pages, the author suggests many tools that you can use to analyze the company and its industry.
Strategy in the paper, 1
Strategy formulation
This is your team’s recommendations for the company
Recommendations should be either business level strategy alternatives or corporate level strategy alternatives.
Recommendations should be based on and sup.
T he fifteen year-old patient was scheduled for surgery on t.docxlillie234567
T he fifteen year-old patient was
scheduled for surgery on the right
side of his brain to remove a right tem-
poral lobe lesion that was believed to be
causing his epileptic seizures.
The surgery began with the sur-
geon making an incision on the left
side, opening the skull, penetrating the
dura and removing significant portions
of the left amygdala, hippocampus and
other left-side brain tissue before it was
discovered that they were working on
the wrong side.
The left-side wound was closed,
the right side was opened and the pro-
cedure went ahead on the right, correct
side.
The error in the O.R. was revealed
to the parents shortly after the surgery,
but only as if it was a minor and incon-
sequential gaffe.
The patient recuperated, left the
hospital, returned to his regular activi-
ties and graduated from high school
before his parents could no longer deny
he was not all right. After a thorough
neurological assessment he had to be
placed in an assisted living facility for
brain damaged individuals.
When the full magnitude of the
consequences came to light a lawsuit
was filed which resulted in a $11 mil-
lion judgment which was affirmed by
the Supreme Court of Arkansas.
A circulating nurse has a le-
gal duty to see that surgery
does not take place on the
wrong side of the body.
The preoperative documents
failed to identify on which side
the surgery was to be done.
It was below the standard of
care for the circulating nurse
not to notice that fact and not
to seek out the correct infor-
mation.
SUPREME COURT OF ARKANSAS
December 13, 2012
Operating Room: Surgical Error Blamed, In
Part, On Circulating Nurse’s Negligence.
Surgical Error Blamed, In Part, On
Circulating Nurse’s Negligence
The Court accepted the testimony
of the family’s nursing expert that a
circulating nurse has a fundamental
responsibility as a member of the surgi-
cal team to make sure that surgery is
done on the correct anatomical site,
especially when it is brain surgery.
The circulating nurse is supposed
to understand imposing terms like se-
lective amygdala hippocampectomy
and know the basics of how it is sup-
posed to be done.
Hospital policy called for the sur-
geon, the anesthesiologist, the circulat-
ing nurse and the scrub nurse or tech to
take a “timeout” prior to starting a sur-
gical case for final verification of the
correct anatomical site.
The circulating nurse should have
available three essential documents, the
surgical consent form, the preoperative
history and the O.R. schedule.
The full extent of the error, that is,
a full list of the parts of the brain that
were removed from the healthy side,
should have been documented by the
circulating nurse, and failure to do so
was a factor that adversely affected the
patient’s later medical course, the pa-
tient’s nursing expert said. Proassur-
ance v. Metheny, __ S.W. 3d __, 2012 WL
6204231 (Ark.
Study Participants Answers to Interview QuestionsParticipant #1.docxlillie234567
Study Participants Answers to Interview Questions
Participant #1:
1. What are the disparities between jail and youth rehabilitation for African American offenders?
a. African Americans will be imprisoned more than their white counterparts who will be given rehabilitation, institutional racism exists, and the system will spend more man hours and time dealing with white offenders than black offenders.
2. What are some social issues that African American juveniles are faced with?
a. Sociocultural stigmas, single-parent households, inadequate educational systems, poor role models, and single-parent households
3. Why are African American male juveniles not offered other means of rehabilitative punishments?
a. The New Jim Crow is our correctional system, which seeks to fill jail cells by incarcerating more black and Latino people who are then utilized as enslaved people in the system for huge corporations and the US Government. The system indicates they are not receptive and will not change.
4. What effects does the existing jail and punishment system have on this population?
a. Demeaning and discouraging—we should fund educational aid, mental health services, and instruction. Providing people with helpful tools, role models, and direction will also help them become contributing members of society
Participant #2:
1. Youth rehabilitation centers should provide mechanisms to prevent offenders from committing crimes but in order to effectively do that the differences amongst AA juveniles and other races must be addressed, while jail just allows for a separation from society to think about the crime.
2. African American male juveniles are faced with a predetermined
perception of being criminals as well as a lack of resources in their communities to educate them on the different career paths & trades that exist.
3. The funding doesn’t exist to provide other rehabilitative opportunities in AA communities.
4. The existing punishment system allows offenders to be separated from the public but it doesn’t provide them with any resources to be successful once their time is complete. Not addressing the underlying issues of how they entered the system as well as how to they can live a successful life after now being labeled as a criminal normally results in repeat offenders.
Participant #3:
1. The youth aren’t getting the proper guidance, mental healthcare and attentiveness in jail. They’re already “written off” which leads to them believing what they’re being taught and increasing the likelihood of them becoming repeat offenders. In youth rehab, you’re given a second chance, you’re being taught how to manage your mental and emotional state. You are being prepared for the world.
2. Prejudice. Are seen as thugs, no good. Etc. don’t have proper resources to get them back on their feet. Difficulty getting jobs, getting into school once released.
3. Unsure, but I’m sure it’s race.
4. You can become in.
STUDENT REPLIES
STUDENT REPLY #1 Vanessa Deleon Guerrero
When conducting surveillance, you are closely monitoring a person’s activities. Investigators or detectives watch their every move, at home, work, where they eat, shop all while being unnoticeable. When detectives conduct surveillance, they still need to ensure that they are respecting the person’s privacy. For example, detectives will not take photos of the person while they are in the shower. If the person is outside or in an area that has public view, then they can take photos of that person. They must conduct their surveillance in an orderly manner, without causing panic to the public in order to ensure public safety.
Private companies such as Facebook, Instagram or twitter are used for people to express themselves. However, what is posted on their social media becomes public and they make their lives public for everyone to see. If someone posted that they were just at a park where a shooting happened, law enforcement can use that to interview them because it puts them at the scene of the crime. However, private companies, for example like phone companies should not use data like text messaging for their benefit. They should not be allowed to read their customers’ messages or listen in on their phone calls. That is a true invasion of privacy.
Reference
Brandl, S. (2018). Criminal investigation (4th ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications.
Bedi, M. (2016). The curious case of cell phone location data: Fourth Amendment doctrine mash-up Links to an external site... Northwestern University Law Review, 110(2), 507–524
STUDENT REPLY #2 Danielle Berlus
Hello everyone, when I think of surveillance, I think of all the places that they put cameras like the ones at streetlights that catch you speeding or when they are looking for a suspect and they look to facial recognition devices. I think it is hard to balance what is expected to be private. I don't think anything is private anymore except possibly the bathrooms and even then, someone maybe recording you. Our cell phones I think are being monitored by so many companies and even those who want to steal our personal data as well.
"The government tracks movements through the acquisition of cell phone location data: historical cell phone location data, real-time cell phone location data, and actively "pinging" a cell phone for location data. Cell phone providers store location data as the normal part of their business of providing service. Police, in turn, can request that cell phone providers hand over this location data for a suspect over a set period of time. This information is classified as historical cell phone location data. This data stands in contrast to real-time location data. Whereas the former focuses on past locations, real-time data provides locations as they actually occur. Here, cell phone providers, upon request, give police contemporaneous data on the location of the nearest cell tower for tracking p.
Student Name
BUS 300 Public Relations
[Insert Instructor’s Name]
Month Date Year
BUS300 PR Plan Part 2 Outline
This paper will be a revised and expanded version of Developing a Public Relations Plan, Part 1 assignment in Week 4. Your paper should have a section with the bolded headers below. Ensure you have a section that discusses each of these:
Mix Media
In this section, you will describe the mix of media you would use to implement your public relations campaign and explain in detail your objectives for each media form. Include traditional and twenty-first- century integrated marketing communication strategies in your discussion. (This section should be at least three paragraphs).
Government Relations
In this section you will describe the government relations tactics you would use as part of your public relations campaign, and explain in detail how these tactics will help you achieve your objectives. In great detail explain how these tactics will help you achieve your objectives. (This section should be at least two paragraphs).
Community Relations
In this section please explain in detail how you can take advantage of community relations to generate positive publicity for your organization. (This section should be at least two paragraphs).
News Release
Draft a news release that you will use in your public relations campaign (Chapter 15). Explain in detail how the content, style, and essentials of your news release will help you persuade the public to your point of view. Use information from Chapter 15 as support. Describe the key elements of writing to consider when responding to a public relations crisis or scandal. (Your news release should be similar to the example provided in the book).
Crisis Management
In this section you will explain the five planning issues related to crisis management that can be employed to mitigate the scandal or risks (Chapter 17). (This section should be at least four to five paragraphs).
Additional Requirements
Remember to Include in-text citations when presenting information from other sources. You should begin your search for sources in the Strayer Library. Use a minimum of three credible, relevant, and appropriate sources. After you conclude the paper, you will need a separate page that includes your references. Include a sources page at the end of your paper.
