2
Annotated Bibliography
3164 words
Rough Draft on Infection Control
by
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Infection Control
1
Introduction of the Paper
Background
According to various reports by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, a significant number of lives are lost each passing year due to the spread of infections in hospitals that could otherwise have been prevented (Alp & Damani, 2015). Therefore, effort geared towards understanding infection control plays a significant role in reducing the otherwise unnecessary loss of lives. Infection control entails the power to directly prevent or determine the spread of infections with the aim of avoiding it (Berríos-Torres, et al., 2017). Indeed, the pathological state resulting from the invasion of the body by pathogenic microorganisms has far-reaching consequences. While so much has been done to prevent its spread, there is still a lot more to be done. This research paper intends to focus on Healthcare-associated Infections and how it can be prevented if not eliminated altogether.
Statement of the Problem
Healthcare-Associated Infections are a common occurrence in the modern healthcare setting resulting in huge financial losses and loss of lives. According to the Office of Disease Prevention and Healthcare Promotion (ODPHP), these are infections that patients contract while receiving treatment in a medical facility. Percival, Suleman, Vuotto & Donelli, (2015) pointed out that its prevalence is as a result of the employment of invasive devices and procedures meant to treat patients and to help them recover. While most of them are accidental in nature, they still remain to be seen as accidents that could have been prevented. The US government, through the establishment of Healthy People 2020 and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) have taken a lead role in spreading the news on infection control. To that effect, recent research reveals that there could be a 70% reduction in infections by implementing existing prevention practices. This translates to a financial benefit estimated to be $31.5 billion in medical cost savings (ODPHP, 2019). Understanding these prevention measures should, therefore, be a priority to all healthcare practitioners. That is why this research study intends to shade more light on nosocomial infections. These are infections that occur within 48 hours upon admission into a hospital. They can also occur in three days of discharge or 30 days of operation. They affect one in every 10 patients admitted in a hospital (Khan, Baig & Mehboob, 2017; Suleyman, & Alangaden, 2016).
Rationale for addressing the issue
Addressing this issue is important to the health sector from a political, social as well as environmental perspective. As a matter of fact, its impact will be on a short term, interim basis and long term basis. Politically, health has always been a major subject of concern as it is used by voters to determi.
2
Annotated Bibliography
3164 words
Rough Draft on Infection Control
by
Submitted to
Semester
Date
Contact
Address
Phone
Email
Infection Control
1
Introduction of the Paper
Background
According to various reports by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, a significant number of lives are lost each passing year due to the spread of infections in hospitals that could otherwise have been prevented (Alp & Damani, 2015). Therefore, effort geared towards understanding infection control plays a significant role in reducing the otherwise unnecessary loss of lives. Infection control entails the power to directly prevent or determine the spread of infections with the aim of avoiding it (Berríos-Torres, et al., 2017). Indeed, the pathological state resulting from the invasion of the body by pathogenic microorganisms has far-reaching consequences. While so much has been done to prevent its spread, there is still a lot more to be done. This research paper intends to focus on Healthcare-associated Infections and how it can be prevented if not eliminated altogether.
Statement of the Problem
Healthcare-Associated Infections are a common occurrence in the modern healthcare setting resulting in huge financial losses and loss of lives. According to the Office of Disease Prevention and Healthcare Promotion (ODPHP), these are infections that patients contract while receiving treatment in a medical facility. Percival, Suleman, Vuotto & Donelli, (2015) pointed out that its prevalence is as a result of the employment of invasive devices and procedures meant to treat patients and to help them recover. While most of them are accidental in nature, they still remain to be seen as accidents that could have been prevented. The US government, through the establishment of Healthy People 2020 and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) have taken a lead role in spreading the news on infection control. To that effect, recent research reveals that there could be a 70% reduction in infections by implementing existing prevention practices. This translates to a financial benefit estimated to be $31.5 billion in medical cost savings (ODPHP, 2019). Understanding these prevention measures should, therefore, be a priority to all healthcare practitioners. That is why this research study intends to shade more light on nosocomial infections. These are infections that occur within 48 hours upon admission into a hospital. They can also occur in three days of discharge or 30 days of operation. They affect one in every 10 patients admitted in a hospital (Khan, Baig & Mehboob, 2017; Suleyman, & Alangaden, 2016).