Please ensure you proofread your paper and summarize when providing in-text citations.
1. Enter your first source entry here.
2. Enter your second source entry here.
3. Enter your third source entry here.
image1.png
BUS 300 Public Relations
Dr. Tenielle Buchanan
October 30, 2022BUS300 PR Plan Part 1 Outline
Your paper should have a section with the bolded headers below. Ensure you have a section that discusses each of these:
Name of organization
The United States-based publication Rolling Stone magazine is a news magazine that covers articles on current events relating to music, contempo.
Statistical Process Control 1 STATISTICAL PROCESS .docxlillie234567
Statistical Process Control 1
STATISTICAL PROCESS CONTROL
by XXXXXXXX
Student ID: 2XXXXXXX
University of Northampton
(Amity Global Institute Pte Ltd, Singapore)
Managing Operations and The Supply Chain
Dr. Melvin Goh
BSOM046
BSOM046-SUM-1920-ES1-Statistical Process Control
18 Oct XXXX
Word Count: 1600 (± 50)
Statistical Process Control 2
Table of Content
1. Introduction………………………………………………………………….3
2. Literature Review……………………………………………………………3
3. Methodology…………………………………………………………………5
4. Case Study Analysis…………………………………………………………9
5. Recommendation…………………………………………………………….15
6. Conclusion…………………………………………………………………...17
7. References……………………………………………………………………18
8. Appendix……………………………………………………………………..22
Statistical Process Control 3
STATISTICAL PROCESS CONTROL
INTRODUCTION
This report will provide a literature review of the concept and relevance of statistical process
control (SPC) from its inception until the present day. A case study of Waterside’s Leather
Limited (WLL) using the temperature data of its combined effluent discharge over one hundred
and twenty days will be conducted, and a recommendation will also be proposed.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Man has always tried to imitate and better his competitors to develop a better and cheaper
product or service. This idea was as crucial for the hunter-gatherer as it is for the manufacturing
industry after many millennia. This awareness led to the requirement of apprentices having to
follow in the footsteps of the master craftsmen for many years until they could become masters
in their craft. However, this was not a scientifically tabulated and monitored process.
Bradford and Miranti (2019) state that “it was in 1924 that Walter A. Shewhart introduced the
use of control charts to evaluate data distribution patterns to determine whether manufacturing
processes remain under control at Bell Telephone Laboratories”. He also introduced the terms
of variation in the process which comprises of common cause and special cause variation
(Subhabrata and Marien, 2019).
SPC is a technique for controlling processes to distinguish causes of variation and signal for
corrective action (Chen 2005 cited in Avakh and Nasari 2016). While some say that “SPC is
the use of statistically based tools and techniques principally for the management and
Statistical Process Control 4
improvement of processes” (Stapenhurrst, 2005), others say that “SPC is not really about
statistics or control, it is about competitiveness” (Oakland and Oakland, 2018).
Figure 1: A typical Control Chart
(Graph from https://learning.oreilly.com/library/view/nonparametric-statistical-process/9781118456033/c02.xhtml#head-2-
18)
The USA War Department used these methods to enhance the quality of products during World
War II. W.E Deming used Shewhart’s cycle in his quality training in Japan in 1950 but made
a new version stress.
Student 1 Student Mr. Randy Martin Eng 102 MW .docxlillie234567
Student 1
Student
Mr. Randy Martin
Eng 102 MW
6 December 2010
The Tragedy of Othello
The “Devil” throughout the ages has been referred to by many names; accuser, adversary,
enemy, and thief among others, no matter what title is given he is universally accepted as the
purest and ultimate form of evil. In William Shakespeare’s play, The Tragedy of Othello,
Shakespeare uses the element of drama of character to create a villain that embodies absolute
wickedness, a human form of the author of evil. The character Shakespeare creates to serve as
the ultimate antagonist is none other than “honest Iago.” Iago’s character is the best
representation of an elusive villain whose clever abilities to deceive and persuade bring
catastrophic destruction like that of an unexpected, nearly invisible black ice. Shakespeare uses
the character to advance the theme that mankind has the ability to be influenced and even driven
to engage in repulsive and devastatingly horrendous acts towards to each other. Iago himself is
driven and influences the actions Casio, Othello, and Rodrigo.
Spurred by jealousy and the pain of an injured pride Iago observes the man who was
granted/appointed the position he believed to have deserved and conceives a plan for taking
Cassio(this man) out. The character Cassio is deceived and manipulated by Iago in two manners.
First Iago sets up Cassio to betray himself and be demoted and then later uses Cassio as a pawn
to play into an even greater and more elaborate act of revenge against Othello.
Giving into anger and jealousy, Iago devises a plan to crush Cassio and satiate the pain of
Student 2
being passed over, Shakespeare writes:
I: With as little
a web as this will I ensnare as great a fly as Cassio. Ay, smile upon her, do!
I will gyve thee in thine own courtship…
If such tricks as these strip you out of your lieutenantry, (2.1.162-4)
Critic August Schlegel notes, “…he spreads his nets with a skill which nothing can escape.” The
devastation of being passed over for the position drove Iago to exact revenge on the unknowing
bystander, Cassio. Pride is a powerful internal motivator that takes a tremendous toll on those
who allow it contribute to their actions or control their thoughts. It is easy to give into the
feelings of being wronged and turn an evil eye rather than applauding another in their success.
More commonly found in relationships is the mentality of if I can’t have him nobody will.
With ease and grace Iago is able to show Cassio false sympathy and gain trust that allows
him to direct Cassio’s actions, by creating false hope. Shakespeare writes:
I: …, I could heartily wish this had not
befall’n; but since it is as it is, mend it for your own good.(2.3.270-1)
I: I tell you what you
shall do. Our general’s wife is now the general...
confess yourself freely to her; importune her help
to put you in your place again. She is of so free, .
Sophia Pathways for College Credit – English Composition II
SAMPLE TOUCHSTONE AND SCORING
Logan Stevens
English Composition II
December 20, 2019
Where’s the Beef?: Ethics and the Beef Industry
Americans love their beef. Despite the high rate of its consumption, in recent years
people in the United States have grown increasingly concerned about where their food comes
from, how it is produced, and what environmental and health impacts result from its production.
These concerns can be distilled into two ethical questions: is the treatment of cattle humane and
is there a negative environmental impact of beef production? For many, the current methods of
industrial beef production and consumption do not meet personal ethical or environmental
standards. Therefore, for ethical and environmental reasons, people should limit their beef
consumption.
The first ethical question to consider is the humane treatment of domesticated cattle. It
has been demonstrated in multiple scientific studies that animals feel physical pain as well as
emotional states such as fear (Grandin & Smith, 2004, para. 2). In Concentrated Animal Feeding
Operations (CAFOs), better known as “factory farms” due to their industrialized attitude toward
cattle production, cattle are often confined to unnaturally small areas; fed a fattening, grain-based
diet; and given a constant stream of antibiotics to help combat disease and infection. In his essay,
“An Animal’s Place,” Michael Pollan (2002) states that beef cattle often live “standing ankle
Comment [SL1]: Hi Logan! This is a great title.
Comment [SL2]: It will help strengthen your opening
sentence to include some sort of facts or statistics about
beef consumption in America.
Comment [SL3]: Throughout your essay, you talk about
more than just limiting the consumption of beef. How could
you strengthen your Thesis Statement to connect all of
those points?
Sophia Pathways for College Credit – English Composition II
SAMPLE TOUCHSTONE AND SCORING
deep in their own waste eating a diet that makes them sick” (para. 40). Pollan describes
Americans’ discomfort with this aspect of meat production and notes that they are removed from
and uncomfortable with the physical and psychological aspects of killing animals for food. He
simplifies the actions chosen by many Americans: “we either look away—or stop eating
animals” (para. 32). This decision to look away has enabled companies to treat and slaughter
their animals in ways that cause true suffering for the animals. If Americans want to continue to
eat beef, alternative, ethical methods of cattle production must be considered.
The emphasis on a grain-based diet, and therefore a reliance on mono-cropping, also
contributes to the inefficient use of available land. The vast majority of grain production (75-
90% depending on whether corn or soy) goes to feeding animals rather than humans, and cattle
alone .
STORY TELLING IN MARKETING AND SALES – AssignmentThe Ethic.docxlillie234567
STORY TELLING IN MARKETING AND SALES – Assignment
The Ethics of Storytelling
Assignment Description:
During the past week in class, we learned that all brand stories need to have a strong ethical foundation. Brands need to create and distribute messages that are honest and convey their corporate values.