Rationale for addressing the issue
Addressing this issue is important to the health sector from a political, social as well as environmental perspective. As a matter of fact, its impact will be on a short term, interim basis and long term basis. Politically, health has always been a major subject of concern as it is used by voters to determi.
18
Annotated Bibliography
3164 words
Rough Draft on Infection Control
by
Submitted to
Semester
Date
Contact
Address
Phone
Email
Infection Control
2
Introduction of the Paper
Background
According to various reports by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, a significant number of lives are lost each passing year due to the spread of infections in hospitals that could otherwise have been prevented. 3 Therefore, effort geared towards understanding infection control plays a significant role in reducing the otherwise unnecessary loss of lives. Infection control entails the power to directly prevent or determine the spread of infections with the aim of avoiding it. 4 Indeed, the pathological state resulting from the invasion of the body by pathogenic microorganisms has far-reaching consequences. While so much has been done to prevent its spread, there is still a lot more to be done. This research paper intends to focus on Healthcare-associated Infections and how it can be prevented if not eliminated altogether.
Statement of the Problem
Healthcare-Associated Infections are a common occurrence in the modern healthcare setting resulting in huge financial losses and loss of lives. According to the Office of Disease Prevention and Healthcare Promotion (ODPHP), these are infections that patients contract while receiving treatment in a medical facility. Percival, Suleman, Vuotto & Donelli, (2015) pointed out that its prevalence is as a result of the employment of invasive devices and procedures meant to treat patients and to help them recover. 6 While most of them are accidental in nature, they still remain to be seen as accidents that could have been prevented. The US government, through the establishment of Healthy People 2020 and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) have taken a lead role in spreading the news on infection control. To that effect, recent research reveals that there could be a 70% reduction in infections by implementing existing prevention practices. This translates to a financial benefit estimated to be $31.5 billion in medical cost savings (ODPHP, 2019). Understanding these prevention measures should, therefore, be a priority to all healthcare practitioners. That is why this research study intends to shade more light on nosocomial infections. These are infections that occur within 48 hours upon admission into a hospital. They can also occur in three days of discharge or 30 days of operation. They affect one in every 10 patients admitted in a hospital. 5, 7
The rationale for addressing the issue
Addressing this issue is important to the health sector from a political, social as well as environmental perspective. As a matter of fact, its impact will be on a short term, interim basis and long term basis. Politically, health has always been a major subject of concern as it is used by voters to determine how best an administration has taken care of their needs. Establishing an infection contro.
How To Prepare for Emerging Infectious Diseases and Pandemic.pdfauroraaudrey4826
The emergence of infectious diseases and the threat they pose to global health have garnered
significant attention in recent years. The world has witnessed the devastating impact of outbreaks such
as Ebola, Zika, and, most notably, the COVID-19 pandemic. As our interconnected world continues to
evolve, understanding emerging infectious diseases and implementing effective pandemic preparedness
strategies becomes paramount. In this article, we will explore the nature of emerging infectious
diseases, examine the factors contributing to their rise, delve into the importance of proactive pandemic
preparedness measures, and discuss the lessons learned from past outbreaks to safeguard global health.
How To Prepare for Emerging Infectious Diseases and Pandemic.pdfbellabrookly2022
The emergence of infectious diseases and the threat they pose to global health have garnered significant attention in recent years. The world has witnessed the devastating impact of outbreaks such as Ebola, Zika, and, most notably, the COVID-19 pandemic. As our interconnected world continues to evolve, understanding emerging infectious diseases and implementing effective pandemic preparedness strategies becomes paramount. In this article, we will explore the nature of emerging infectious diseases, examine the factors contributing to their rise, delve into the importance of proactive pandemic preparedness measures, and discuss the lessons learned from past outbreaks to safeguard global health.
EMS responders to pandemic influenza
EMS responders to pandemic influenza (Red Crescent) in Saudi Arabia
Emergency service providers and agencies alike participate in life-saving activities every day. Workers in these agencies provide assistance in daily emergency situations, transporting and treating patients in various situations. Their input in the medical process is incontrovertible as they ensure the welfare of the patient.
The healthcare sector is exposed to varying infections despite the availability of multiple disinfection procedures. Contamination remains a significant issue to the EMS responders as ambulances become a constant source of various pathogenic bacteria as a result of transporting patients from emergency scenes to the medical facilities. The transportation procedure creates a situation where the paramedics as well as the patient are exposed to the pathogens, a majority of which may be infectious (Reed, et al., 1993). Although there are various safeguards and disposable equipment which reduce the risk to the medical staff, the transportation process remains susceptible to contamination from blood and infectious substance. The result of these infections on the EMS in Saudi Arabia specifically is significant, as estimated 35 to 45 medical providers have been infected .
The ambulance service managed by the Red Crescent is the source of focus for this project for its lack of policy and guidelines on the pre-hospital process. Precautions such as disinfection and sterilization can often not be accompanied by corresponding infection control procedures. Currently in the Kingdom, there are over 5, 000 EMS staff using approximately 1,400 ambulances, and they are all at risk (Reed, et al., 1993). To ensure effective control of possible infections, a significantly holistic approach is required; one which is evidence-based and also cost-effective. Comment by Microsoft Office User: Look at the year of this reference – is it the same in 2018 as it was in 1993 – I think not
Problem Statement
Inadequate policies and interventions or personal failures of the emergency medical services team are a facilitator for infections among the healthcare workers. Comment by Steve Parrillo: How do you plan to apply this to disasters and MCIs? Comment by Microsoft Office User: expand
Description of the Problem
The requirement for disaster medicine is more crucial than ever before with diseases such as MERS affecting areas deemed disaster-prone. Medical workers and emergency service providers at large require the evidence as a stepping stone to new decisions and measures involving medical care for health workers. EMS in Saudi Arabia has faced its fair share of challenges, with a number of its employees contracting the deadly virus MERS. EMS plans to use this information in creating effective influenza plans which will enhance its existing operational protocols. Comment by Microsoft Office User: ref and supporting detai ...
Proposed Protocol for Improving Staff Nurses` Awareness and Self – Efficacy w...ijtsrd
The awareness and preparedness in managing Novel Coronavirus SARS CoV 2 Outbreak infection are most important to prevent the further spread. Aim This study aimed to propose a protocol for improving staff nurses` awareness and self – efficacy with Novel Coronavirus SARS CoV 2 Outbreak. Subjects and Method A descriptive design was utilized in this study that was conducted in the units of Critical Care and Emergency for adults surgery, medicine and pediatrics at El Sayed Galal and Ain Shams University Hospitals. A random sample was composed of 180 nurses with different ages, gender, education and experiences were recruited from the above mentioned settings. The study tools were 1 Self administered questionnaire sheet to assess nurses awareness about Novel Coronavirus SARS CoV 2 Outbreak. 2 General self efficacy scale. 3 Ways of Coping Questionnaire for Staff Nurses. 4 Competency obstacles assessment sheet. Results Mean age of studied nurses was 33.4±27.2 added to their awareness and self efficacy need for improvement. Moreover, there were many obstacles affecting their competency. Conclusion Overall, the current study concluded that nearly half of studied nurses had satisfactory awareness about Novel Coronavirus SARS CoV 2 and their role during the outbreak. Meanwhile, less than half of them had high self – efficacy and positive coping. In addition, majority of them had competency obstacles during their work on outbreak time. Recommendations Further research study should be done to implement and nvestigate the effect of this proposed protocol for such group of nurses. Lamiaa A. Elsayed | Soad M. Hegazy | Rania M. Abueldahab | Manal A. Ahmed | Salwa O. Elkhattab "Proposed Protocol for Improving Staff Nurses` Awareness and Self – Efficacy with Novel Coronavirus SARS-Cov-2 Outbreak" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-5 , August 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31871.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/31871/proposed-protocol-for-improving-staff-nurses`-awareness-and-self-–-efficacy-with-novel-coronavirus-sarscov2-outbreak/lamiaa-a-elsayed