FOR THIS ASSIGNMENT, “CHOOSE ANY 1” OF THE FOLLOWING SHORT VIDEOS TO WRITE ABOUT:
· “Apple 2013 Christmas commercial”
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=03KQTCEM08k
· “WestJet Christmas Miracle”
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zIEIvi2MuEk&t=9s
For the video you choose, answer the following questions about the story that is being told:
(minimum 350 words, combine 1 to 5)
1. Does this story affirm the company’s core values? Why or why not?
2. Does this story foster trust with each and every stakeholder? Why or why not?
3. Does this story help build relationships? Why or why not?
4. Does this story showcase diverse and inclusive behaviors?
5. Does this story honor the company’s commitments and promises to its customers? Why or why not?
Note: Write a minimum of 350 words for above 5 questions, conveying your own thoughts and views.
image1.png
CHCCCS023 Learner Guide Version 1.1 Page 1 of 59
CHCCCS023
Support independence and
wellbeing
Learner Guide
CHCCCS023 Learner Guide Version 1.1 Page 2 of 59
Table of Contents
Unit of Competency ..................................................................................................................... 5
Application ...................................................................................................................................... 5
Unit Sector ...................................................................................................................................... 5
Performance Criteria ....................................................................................................................... 6
Foundation Skills ............................................................................................................................. 8
Assessment Requirements .............................................................................................................. 9
1. Recognise and support individual differences.......................................................................... 12
1.1 – Recognise and respect the person’s social, cultural and spiritual differences ........................ 13
Individual differences .................................................................................................................... 13
Social differences .......................................................................................................................... 13
Cultural differences ....................................................
STEP IV CASE STUDY & FINAL PAPERA. Based on the analysis in Ste.docxlillie234567
STEP IV: CASE STUDY & FINAL PAPER
A. Based on the analysis in Step III, choose which theory best applies to this situation. Add any arguments justifying your choice of these ethical principles to support your decision.
Consequentialism (Utilitarian) Theory
Deontology Theory
Kant’s Categorical Imperative Principle
Social Contract Theory
Virtue Ethics Theory
NAME THE THEORY HERE: Deontology Theory
B. Explain your choice above: THIS AREA SHOULD BE 4-7 sentences or roughly 100-200 words.
Deontology is an approach to Ethics that focuses on the rightness or wrongness of actions themselves I choose this because ethical actions based on normative theories can be effective in developing better privacy practices for organizations. A business should be able to admit to making a mistake. This is especially important to shareholders, employees, and other stakeholders.It is important for businesses to operate with transparency. Consumers need to be able to trust what businesses present to them.
C. Your decision: What would you do? Why? List the specific steps needed to implement your defensible ethical decision. THIS AREA SHOULD BE 2 OR MORE PARAGRAPHS (250-350 words).
Deontology is a theory of ethics that suggests that actions can either be bad or good when judged based on a clear set of rules. So what I would do is set these rules in place. Businesses/companies should uphold the ethical standard of respect. People personal data shouldn’t be treated as ends rather than means. Companies should keep personal data about their customers/users and should be expected to keep this information private out of respect for these individual’s privacy.
Another rule, Businesses/companies should uphold complete transparency. This builds not only trust, but help builds a relationship with the users/customers. And if they don’t enclosed information the company’s actions would be considered unethical and wrong. Another rule is that there should always be accountability. A business/company should always be able to admit to making a mistake. This is especially important to shareholders, and stakeholders. They should be able to own up to missteps even when this could have serious consequences. With these rules emplaced it would be more ethical.
D. What longer-term changes (i.e., political, legal, societal, organizational) would help prevent your defined dilemma in the future? THIS AREA SHOULD BE 2 OR MORE PARAGRAPHS (250-350 words).
My dilemma is the misuse of personal information and data. Not just in social media but, also companies and business. One of the obvious ways to stop this dilemma is to make it that companies aren’t allowed to collect and store our personal data. User data can legally be sold as long as legal conditions for its collection and sale have been met and there isn’t any regulation against it. Our data is being sold for profit. This shouldn’t be allowed. There should be laws and regulations against that. They are the only ones benefiting.
Step 1Familiarize yourself with the video found here .docxlillie234567
Step 1:
Familiarize yourself with the video found here:
Link to Who Leads Us? video
AND the website associated with the video, located here:
Who Leads Us?
AND the website of your Representative in the United States House:
The US House of Representatives
Step 2:
After learning about Reflective Democracy across the United States it is time to learn about how it affects you. Begin by examining yourself and your surrounding community. How would you describe your cultural background? How would you describe the cultural background of your US Representative? How would you describe the cultural background of the district that he or she represents (and that you are a part of)? Compare and contrast the culture of the district to the culture of your Representative. Compare and contrast the culture of your Representative and your culture. Compare and contrast your culture with the culture of the district that you live. Where do you see the greatest differences between cultures? What are some advantages and disadvantages of these cultural differences? How would you work to bridge the divide between cultures? (SR 1)Step 3:
Find a policy issue that your Representative has taken a stand on. Explain that issue in detail. Once you have explained the issue, provide information on where your representative stands on the issue. Where do you stand on the issue? What do you believe should be done? What might be another alternative solution? Thinking about your ideas on the issue who might object to your viewpoint and what might their objections be? Once you’ve laid out their objections, respond to them, and explain, with logic, why your perspective is correct and your opponents’ objections are mistaken. (PR 1 and PR 2)Step 4:
Now that you have officially staked out a policy position, you need to think about how to get it put into action. Who in the government, and who in your community. do you believe should be involved? What specific actions should you (and those in the community) take? Why is it important to get your community involved and what will be the benefits of activating people to the cause? (SR 2)Step 5:
Let’s assume that you are successful in your efforts, and you achieve your policy goal. What do you believe will be the consequences of putting this policy into practice? How far reaching do you think the consequences will be for your community? Your state? Your country? What do you think will be the effects over the short term? Over the long term? Be sure to mention both positive and negative consequences that might result? (PR 3)
.
Statistical application and the interpretation of data is importan.docxlillie234567
Statistical application and the interpretation of data is important in health care. Review the statistical concepts covered in this topic. In a 800-1,000 words paper, discuss the significance of statistical application in health care. Include the following:
1. Describe the application of statistics in health care. Specifically discuss its significance to quality, safety, health promotion, and leadership.
2. Consider your organization or specialty area and how you utilize statistical knowledge. Discuss how you obtain statistical data, how statistical knowledge is used in day-to-day operations and how you apply it or use it in decision making.
Three peer-reviewed, scholarly or professional references are required.
Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.
RUBRICS:
1, Application of statistics in health care is described in detail. The significance to quality, safety, health promotion, and leadership is described thoroughly for all criteria. Strong information and rationale is provided to fully illustrate the application of statistics, and its significance, to health care and the specific areas.
2, Application of statistical knowledge to organization or specialty area is thoroughly discussed. How statistical data are obtained, used in day-to-day operations, or applied in decision making is described in detail. The ability to understand and apply statistical data is clearly demonstrated.
3, Thesis is comprehensive and contains the essence of the paper. Thesis statement makes the purpose of the paper clear.
4, Clear and convincing argument presents a persuasive claim in a distinctive and compelling manner. All sources are authoritative.
5, Writer is clearly in command of standard, written, academic English
6, Paper Format (use of appropriate style for the major and assignment)
Compañías utilizando la Inteligencia Artificial
La Inteligencia Artificial es un campo donde se combina las ciencias de las computadoras y bases de datos para ayudar a resolver problemas o para simular Inteligencia Humana. Comprende varios subcampos donde se utilizan varios métodos en los cuales se pueden mencionar los más comunes que son: las maquinas aprendiendo o Machine Learning y el aprendizaje profundo o Deep Learning. Estos métodos o disciplinas están comprometidas con los Algoritmos de la Inteligencia Artificial que buscan crear sistemas expertos que pueden hacer predicciones o clasificaciones basadas en una data introducida por un usuario. Algunas de las funciones primarias de la Inteligencia Artificial varían entre razonar, aprender, resolver problemas, toma de decisiones y principalmente entender el comportamiento humano. Este concepto esta formado por dos tipos de acercamientos, el primero es el acercamiento humano y el acercamiento ideal. Cuando hablamos del acercamiento humano, estamos emprendiendo sistemas que piensan y actúan como humanos. El acercami.
SOURCE: http://eyeonhousing.org/2013/09/24/property-tax-remains-largest-revenue-source/
Property tax comes from housing. More new construction means more property taxes collected. The
better (so more expensive the home) the more property taxes collected. Defaults, foreclosures can
drive down house values and reduce property taxes. You are simply trying to understand some
forecasting regarding the future (maybe near-term future) of property taxes to be collected. CERNIK
Property Tax Remains Largest Revenue Source
According to the latest data from the Census Bureau, taxes paid by homeowners and other real
estate owners remain the largest single source of revenue for state and local governments. At
34%, property taxes represent a significantly larger share than the next largest sources: individual
income taxes (24%) and sales taxes (21%).
State and local government property tax collections continue to increase on a nominal basis.
From the third quarter of 2012 through the end of the second quarter of 2013, approximately
$479 billion in taxes were paid by property owners. This was a small increase from the
previous trailing four-quarter record of $477 billion, set last quarter.