Running head RESEARCH PAPER1RESEARCH PAPER15.docxtodd521
Running head: RESEARCH PAPER 1
RESEARCH PAPER 15
Assessment of the knowledge, practice, and the associated factors of Healthcare Acquired Infection Prevention
Name
Institutional Affiliation
Date
Table of Contents
Table of Contents 2
Assessment of the knowledge, practice, and the associated factors of Healthcare Acquired Infection Prevention in Blessings Healthcare Facility 4
The Problem 5
Significance of the problem 6
Purpose of this study 7
Research Questions 8
Masters Essentials aligned with the topic 8
Design 10
Literature Review 10
Methodology and the design of the study 13
Sampling Methods 14
Necessary tools 14
Any logarithm or flow map developed 15
Healthcare Facility 15
Implementation 15
Stage 1: Assessment of the current practices (One Week) 16
Stage 2: Identification of the factors leading to high cases of healthcare-acquired infection (5 days) 17
Stage 3: Pre-Training (Two Weeks) 17
Stage 4: Training (5 weeks) 17
Stage 5: an ongoing process of assessing the situation 18
Materials, activities and the cost 20
Results 21
Socio-demographics features of the research population 21
Knowledge concerning the infection prevention 23
Aspects related to the knowledge of the healthcare professionals regarding the issue of preventing healthcare-acquired infections 27
Limitation of the study 28
References 30
Assessment of the knowledge, practice, and the associated factors of Healthcare Acquired Infection Prevention
Healthcare acquired infection/nosocomial infection/hospital acquired infections are becoming a major international challenge in many healthcare facilities especially in the low or middle income nations. It is anticipated that around 10 percent of patients in the healthcare facilities from developing nations are developing healthcare acquired infections and this subsequently leads to negative impacts on healthcare outcomes. It also leads to increase hospital stay, economic burden, morbidity cases, and increase in the mortality incidences. Some of the common healthcare acquired infections include Hepatitis B and C virus, HIV infections, and even Tuberculosis which are often transmitted by healthcare workers who are not observing the practice related to the infection prevention measures.
According to the United States Center for Disease Control and Prevention, there are about 1.7 million patients who have been hospitalized as a result of acquiring infection within the facilities while undergoing treatment for other healthcare concerns. Many studies reveal that simple infection control procedures like cleaning of the hands using alcohol-based hand rub is helping in the prevention of the spread of the disease. The increase in the infection rate caused by the healthcare acquired infection is due to the poor practices of infection prevention and control, lack of knowledge or failure to implement knowledge related to the process of preventing and controlling nosocomial illnesses, and other associated f.
Seven steps to reduce the risk of infectious disease in hospitalsBassam Gomaa
Healthcare organizations face growing challenges related to infectious disease control. While frequent hand washing and the use of personal protective equipment are the leading weapons against infectious disease spread and hospital-acquired infections, the built environment, including the HVAC systems, also plays an important role. Strides in the development of smart building operation management platforms that easily and cost-effectively integrate with a facility’s existing systems can give healthcare providers a powerful tool with which to enhance the effectiveness of their overall infection control programs.
5 Direct Practice Improvement Project ProspectusAntim.docxtarifarmarie
5
Direct Practice Improvement Project Prospectus
Antimicrobial Stewardship program (ASP): An evidence based quality assurance measure in combating Healthcare Associated Clostridium Difficile Infection in an acute care facility and the role of the Staff Nurse.
Submitted by
Date
Insert Chairperson Name
Prospectus Instructions:
1. Read the entire Prospectus Template to understand the requirements for writing your Prospectus. Each section contains a narrative overview of what should be included in the section and a table with criteria required for each section. These criteria will be used to assess the prospectus for overall quality and feasibility of the proposed research study.
2. As you draft each section, delete the narrative instructions and insert your work related to that section. Use the criteria table for each section to ensure that you address the requirements for that particular section. Do not delete/remove the criteria table as this is used by you and your Committee to evaluate your prospectus.
3. Prior to submitting your prospectus for review by your Chair or Methodologist, use the criteria table for each section to complete a self-evaluation, inserting what you believe is your score for each listed criteria into the Learner Self-Evaluation column.
4. The scoring for the criteria ranges from a 0-3 as defined below. Complete a realistic and thoughtful evaluation of your work. Your Chair and Methodologist will also use the criteria tables to evaluate your work.
5. Your Prospectus should be between 6-10 pages when the tables are deleted.
Score
Assessment
0
Item Not Present
1
Item is Present, But Does Not Meet Expectations: Not all components are present. Large gaps are present in the components that leave the reader with significant questions. All items scored at 1 must be addressed by learner per reviewer comments.
2
Item Approaches Meeting Expectations, But Needs Revision: Component is present and adequate. Small gaps are present that leave the reader with questions. Any item scored at 2 must be addressed by the learner per the reviewer comments.
3
Item Meets Expectations: Component is addressed clearly and comprehensively. No gaps are present that leave the reader with questions. No changes required.
2
Introduction
The world today is faced with very dangerous infectious diseases due to antibiotic resistance and in the United States, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), has named this escalating antibiotic resistance as one of the top five threats in the country (CDC, 2017). According to statistics from the CDC, drug-resistant bacteria cause more than 20, 000 deaths annually and result to 2 million cases of disease recurrence annually (Lagier et al., 2015). For this reason, there is an increased need to make changes to the clinical practice to encourage appropriate use of antibiotics. In late 2014, the President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology (PCAST) published a report on how to combat.
Epidemiological studies play a crucial role in understanding the distribution, causes, and prevention of diseases in populations. These studies provide valuable insights into the incidence, prevalence, and risk factors associated with various diseases. By identifying the distribution of diseases across different population groups, epidemiological studies help public health officials develop and implement effective preventive measures. This topic is particularly relevant in the current global health context, with the ongoing COVID 19 pandemic highlighting the importance of epidemiological research in mitigating the spread of infectious diseases. Epidemiological studies utilize a range of research methods, including observational studies, randomized controlled trials, and cohort studies, to investigate the relationships between various factors and disease outcomes. These studies also examine the impact of environmental, genetic, and behavioral factors on disease risk. By understanding the underlying factors that contribute to disease risk, epidemiological research can inform the development of targeted interventions to reduce disease burden and improve overall population health. This article will explore the various types of epidemiological studies, including cross sectional studies, case control studies, and prospective studies, as well as the advantages and limitations of each approach. It will also discuss the role of epidemiological studies in shaping public health policy, from identifying risk factors to evaluating the effectiveness of preventive measures. Finally, the article will highlight some of the latest developments in epidemiological research, including the use of big data analytics and machine learning algorithms to identify patterns and trends in disease incidence and risk factors. Ruhina Tabassum | Dr. Sreedhar Tirunagari "Epidemiological Studies" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-3 , June 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd56337.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/pharmacy/pharmacy-practice/56337/epidemiological-studies/ruhina-tabassum
Plagiarism Report:
Professor’s feedback:
EMS responders to pandemic influenza
EMS responders to pandemic influenza (Red Crescent) in Saudi Arabia
Emergency service providers and agencies alike participate in life-saving activities every day. Workers in these agencies provide assistance in daily emergency situations, transporting and treating patients in various situations. Their input in the medical process is incontrovertible as they ensure the welfare of the patient.