The modest changes throughout the Great Recession in nominal state and local government
property tax collections are due in large part to lagging property assessments and the ability of
local jurisdiction to make annual adjustments to tax rates. In general, declining property values
are not reflected in the system until a few years after the decline occurs. Once assessments are
updated, property tax authorities can adjust rates thus maintaining a desired level of collection.
http://eyeonhousing.org/2013/09/24/property-tax-remains-largest-revenue-source/
http://www.census.gov/govs/qtax/
http://eyeonhousing.files.wordpress.com/2013/09/piechart.png
As state and local government property tax collections increased in recent years, the share of
local tax collections due to property taxes fell from a high of 37.4% in the second quarter of
2010 to the current share of 33.5%. The average share for property taxes since 2000 is 32.4%.
The changing share of local collections is due predominantly to fluctuations in all other tax
receipts. State and local individual income tax, corporate income tax, and sales tax collections
are very responsive to changing economic conditions. For example, in the second quarter of 2009
state and local governments collected $76 billion in individual income tax. In the second quarter
of 2013, the most recent, state and local governments collected $114 billion in individual income
tax. The dramatic 50% increase in state and local individual income tax receipts is due to
improving economic conditions, rising incomes, and higher rates in several states.
http://eyeonhousing.files.wordpress.com/2013/09/chart_13.png
The S&P/Case-Shiller House Price Index – National Index grew by 7.1% on a n.
Sophia Pathways for College Credit – English Composition I
Are you ready to write Touchstone 4?
The essay below provides an example of an advanced level argumentative essay. As you read through
the essay, notice how the author effectively incorporates elements of argument, has a strong thesis
statement which takes a stand on one side of a debatable topic, and utilizes the classical model of
argumentation with effective incorporation and utilization of support.
______________________________________________________________________
Marcus Bishop
English Composition I
March 15, 2018
Teenage Sleep and School Start Times
John, an average teenager, tries to get to school on time in the mornings. He sets two
alarms on his phone and often skips a shower or breakfast, or both, so that he doesn’t miss the
school bus that stops at his corner at 7:00 AM. Once at school, John joins his sleep-deprived
peers in mad dashes to their first classes. School is on, whether students are prepared to learn
or not. According to numerous studies, the average U.S. teenager gets between 7 and 7.25
hours of sleep a night, while his body needs between 9 and 9.5 hours. With the average start
time for high school in the U.S. 8:03 AM (Croft, Ferro, and Wheaton, 2015), it’s not a great leap
to conclude many high school students are sleep-deprived. High schools should implement later
start times to maintain healthy biological functions and to maximize learning for teenagers.
Comment [SL1]: While the sentence structure is a bit
repetitive, this introduction does a good job of engaging the
reader with the average teenager and providing the
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Comment [SL2]: This is a well written thesis statement. It
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concise, yet provides adequate detail so that the reader
knows what your key points within the essay will likely be.
Sophia Pathways for College Credit – English Composition I
Sleep deprivation in teens affects their health, including issues like mood and behavior,
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high risk category as new drivers, are more susceptible to “drowsy-driving incidents.” (Richter,
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Our internal body clocks – what scientists call circadian rhythm - regulate biological
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Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
This topic is listed as Part 5 Sharing My Playing-with-Gender Ac.docx
1. This topic is listed as "Part 5: Sharing My Playing-with-Gender
Act".
Instructions
Present your act to your classmates.
Please provide a basic overview of what you did, why you did
it, and what you learned.
For full credit, be sure to refer directly to your supporting
research or course materials somewhere in your discussion as
part of your analysis. If you refer to texts not assigned for this
class, be sure to include the full bibliographic citation.
*Do not cut and paste or attach your essay from Part 4 here.*
Instead, present your act as you would if you were speaking in
front of the class. Aim for 300-500 words.
Course materials to use:
·
"Women's Social Movements, History of,” by Beth E.
Schneider from Encyclopedia of Gender and Society
·
"The Role of Gender Studies in Transforming Society,”
by Catalina-Daniela Raducu
·
United Nations: Gender Equality and Women’s
Empowerment
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Get Involved: UN Women
1Wung Buh A, et al. BMJ Open 2021;11:e043042.
2. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043042
Open access
Effects of implementing Pressure Ulcer
Prevention Practice Guidelines (PUPPG)
in the prevention of pressure ulcers
among hospitalised elderly patients: a
systematic review protocol
Amos Wung Buh,1 Hassan Mahmoud,2 Wenjun Chen ,3,4
Matthew D F McInnes,2,5,6 Dean A Fergusson 6
To cite: Wung Buh A,
Mahmoud H, Chen W, et al.
Effects of implementing
Pressure Ulcer Prevention
Practice Guidelines (PUPPG)
in the prevention of pressure
ulcers among hospitalised
elderly patients: a systematic
review protocol. BMJ Open
2021;11:e043042. doi:10.1136/
bmjopen-2020-043042
► Prepublication history and
additional material for this paper
is available online. To view these
files, please visit the journal
online (http:// dx. doi. org/ 10.
1136/ bmjopen- 2020- 043042).
AWB and HM contributed
equally.
AWB and HM are joint first
4. all published articles in Medline Ovid, Cumulative Index
to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PubMed, Embase,
Cochrane library, Scopus and Web of Science will be done
using terms such as pressure ulcers, prevention strategies,
elderly patients and hospital. Studies will be screened
for eligibility through title, abstract and full text by two
independent reviewers. Study quality and risk of bias will
be assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute for Meta-
Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument.
If sufficient data are available, a meta- analysis will be
conducted to synthesise the effect size reported as OR
with 95% CIs using both fixed and random effect models.
I2 statistics and visual inspection of the forest plots will
be used to assess heterogeneity and identify the potential
sources of heterogeneity. Publication bias will be assessed
by visual inspections of funnel plots and Egger’s test.
Ethics and dissemination No formal ethical approval or
consent is required as no primary data will be collected.
We aim to publish the research findings in a peer- reviewed
scientific journal to promote knowledge transfer, as well
as in conferences, seminars, congresses or symposia in a
traditional manner.
PROSPERO registration number CRD42019129088.
BACKGROUND
Pressure ulcers (PU) also known as pressure
injuries are areas of localised damage to the
skin and/or underlying structures due to
pressure and/or friction and shear.1 They
are serious and potentially life- threatening
problems across all age groups from the very
young to the very old and across all medical
specialties and care settings.2 It has been
documented that hospital admissions due to
PU are 75% higher than admissions for any
5. other medical conditions and that, the conse-
quences of PU development in hospitalised
patients are particularly serious.2 Patients
with hospital admission PU are three times
more likely to be discharged to long- term
care facilities and mortality of these patients is
twice that of patients without hospital admis-
sion PU.3 The cost of treatment of PU is 2.5
times than its prevention, and PU increases
the length of stay in the hospital from 4 to
Strengths and limitations of this study
► This is a systematic review and meta- analysis of
randomised controlled trials.
► This review will be the first to synthesise the ev-
idence regarding the effectiveness of guidelines
used in pressure ulcer prevention for elderly pa-
tients in hospitals and offer the highest level of
evidence for informed decisions on use of Pressure
Ulcer Prevention Practice Guidelines (PUPPG) in
prevention pressure ulcers in the elderly patients in
hospital.
► There may be heterogeneity of interventions used on
eligible studies and incomplete information reported
about the interventions in the literature which could
limit our ability to statistically compare the effective-
ness of interventions.
► The main limitation of this review might be scarcity
of randomised controlled trials on the use of PUPPG
for preventing pressure ulcers in elderly patients,
publication bias and methodological quality of grey
literature that shall be found.