The healthcare sector is exposed to varying infections despite the availability of multiple disinfection procedures. Contamination remains a significant issue to the EMS responders as ambulances become a constant source of various pathogenic bacteria as a result of transporting patients from emergency scenes to the medical facilities. The transportation procedure creates a situation where the paramedics as well as the patient are exposed to the pathogens, a majority of which may be infectious (Reed, et al., 1993). Although there are various safeguards and disposable equipment which reduce the risk to the medical staff, the transportation process remains susceptible to contamination from blood and infectious substance. The result of these infections on the EMS in Saudi Arabia specifically is significant, as estimated 35 to 45 medical providers have been infected .
The ambulance service managed by the Red Crescent is the source of focus for this project for its lack of policy and guidelines on the pre-hospital process. Precautions such as disinfection and sterilization are not accompanied by corresponding infection control procedures. Currently in the Kingdom, there are over 5, 000 EMS staff using approximately 1,400 ambulances, and they are all at risk (Reed, et al., 1993). To ensure effective control of possible infections, a significantly holistic approach is required; one which is evidence-based and also cost-effective. Comment by Steve Parrillo: How do you know this? Comment by Microsoft Office User: Look at the year of this reference – is it the same in 2018 as it was in 1993 – I think not
Problem Statement
Inadequate policies and interventions or personal failures of the emergency medical services team are a facilitator for infections among the healthcare workers. Comment by Steve Parrillo: How do you plan to apply this to disasters and MCIs? Comment by Microsoft Office User: expand
Description of the Problem
The requirement for disaster medicine is more crucial than ever before with diseases such as MERS affecting areas deemed disaster-prone. Medical workers and emergency service providers at large require the evidence as a stepping stone to new decisions and measures involving medical care for health workers. EMS in Saudi Arabia has faced its fair share of challenges, with a number of its employees contracting the deadly virus MERS. EMS plans to use this information in creating effective influenza plans which will enhance its exis.
Be it with regard to natural, accidental or intentional means, public health has always been under threat. As is the case with the current COVID 19 pandemic, public health preparedness to prevent, respond to and recover is key for securing country’s overall development and growth.
18
Annotated Bibliography
3164 words
Rough Draft on Infection Control
by
Submitted to
Semester
Date
Contact
Address
Phone
Email
Infection Control
2
Introduction of the Paper
Background
According to various reports by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, a significant number of lives are lost each passing year due to the spread of infections in hospitals that could otherwise have been prevented. 3 Therefore, effort geared towards understanding infection control plays a significant role in reducing the otherwise unnecessary loss of lives. Infection control entails the power to directly prevent or determine the spread of infections with the aim of avoiding it. 4 Indeed, the pathological state resulting from the invasion of the body by pathogenic microorganisms has far-reaching consequences. While so much has been done to prevent its spread, there is still a lot more to be done. This research paper intends to focus on Healthcare-associated Infections and how it can be prevented if not eliminated altogether.
Statement of the Problem
Healthcare-Associated Infections are a common occurrence in the modern healthcare setting resulting in huge financial losses and loss of lives. According to the Office of Disease Prevention and Healthcare Promotion (ODPHP), these are infections that patients contract while receiving treatment in a medical facility. Percival, Suleman, Vuotto & Donelli, (2015) pointed out that its prevalence is as a result of the employment of invasive devices and procedures meant to treat patients and to help them recover. 6 While most of them are accidental in nature, they still remain to be seen as accidents that could have been prevented. The US government, through the establishment of Healthy People 2020 and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) have taken a lead role in spreading the news on infection control. To that effect, recent research reveals that there could be a 70% reduction in infections by implementing existing prevention practices. This translates to a financial benefit estimated to be $31.5 billion in medical cost savings (ODPHP, 2019). Understanding these prevention measures should, therefore, be a priority to all healthcare practitioners. That is why this research study intends to shade more light on nosocomial infections. These are infections that occur within 48 hours upon admission into a hospital. They can also occur in three days of discharge or 30 days of operation. They affect one in every 10 patients admitted in a hospital. 5, 7
The rationale for addressing the issue
Addressing this issue is important to the health sector from a political, social as well as environmental perspective. As a matter of fact, its impact will be on a short term, interim basis and long term basis. Politically, health has always been a major subject of concern as it is used by voters to determine how best an administration has taken care of their needs. Establishing an infection contro.