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30 days, decreases quality of life, and increases pain,
morbidity and mortality.4
On international level, hospital- acquired PUs (some-
times called decubitus ulcers) are very common.5
Although many of these cases are preventable, their point
prevalence in Canadian hospitals for example is measured
to be 25.1%.6 Unfortunately, the high rates of such condi-
tion are associated with subsequent high burden on the
healthcare system and the national economy considering
the high cost of their management, and the frequent
occurrence of associated significant morbidity and
mortality.5 According to the Ontario Case Costing Initia-
tive database in 2013 using the European Pressure Ulcer
Advisory Panel (EPUAP) staging system, it was estimated
that the cost of management of stage II ulcer is up to
US$40 000 and can reach more than double this price for
managing a single case of stage IV ulcer.7 A good example
of the burden that PU add to the national economy was
measured in USA; it was estimated that hospital acquired
PUs increase the financial expenses on healthcare systems
between US$6 and US$15 billion annually.8
The National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel (NPUAP),
the EPUAP and the Pan Pacific Pressure Injury Alliance
(PPPIA)9 have defined PU as a ‘lesion or a trauma to the
skin and/or underlying tissue usually over a bony promi-
nence and is the result of undiminished pressure, or pres-
sure combination with shear, friction and moisture’. It is
a degenerative progress attributable to biological tissues
(skin and underlying tissues) being exposed to pressure
and shearing forces. The pressure constrains the proper
8. blood circulation and causes cell death, tissue necrosis
and the development of ulcers.9 While the quality of PU
prevention and treatment has increased considerably
over the past years, PUs remains a global concern because
of its frequency of occurrence and negative consequences
for patients and families as well as for the healthcare
system.10 Incidence of PUs for hospitalised patients
ranges from 9% to 18%, among which the elderly popu-
lation appears to be the most common group to develop
the ulcers.11 At the same time, many elderly patients are
more vulnerable to be ‘stuck’ at a certain stage of PU for
a long period of time and sometimes for the remainder of
their lives.12 This may result in longer length of hospital
stay, heavier burdens for the healthcare system and family
members, worst quality of life for elderly patients, which
may also influence their mental health such as emotional
stability.13 14
NPUAP, EPUAP and PPPIA9 developed the Pressure
Ulcer Prevention Practice Guideline (PUPPG), which
involves a range of evidence- based recommendations for
PUs prevention that could be applied by healthcare profes-
sionals globally. Frequently used PU prevention strategies
recommended in this guideline includes PU risk assess-
ment, regular repositioning, prevention management
plan, appropriate use of support surfaces and protection,
continence management, patient education, skin protec-
tion, nutritional assessment and adequate nutrition.15
It also includes some recommendations specifically for
elderly people—‘protect aged skin from skin injury asso-
ciated with pressure and shear forces’, taking into consid-
eration that an aged person’s skin is vulnerable.15
A number of studies have been conducted on the
implementation of PU prevention strategies among
9. hospitalised patients. One cluster randomised trial
conducted in Canada revealed that multidisciplinary PU
prevention groups are more cost effective than usual care
and yields no significant improvement in the treatment
of PUs.16 Despite the existence of the guidelines on the
prevention of PU, their effective utilisation in preventing
PUs among hospitalised elderly patients varies in settings
and countries. Also, although a number of studies have
assessed strategies used in preventing PUs, there appears
to be little or no information on systematic reviews that
have assessed the effectiveness of guidelines used in PU
prevention for elderly patients in hospitals. This study,
therefore, aims to systematically review studies imple-
menting PU prevention strategies recommended in the
PUPPG for the prevention of PUs among hospitalised
elderly patients globally.
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this review is to assess the effectiveness
of each of the strategies included in the PUPPG guide-
line in reducing the incidence and prevalence of hospital
acquired PUs in hospitalised elderly patients in compar-
ison to no strategy (usual practice), or other strategies.
The review question is: what is the effectiveness of imple-
menting each of the PU prevention strategies included in
the PUPPG in decreasing the incidence and prevalence
of PUs among hospitalised elderly patients compared
with no strategies (basic usual care) or different preven-
tion strategies?
METHODS
Study design
This will be a systematic review and meta- analysis of
published and unpublished studies that have assessed the
use of PU prevention strategies in hospital settings among
hospitalised elderly patients. The systematic review
10. protocol has been developed and reported following
the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews
and Meta- Analyses (PRISMA) criteria (see online supple-
mental appendix 1).17
Inclusion criteria
Population included
This systematic review will focus on studies that involved
all vitally stable (not admitted in the intensive care unit)
bed ridden hospitalised patients aged 60 or above.
Interventions
All studies that assessed the effect of PU preventive strat-
egies found in the PUPPG, that were implemented on
vitally stable bed ridden hospitalised patients aged 60 and
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Open access
above with an aim to decrease the occurrence of PUs, will
be included in this review. Interventions will be limited to
use of risk assessment, skin assessment, skin care, nutri-
tion, position and repositioning, education and training,
and medical devices care.
Comparator
Interventions will be compared with other strategies
to identify the most effective among them and/or will
also be compared with no interventions (regular basic
management).
Outcomes
In this study, the primary outcome will be directly related
to the incidence of the disease among elderly hospitalised
patients (incidence shall be considered as the propor-
tion of hospitalised patients who developed PUs while in
hospital). Included studies must measure study duration
related incidence of the disease and/or its point preva-
lence and /or stage of PU (severity) as a measure of the
12. effectiveness of the preventive strategies.
Types of studies
We will focus only on Quantitative studies—experimental
and quasi- experimental studies. These might include
randomised and non- randomised controlled trials in
addition to comparative and before- and- after studies.
Language
Only studies written in English will be included in this
systematic review.
SEARCH STRATEGY
We will use a three- step strategy to find published and
unpublished studies on PUs and their management. First,
we will conduct an initial search through the Medline
Ovid database using an analysis of text words found in the
title and abstract, and the index terms used to describe
the article. Second, we will use identified keywords and
index terms to search for studies in identified databases.
Finally, we will use the reference list of selected studies
from the first and second searches to look for additional
studies not found in the databases. For this study, we will
consider only studies either published or unpublished in
English.
The databases that shall be searched for this review will
include Medline Ovid, Cumulative Index to Nursing and
Allied Health Literature, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane
library, Scopus and Web of Science. See online supple-
mental appendix 2 for the example searching strategy
and results in Medline (Ovid). All these databases will
provide published studies. To find unpublished studies
on our topic, we will use Google, Grey Literature reports
and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
13. The keywords we will use for our initial searches in
Medline Ovid will include ‘pressure ulcers’, ‘pressure
sore’, ‘bed sore’, ‘pressure injuries’, ‘prevention strate-
gies’, ‘elderly patients’ and ‘hospital’.
Study screening and selection
The titles, abstracts and full text of studies selected for this
study will be reviewed by two independent researchers to
identify studies that potentially meet the inclusion criteria
outlined above. The Covidence software will be used for
title, abstract and full- text screening. After importing
references and inclusion/exclusion criteria into the Covi-
dence software, two independent reviewers will screen
titles of included studies according to the eligible criteria.
Conflicts between those two reviewers will be resolved
through discussion with a third reviewer. The same proce-
dures shall be used for abstract screening. Following the
abstract screening, full texts of these potentially eligible
studies will be retrieved and independently assessed for
eligibility by two reviewers. Any disagreement between
the two reviewers over the eligibility of a particular study
will also be resolved through discussion with the third
reviewer. The process of study selection will be reported
using the PRISMA flow diagram.17
Assessment of methodological quality
Two independent reviewers will be used to assess the
methodological validity of the quantitative papers that
will be selected for retrieval prior to their inclusion in
the review using standard critical appraisal tools from
the Joanna Briggs Institute for Meta- Analysis of Statistics
Assessment and Review Instrument (see online supple-
mental appendix 3). All disagreement between the two
reviewers shall be settled through discussions.
Data extraction
14. After screening and selecting studies, key information
from those studies will be extracted into an excel sheet for
further analysis. We shall use a data extraction tool adapted
from the standardised data extraction tool from the Joanna
Briggs Institute Meta- Analysis of Statistics Assessment and
Review Instrument (JBI- MAStARI). Considering the infor-
mation, we will need for the data synthesis of our study, we
shall use the JBI- MAStARI to develop a data extraction tool
specifically for quantitative research data extraction (see
online supplemental appendix 4). The tool will be used to
extract: (1) Study characteristics of reviewed papers, such
as authors, year of publication, journal; (2) Methods of the
study, including study design (randomised control trial
(RCT), quasi- RCT, longitudinal, retrospective), research
purpose and/or questions; (3) participant characteristics,
country where the study took place, setting, population,
sample size, age, sex, ethnicity, socioeconomic status and/
or education level; (4) PU prevention strategies used in
experimental group and control group (if applicable),
(5) outcome measures and results and (6) conclusions of
reviewed papers and any comments from reviewers. Two
reviewers will independently perform data extraction.
Authors of reviewed papers will be contacted in case of
any missing details about their studies.
Data synthesis
A meta‐analysis of outcomes combining various studies
included in the review shall be done. We will assess
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4 Wung Buh A, et al. BMJ Open 2021;11:e043042.
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statistical heterogeneity with I2, which will indicate the
percentage of the total variation across studies: 0%–40%
low heterogeneity, 30%–60% moderate heterogeneity,
50%–90% may represent substantial heterogeneity and
16. 75%–100% is considerable heterogeneity. If there is a
substantial amount of heterogeneity (75%), then sources
of heterogeneity will be examined through subgroup
and sensitivity analyses. We will also use χ2 test to test the
heterogeneity and consider p<0.05 as statistically signifi-
cant. A fixed‐effects model will be selected for significant
homogeneous studies; otherwise we will apply a random‐
effects model. All outcomes will be summarised using
ORs and 95% CI. An OR <1 will represent a lower rate of
outcome among the group of patients who were treated
following the guidelines. Publication bias will be assessed
by visual inspections of funnel plots and Egger’s test.
We will also provide a narrative synthesis of the find-
ings from the included studies. The narrative synthesis
shall be structured by describing the studies according to
the type of intervention used. This will include the three
categories of interventions recommend in the PUPPG
guideline9:
1. Prevention of PUs, including risk factors and risk as-
sessment, skin and tissue assessment, preventive skin
care and emerging therapies for prevention of PUs.