How To Prepare for Emerging Infectious Diseases and Pandemic.pdfauroraaudrey4826
The emergence of infectious diseases and the threat they pose to global health have garnered
significant attention in recent years. The world has witnessed the devastating impact of outbreaks such
as Ebola, Zika, and, most notably, the COVID-19 pandemic. As our interconnected world continues to
evolve, understanding emerging infectious diseases and implementing effective pandemic preparedness
strategies becomes paramount. In this article, we will explore the nature of emerging infectious
diseases, examine the factors contributing to their rise, delve into the importance of proactive pandemic
preparedness measures, and discuss the lessons learned from past outbreaks to safeguard global health.
How To Prepare for Emerging Infectious Diseases and Pandemic.pdfbellabrookly2022
The emergence of infectious diseases and the threat they pose to global health have garnered significant attention in recent years. The world has witnessed the devastating impact of outbreaks such as Ebola, Zika, and, most notably, the COVID-19 pandemic. As our interconnected world continues to evolve, understanding emerging infectious diseases and implementing effective pandemic preparedness strategies becomes paramount. In this article, we will explore the nature of emerging infectious diseases, examine the factors contributing to their rise, delve into the importance of proactive pandemic preparedness measures, and discuss the lessons learned from past outbreaks to safeguard global health.
EMS responders to pandemic influenza
EMS responders to pandemic influenza (Red Crescent) in Saudi Arabia
Emergency service providers and agencies alike participate in life-saving activities every day. Workers in these agencies provide assistance in daily emergency situations, transporting and treating patients in various situations. Their input in the medical process is incontrovertible as they ensure the welfare of the patient.
The healthcare sector is exposed to varying infections despite the availability of multiple disinfection procedures. Contamination remains a significant issue to the EMS responders as ambulances become a constant source of various pathogenic bacteria as a result of transporting patients from emergency scenes to the medical facilities. The transportation procedure creates a situation where the paramedics as well as the patient are exposed to the pathogens, a majority of which may be infectious (Reed, et al., 1993). Although there are various safeguards and disposable equipment which reduce the risk to the medical staff, the transportation process remains susceptible to contamination from blood and infectious substance. The result of these infections on the EMS in Saudi Arabia specifically is significant, as estimated 35 to 45 medical providers have been infected .
The ambulance service managed by the Red Crescent is the source of focus for this project for its lack of policy and guidelines on the pre-hospital process. Precautions such as disinfection and sterilization can often not be accompanied by corresponding infection control procedures. Currently in the Kingdom, there are over 5, 000 EMS staff using approximately 1,400 ambulances, and they are all at risk (Reed, et al., 1993). To ensure effective control of possible infections, a significantly holistic approach is required; one which is evidence-based and also cost-effective. Comment by Microsoft Office User: Look at the year of this reference – is it the same in 2018 as it was in 1993 – I think not
Problem Statement
Inadequate policies and interventions or personal failures of the emergency medical services team are a facilitator for infections among the healthcare workers. Comment by Steve Parrillo: How do you plan to apply this to disasters and MCIs? Comment by Microsoft Office User: expand
Description of the Problem
The requirement for disaster medicine is more crucial than ever before with diseases such as MERS affecting areas deemed disaster-prone. Medical workers and emergency service providers at large require the evidence as a stepping stone to new decisions and measures involving medical care for health workers. EMS in Saudi Arabia has faced its fair share of challenges, with a number of its employees contracting the deadly virus MERS. EMS plans to use this information in creating effective influenza plans which will enhance its existing operational protocols. Comment by Microsoft Office User: ref and supporting detai ...