2. Interventions for prevention and treatment of PUs,
such as nutrition in PU prevention and treatment, re-
positioning and early mobilisation, repositioning to
prevent and treat PUs, support surface and medical
device- related PUs.
3. Treatment of PUs, for example, assessment of PUs and
monitoring of healing, pain assessment and treatment,
wound care, assessment and treatment of infection
and biofilms, wound dressings for treatment of PUs
and surgery for PUs. Results will be presented in tables,
figures and graphs, followed by discussion.
17. Publication bias will be assessed in all analyses synthe-
sising 10 or more studies to ensure adequate power in
the analysis.18 For investigation of the effect of small
studies and publication bias, data from included stud-
ies will be entered into a funnel plot asymmetry test if
we have at least 10 studies in the meta- analysis. Egger’s
statistical test will be implemented using STATA/SE
V.13 (StataCorp). The quality of supporting evidence
will be assessed by the Grades of Recommendation,
Assessment, Development and Evaluation.19
Patient and public involvement
No patient involved.
Ethics and dissemination
This review will only use published literature and will
not recruit participants. Therefore, no formal ethical
approval or consent is necessary. It is anticipated that
this systematic review will provide a detailed summary
of the evidence of the effectiveness of the PUPPG in
preventing the occurrence of PUs among elderly patients
in hospital. It is also expected that the study will provide
recommendations on the best PU preventive strategies
applicable in healthcare settings. We aim to publish the
research findings in a peer- reviewed scientific journal to
promote knowledge transfer, as well as in various media,
such as: conferences, seminars, congresses or symposia in
a traditional manner.
Author affiliations
1Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of
Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario,
Canada
2School of Epidemiology and Public Health, Faculty of
Medicine, University of
18. Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
3School of Nursing, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario,
Canada
4Xiangya School of Nursing, Central South University,
Changsha, Hunan, China
5Department of Radiology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa,
Ontario, Canada
6Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research
Institute, Ottawa,
Ontario, Canada
Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank Lindsey
Sikora (librarian) for
counselling in developing the searching strategies.
Contributors AWB, HM and WC contributed to the conception
of the research
question and writing of the protocol. HM, AWB, WC, MDFM
and DAF contributed to
the development of search strategies, eligibility criteria and
methodology for data
synthesis. HM, AWB, WC, MDFM and DAF contributed to
drafting of the protocol and
provided approval for the final version of this protocol. HM,
AWB and WC will work
in duplicate to screen the titles and abstracts of all the materials
obtained using
the search strategy to exclude the articles that do not meet the
eligibility criteria.
HM, AWB and WC will evaluate the potentially eligible studies
with the full text and
further exclude studies with documentation of the reason for
exclusion. All authors
will contribute to the bias assessment strategy and data
extraction criteria. HM,
AWB and WC will independently extract data from the included
19. studies. HM, AWB
and WC will analyse the data and draft the manuscript. All
authors will read, provide
feedback and approve the final manuscript.
Funding This work was supported by Hunan Provincial Key
Laboratory of
Nursing, grant number (2017TP1004), Hunan Provincial Science
and Technology
Department, China.
Competing interests None declared.
Patient consent for publication Not required.
Provenance and peer review Not commissioned; externally peer
reviewed.
Supplemental material This content has been supplied by the
author(s). It has
not been vetted by BMJ Publishing Group Limited (BMJ) and
may not have been
peer- reviewed. Any opinions or recommendations discussed are
solely those
of the author(s) and are not endorsed by BMJ. BMJ disclaims all
liability and
responsibility arising from any reliance placed on the content.
Where the content
includes any translated material, BMJ does not warrant the
accuracy and reliability
of the translations (including but not limited to local
regulations, clinical guidelines,
terminology, drug names and drug dosages), and is not
responsible for any error
and/or omissions arising from translation and adaptation or
otherwise.
20. Open access This is an open access article distributed in
accordance with the
Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY- NC
4.0) license, which
permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work
non- commercially,
and license their derivative works on different terms, provided
the original work is
properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made
indicated, and the use
is non- commercial. See: http:// creativecommons. org/ licenses/
by- nc/ 4. 0/.
ORCID iDs
Wenjun Chen http:// orcid. org/ 0000- 0001- 5398- 8508
Dean A Fergusson http:// orcid. org/ 0000- 0002- 3389- 2485
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10 Chaboyer W, Bucknall T, Gillespie B, et al. Adherence to
evidence-
based pressure injury prevention guidelines in routine clinical
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11 Bredesen IM, Bjøro K, Gunningberg L, et al. The
prevalence,
prevention and multilevel variance of pressure ulcers in
Norwegian
hospitals: a cross- sectional study. Int J Nurs Stud 2015;52:149–
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12 Garcia AD, Thomas DR. Assessment and management of
chronic
pressure ulcers in the elderly. Med Clin North Am 2006;90:925–
44.
13 Chiari P, Forni C, Guberti M, et al. Predictive factors for
pressure
ulcers in an older adult population hospitalized for hip
fractures: a
prognostic cohort study. PLoS One 2017;12:e0169909.
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health- of-
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prevention
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19 Guyatt GH, Oxman AD, Vist GE, et al. Grade: an emerging
consensus
on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations.
BMJ
2008;336:924–6.
on N
ovem
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rotected by copyright.
25. http://bm
jopen.bm
j.com
/
B
M
J O
pen: first published as 10.1136/bm
jopen-2020-043042 on 12 M
arch 2021. D
ow
nloaded from
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare3030574
http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/CCID.S186381
http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-158-5-201303051-00008
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15509880
http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/jowc.2013.22.7.341
http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/jowc.2013.22.7.341
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.det.2011.08.005
https://www.npuap.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/Updated-
10-16-14-Quick-Reference-Guide-DIGITAL-NPUAP-EPUAP-
PPPIA-16Oct2014.pdf
https://www.npuap.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/Updated-
10-16-14-Quick-Reference-Guide-DIGITAL-NPUAP-EPUAP-
PPPIA-16Oct2014.pdf
https://www.npuap.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/Updated-
10-16-14-Quick-Reference-Guide-DIGITAL-NPUAP-EPUAP-
PPPIA-16Oct2014.pdf
27. _____________________________________________________
______________________
_____________________________________________________
______________________
_____________________________________________________
______________________
Synopsis
What was the purpose of the study (research questions,
purposes, and hypotheses)?
How was the sample obtained?
What inclusion or exclusion criteria were used?
Who from the sample actually participated or contributed data
(demographic or clinical profile and dropout rate)?
What methods were used to collect data (e.g., sequence, timing,
types of data, and measures)?
Was an intervention tested?
1. How was the sample size determined?
2. Were patients randomly assigned to treatment groups?
What are the main findings?
Credibility
Is the study published in a source
that required peer review?
*Did the data obtained and the
analysis conducted answer the
research question?
Were the measuring instruments
reliable and valid?
*Were important extraneous
variables and bias controlled?
*If an intervention was tested,
answer the following five questions:
clear
1. Were participants randomly
assigned to groups and were
the two groups similar at the
start (before the intervention)?
28. 2. Were the interventions well
defined and consistently
delivered?
3. Were the groups treated
equally other than the
difference in interventions?
4. If no difference was found, was
the sample size large enough
to detect a difference if one existed?
clear
5. If a difference was found, are
you confident it was due to the
intervention?
Are the findings consistent with
findings from other studies?
clear
Are the findings credible?
Clinical Significance
Note any difference in means, r2s, or measures of clinical
effects (ABI, NNT, RR, OR)
*Is the target population clearly
described?
*Is the frequency, association, or
treatment effect impressive enough
for you to be confident that the finding
would make a clinical difference if used
as the basis for care?
Are the findings
clinically significant?
* = Important criteria
Comments
_____________________________________________________
______________________
_____________________________________________________
29. ______________________
_____________________________________________________
______________________
APP F-2 Brown
Brown APP F-1
2
Role Reversals: Understanding Our Gendered Selves
Section 1
1. Summary of Proposed Act
Typically, most men tend to shy away from unnecessary
interactions and communications as they prefer to enjoy their
space. The perception has been across most communities over
the years as individuals feel that too many interactions is linked
to feminism. With such bias perceptions, I decide to challenge
myself in the “playing-with-gender act”. I was motivated to
increase my engagement level throughout my gender reversal,
30. notably at work by initiating talks. Therefore, my action was
specifically predicated on altering the way I normally interact
and direct talks. I initiated this modification upon my morning
arrival to the office. I welcomed all my coworkers. The morning
also included a staff meeting during which I delivered my
performance. I tried something new by serving as the meeting's
facilitator for my first time since joining the firm. I was
responsible for ensuring that all participants had the opportunity
to voice their thoughts about debate. I also expressed my
opinion on the matter at the conclusion of the meeting.
2 & 3: Description of the Search
While looking for quality reviewed articles for my task, I
considered the most applicable catchphrases that drove me to
get to the most pertinent articles to the subject I am handling
for this task. The key terms I considered incorporate interaction
and gender during the examination. Inside 0.13 seconds, I got
44,578 outcomes. Getting such countless outcomes had two
ramifications for me. From one perspective, I was relieved on
the grounds that I realized I would not battle to track down
some good articles for finishing my task. Then again, I realized
I had a big task, to sifter through the numerous articles, to
choose the most significant articles to use for my task. Thus, I
needed to limit my examination by adjusting the timeline from
2011-2022 and several keywords as well then the outcomes
decreased to 10789. It was simple for me to choose two
applicable articles on the grounds that the site organized them
properly.
.4: Full References of Selected Articles
1. Sherrod, D. (2018). The bonds of men: Problems and
possibilities in close male
relationships. In The making of masculinities.
2. Williams, S. A., & O’Donnell, N. (2016). Becoming a person
of dialogue. Journal for Perspectives of Economic Political and
Social Integration, 22(1-2), 275–289.
https://doi.org/10.1515/pepsi-2016-0014
Section 2
31. Williams, S. A., & O’Donnell, N. (2016). Becoming a person of
dialogue. Journal for Perspectives of Economic Political and
Social Integration, 22(1-2), 275–289.
https://doi.org/10.1515/pepsi-2016-0014
The analysis above affirms that there has been a gradual change
in the way men are approaching social life at work. More and
more men are starting to see the importance of networking and
building relationships with colleagues. However, many men still
feel hesitant to engage in social activities because they fear
coming across as weak or too feminine. These feelings are
slowly disappearing as more companies incorporate social
activities into their corporate policies and encourage employees
to spend more time with each other outside of the office
(Williams & O’Donnell, 2016). Men who embrace this type of
environment tend to perform better at work because they are
constantly learning new things and meeting new and interesting
people. There are many benefits to building a strong network of
colleagues and friends at work. One of the main benefits is that
it can help increase job satisfaction and make the workplace
more enjoyable. It can also make the job more interesting and
help break the monotony of everyday work. Social activities can
also help improve communication and interpersonal skills. It is
a great way to foster stronger relationships with colleagues and
make more meaningful connections. Companies that integrate
social activities into their corporate policies have many
benefits. First, it helps promote a healthier work environment
and encourages employees to build more personal relationships
with their co-workers. Second, it promotes team spirit and gives
employees the opportunity to interact with one another in a
more relaxed environment. Besides, men ought to be active in
networking as it promotes better communication between
employees and helps them work together more effectively.
Finally, it allows managers to get to know their employees on a
personal and professional level and makes the company feel
more like family and less like a business. Despite its many
benefits, there are still a few drawbacks to integrating social
32. activities into the workplace.
One of the biggest concerns is that most male employees may
feel uncomfortable participating in these activities and feel as
though they are being pressured to build relationships. This can
make them feel anxious and uncomfortable and as a result,
discourage them from forming genuine relationships. Another
concern is the fact that some people just do not like to socialize
and would rather spend all of their time working alone instead.
As a result, they may feel reluctant to take part in company
events and extracurricular activities even though they are
offered for free. Ultimately, it is important to have a good
balance between work and play to promote productivity and
maintain a healthy work-life balance. Working long hours
without a break can be detrimental to both your physical and
mental health. As a result, it is important to set limits on how
long you should work each day and take the time to relax and
unwind in the evening by spending time with friends and
family. In addition, it is important to take a break from your
busy schedule every now and then to enjoy life outside of work
and have fun. By incorporating more social activities into your
workday, you will be able to strike a healthy balance between
your work and personal life and maintain a high level of
productivity without having to put in countless hours of
overtime every day.
Section 3
Sherrod, D. (2018). The bonds of men: Problems and
possibilities in close male relationships. In The making of
masculinities.
Sherrod’s editorial affirms that there is a prevailing idea that
men are more inclined to act boldly and take risks than women.
This is partly true, but it doesn't explain why men often shy
away from unnecessary interactions and communications. There
are a number of reasons for this behavior, some of which can
largely be attributed to biology and others that can be explained
33. by cultural conditioning. Biologically, men tend to be more
attuned to potential danger and risk than women, partly due to
the testosterone that their bodies produce. This means that when
interacting with new people or situations, men are more likely
to rely on their gut instincts than on logic and reason, which can
make them less likely to engage in social interactions that are
unnecessary or a waste of time. This can result in men having
fewer close friends than women and generally interacting less
with others. Men also tend to have a stronger drive for
independence than women and are therefore less likely to seek
social support from others. These factors all play a role in
creating a world in which men tend to be reserved and less
likely to seek out contact with others than they might otherwise
like to be.
A combination of biology and culture also plays a role in
shaping the way that men interact with one another. The male
social hierarchy in our society tends to reinforce the idea that
men should be tough and independent, and that women should
take care of their needs by taking care of their families. As a
result of this societal pressure, men are socialized to be less
concerned with the needs of others than they are with their own.
Such feelings make it difficult for them to understand or
empathize with other people's experiences or feelings, which in
turn leads to a lack of sensitivity and a reluctance to offer
emotional support to others when they need it most (Sherrod,
2018). As a result, many men are reluctant to reach out to other
men for support, which can sometimes lead them to feel isolated
and vulnerable when they are dealing with difficult emotional
issues. While our culture has come a long way in recognizing
the value of helping and supporting one another, there is still a
lot of work to be done in order to break down the barriers that
prevent men from reaching out for emotional support when they
need it most.
From the article, it’s pretty evident that biological
predisposition to be sensitive to potential threats and take risks
when necessary serves them well in many circumstances.
34. However, it can lead to unnecessary conflict and isolation if it
becomes the driving force behind all of their decisions and
actions. Many men struggle to balance their natural tendency
towards independence and decisiveness with the need to listen
to their feelings and communicate with others in a positive
manner. Therapy can help teach them how to be compassionate
towards themselves and prioritize their own needs while still
maintaining their sense of strength and independence.
References
Sherrod, D. (2018). The bonds of men: Problems and
possibilities in close male relationships. In The making of
masculinities.
Williams, S. A., & O’Donnell, N. (2016). Becoming a person of
dialogue. Journal for Perspectives of Economic Political and
Social Integration, 22(1-2), 275–289.
https://doi.org/10.1515/pepsi-2016-0014
2
35. Role Reversals: Understanding My Playing-with-Gender Act
Section 1: Performed Act
Having realized that most men shy away from unnecessary
interactions and communications, I designed an act contrary to
this in the office. Upon arrival at the office in the morning, I
sought to increase my interaction with others. My act was that I
reversed how I interacted with other people and moved away
from my normal know self to a more plastic construed self. I
started by initiating modifications in the office to prepare for
performing the act. In the staff meeting, I was the facilitator,
and I did ensure that I welcomed all the members who were in
for the meeting. I presented my part throughout the discussion,
ensuring that all those who were in for the meeting made their
submissions in the meeting.
As concerns the preparation for this act, I had made some
practice actions before I came for this activity. I equipped
myself with skills in communication techniques, listening, and
being open-minded. I also gained ideas on the skills needed of a
36. person when leading dialogues since it was majorly what was to
happen during the meeting that I was to lead in the office.
Through random searches on speech presentations in google, I
was able to gain the most relevant techniques that I would
employ for the act performance. Further, ideas on attention-
grabbing and fascinating modalities of speech presentation have
also been helpful to me in the presentation of the said speech to
the audience.
In the performance of my speech, I noticed that members paid
much attention to the way I talked and were able to maintain
eye contact with me, having realized the new version of me that
had come before them. Mack et al. (2005) argues that observing
and participating are integral to understanding the breadth and
complexities of the human experience. This was the case with
my session in that we learned from each other through the two
modalities. I also observed that as I presented my speech, many
of the members nodded appropriately, showing that they agreed
with what I was presenting to them. They were able to ask
questions about the speech and the contribution I had made
during the speech. Many of them smiled at me, meaning that
they had likened to what I presented, after which they gave a
clap on my speech. However, there was also a challenge in
writing data in that all of those that were near me noticed that I
was moving at a faster pace and were unable to catch up with
everything I said throughout the session (Mack et al. 2005, pg
14)
However, I could have done more better by doing what I was
putting on less official clothing to increase interactivity. Mack
et al. (2005, pg. 19) argues that focusing on physical attributes
and their appearance is very important in the interaction. I
would also have employed my body language and gestures to
make the session livelier and signaling. I think I would also be
able to institute more rules for the meeting such that there
would be no moving in or out across the room in the course
meeting to increase concentration.
Section 2: Impact of the Act
37. The session when carrying out this activity was very interactive
as seen with other members present in the interaction. One of
the responses that were key in the intersection at this
presentation was that members nodded, and others could ask
questions which I clarified at the end of the presentation.
Williams & O’Donnell (2016) argues that more and more men
can see the importance of networking and creating networks and
interaction. This is just as seen in the discussion in the said
forum. Unlike previously, I interacted with men who could
share more on issues surrounding the topic in question. In
addition to this, and as per the arguments of the authors, the
discussions were more enjoyable and interesting as the
discussion went on. This was a form of social activity that the
authors argue that companies can start for their members to
interact with each other and promote teamwork. In addition,
some of the male members still felt that it was uncommon for
men to prepare the ground for which to meet, a situation
traditionally reserved for the female gender and which these
colleagues thought that it should have been taken up by a
woman.
In addition, aspects such as biology and sexuality were
determinant factors in this said interaction with this act. Some
of the members were reluctant to speak, and others still
maintained a low profile throughout the meeting. Men are
attuned to their biology and the production of testosterone,
which may turn many of their interactive chaotic, a reason why
they tend to carry their own with few friends. This played out
during the interaction since many of them failed to reach out for
the interaction and participated by using shorter duration and
being more focused on getting done with their contribution to
getting seated. Silver et al. (2019) show that feminist
identification of men focuses on men who identify or those
whose goals align with feminine ideals. This was, however, not
a feminist act since it was a simulation to understand how
others take the issues of men taking on roles that are not
traditionally reserved for them. However, others may take a
38. position that it was a feministic approach to the same and hence
may be for the ideas that this was an act of feminism. It can be
seen that, to some extent, those supporting men's involvement in
feminist approaches engage in feminist activism. This act could
not be classified as such since it was an observational study
actually the role of gender roles in society and how they have
shaped how men take on certain issues, especially with being
outgoing, caring, and making new connections.
However, the act was, apart from simulation, an act that could
be seen as activism. This is because it sought to challenge the
existing norms on how men take certain behaviors. It quashes
the existing belief that men cannot form networks and bring
them as capable of taking on activities similar to those of
females. These ideas are like those proposed by (Williams et al,
2016). The creation of these networks is key to improving how
people, especially men interact in the workplace. The fact that
most of the participants did participate in the discussion, asked
a question, and appreciated the new approach, which I took
through the discussion, is a fact that this act was one that
created a social change. It was a short one to create the
awakening that men could still do some acts that have long been
associated with or assigned to the female gender. The act was a
way of making known to the participants that sometimes, some
existing norms about the disconnect between men and female
are just some fixated actions or situations that can be easily
challenged by making changes in how we act. It is not the role
of the female gender to take some given roles, but any role
worth sharing can be carried along by any individual
irrespective of gender. It challenges the objectivation and the
misrepresentations over time that come with different genders
and allows members to have their eyes opened to the real issues
with gender than the construed ones.
39. References
Mack et al. (2005). "Module Two: Participant Observation,"
from
Qualitative Research Methods: A Data Collector's Field
Guide, Family Health International. Read Module 2, pages 13-
27. Retrieved from
https://www.fhi360.org/sites/default/files/media/documents/Qua
litative%20Research%20Methods%20-
%20A%20Data%20Collector's%20Field%20Guide.pdf
Sherrod, D. (2018). The bonds of men: Problems and
possibilities in close male relationships. In The making of
masculinities.
Silver, E. R., Chadwick, S. B., & van Anders, S. M. (2019).
Feminist identity in men: Masculinity, gender roles, and sexual
approaches in feminist, non-feminist, and unsure men.
Sex Roles: A Journal of Research, 80(5-6), 277–290.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-018-0932-6
Williams, S. A., & O’Donnell, N. (2016). Becoming a person of
dialogue. Journal for
Perspectives of Economic Political and Social Integration, 22(1-
2), 275–289.
https://doi.org/10.1515/pepsi-2016-0014
1
2
40. Playing-with-Gender Act Proposal (Part 2 of Applied Final
Project)
Typically, most men tend to shy away from unnecessary
interactions and communications as they prefer to enjoy their
space. The perception has been across most communities over
the years as individuals feel that too much interactions is linked
to feminism. With such bias perceptions, I decide to challenge
myself in the “playing-with-gender act”. I was motivated to
increase my engagement level throughout my gender reversal,
notably at work by initiating talks. Therefore, my action was
specifically predicated on altering the manner in which I
normally interact and direct talks. I initiated this modification
upon my morning arrival to the office. I welcomed all of my
coworkers. The morning also included a staff meeting during
which I delivered my performance. I tried something new by
serving as the meeting's facilitator for my first time since
joining the firm. I was responsible for ensuring that all
participants had the opportunity to voice their thoughts on the
subject of debate. I also expressed my opinion on the matter at
the conclusion of the meeting.
My preparations for this day included working on my
41. presentation skills, such as quasi communication techniques,
listening, and keeping an open mind. I was ready. In addition, I
had acquired knowledge on the interaction abilities that may be
utilized by an individual when leading dialogues. I was able to
acquire these capabilities by obtaining the material that is
contained on online sites that provide an overview of how
speeches are presented. I also viewed videos that break down
the most effective ways to deliver fascinating and attention-
grabbing presentations to large groups of people.
1
2
My Gendered Story
42. Gender and Gender Roles
Gender refers to socially constructed traits of men and boys or
women and girls. They include all the roles or behaviors that
are associated with a man or women in the society (Maclaran
and Chatzidakis, 2022). On the other hand, gender roles refer
how the society expects us to live, speak, act or conduct
ourselves based on our sex or gender. Gendered institutions
refer to institutions that fight for gender equality and ensure
that men and women are given equal opportunities. Social
constructions refer to the culture, norms and ideas that people
have learned and hence, incorporated in their daily life.
Societies have different construction and expectations. As Katz
and O'Barr (2019) observe, some societies are striving to
promote gender equality between men and women. Others, some
indigenous communities are still holding upon their primitive
ideas that men are superior to women. This paper will discuss
the concept of gender and activities that define our
responsibilities as either men or women.
The concept of gender and gender roles has played a key
part in shaping my daily routine. I have always seen myself as a
person who is responsible and who should take responsibilities
seriously. In the morning, I have to ensure that my house is neat
and well-organized. When I wake up in the morning, I have to
prepare my bed and clean the house as part of my job
description. As Katz and O'Barr (2019) state, this helps to have
clear peace of mind and focus on other daily goals. Secondly, I
also have to ensure that my family is well-taken care of. During
school days, I have to prepare the children. I ensure that I bathe
them in the morning and also prepare breakfast for them before
they leave for school. Despite these daily tasks, I feel proud of
my gender because it helps me to fit into society. Maclaran and
Chatzidakis (2022) observe that our roles and responsibilities in
society help to define who we are. Therefore, I am most
comfortable with my gender roles.
43. On the other hand, I always like to use beauty products since
they give a sense of confidence. I always like to enhance my
skin by having nice clothes, shoes, and other fashion trends. As
Maclaran and Chatzidakis (2022) state, the majority of fashion
products also help us to have confidence and also integrate into
modern society. It also helps me to have a sense of confidence
when I am close to my peers. Every time I visit a beauty shop, I
am always keen to identify new design products. I believe that I
belong to this modern society that is constantly changing. My
gender roles and responsibilities have also shaped how I interact
with other members of society. I believe that I am still a youth
and therefore, I try to get along with all the members of society.
Since I was young, my parents have always taught me to have
etiquette, especially with adults. Therefore, I always ensure that
I greet or socialize with other society members. As Katz and
O'Barr (2019) state, this helps to create cohesion and also helps
one to earn the respect of others. Moreover, I have always
valued the concept of gender equity. Hence, I always believe
that men and women are equal. In our school, I am the class
representative and therefore, I represent the interest of both men
and women equally.
In all the institutions that I have worked in, they are gendered
towards equality and fairness. In our school, the roles of men
and women are equal and everyone is given an equal chance to
perform or excel. Women play similar games to men and they
are also graded on an equal platform as men. This is what I
value about gender conformity in our institutions. On the other
hand, I also believe that gender informs the largest and smallest
decisions in my everyday life. First, I always believe that we
are all equal, both men and women. Therefore, when I interact
with the opposite gender, I always treat them as I do people of
my gender. I always try to be respectful and always interact
positively with my friends from all genders. Secondly, the
concept of gender equity also helps me to choose the type of
institution or the people I associate with. I don’t associate with
institutions or people who don’t value the concept of gender
44. equality. Katz and O'Barr (2019) state that in the modern era,
we need to avoid institutions or people with ‘primitive ideas’
and this includes those who don’t value gender equality.
To conclude, the concept of gender and gender roles has
shaped our lives and also altered our culture. The course
materials have helped me understand my roles and
responsibilities in line with my gender. Moreover, I have
learned to love in harmony with my family members and also
take care of the needs of all people including my family.
However, I also believe that both genders and equal, and if
people understood their roles and their positions in society, we
can transform our societies for the better.
References
Katz, J., & O'Barr, W. M. (2019).
Masculinities and the Media: An Interview with Activist
Jackson Katz. Advertising & Society Quarterly, 20(2).
Maclaran, P., & Chatzidakis, A. (2022).
Introduction: an overview of gendered marketing. Gendered
Marketing, 1-20.