Proposed Protocol for Improving Staff Nurses` Awareness and Self – Efficacy w...ijtsrd
The awareness and preparedness in managing Novel Coronavirus SARS CoV 2 Outbreak infection are most important to prevent the further spread. Aim This study aimed to propose a protocol for improving staff nurses` awareness and self – efficacy with Novel Coronavirus SARS CoV 2 Outbreak. Subjects and Method A descriptive design was utilized in this study that was conducted in the units of Critical Care and Emergency for adults surgery, medicine and pediatrics at El Sayed Galal and Ain Shams University Hospitals. A random sample was composed of 180 nurses with different ages, gender, education and experiences were recruited from the above mentioned settings. The study tools were 1 Self administered questionnaire sheet to assess nurses awareness about Novel Coronavirus SARS CoV 2 Outbreak. 2 General self efficacy scale. 3 Ways of Coping Questionnaire for Staff Nurses. 4 Competency obstacles assessment sheet. Results Mean age of studied nurses was 33.4±27.2 added to their awareness and self efficacy need for improvement. Moreover, there were many obstacles affecting their competency. Conclusion Overall, the current study concluded that nearly half of studied nurses had satisfactory awareness about Novel Coronavirus SARS CoV 2 and their role during the outbreak. Meanwhile, less than half of them had high self – efficacy and positive coping. In addition, majority of them had competency obstacles during their work on outbreak time. Recommendations Further research study should be done to implement and nvestigate the effect of this proposed protocol for such group of nurses. Lamiaa A. Elsayed | Soad M. Hegazy | Rania M. Abueldahab | Manal A. Ahmed | Salwa O. Elkhattab "Proposed Protocol for Improving Staff Nurses` Awareness and Self – Efficacy with Novel Coronavirus SARS-Cov-2 Outbreak" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-5 , August 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31871.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/medicine/other/31871/proposed-protocol-for-improving-staff-nurses`-awareness-and-self-–-efficacy-with-novel-coronavirus-sarscov2-outbreak/lamiaa-a-elsayed
Running head RESEARCH PAPER1RESEARCH PAPER15.docxtodd521
Running head: RESEARCH PAPER 1
RESEARCH PAPER 15
Assessment of the knowledge, practice, and the associated factors of Healthcare Acquired Infection Prevention
Name
Institutional Affiliation
Date
Table of Contents
Table of Contents 2
Assessment of the knowledge, practice, and the associated factors of Healthcare Acquired Infection Prevention in Blessings Healthcare Facility 4
The Problem 5
Significance of the problem 6
Purpose of this study 7
Research Questions 8
Masters Essentials aligned with the topic 8
Design 10
Literature Review 10
Methodology and the design of the study 13
Sampling Methods 14
Necessary tools 14
Any logarithm or flow map developed 15
Healthcare Facility 15
Implementation 15
Stage 1: Assessment of the current practices (One Week) 16
Stage 2: Identification of the factors leading to high cases of healthcare-acquired infection (5 days) 17
Stage 3: Pre-Training (Two Weeks) 17
Stage 4: Training (5 weeks) 17
Stage 5: an ongoing process of assessing the situation 18
Materials, activities and the cost 20
Results 21
Socio-demographics features of the research population 21
Knowledge concerning the infection prevention 23
Aspects related to the knowledge of the healthcare professionals regarding the issue of preventing healthcare-acquired infections 27
Limitation of the study 28
References 30
Assessment of the knowledge, practice, and the associated factors of Healthcare Acquired Infection Prevention
Healthcare acquired infection/nosocomial infection/hospital acquired infections are becoming a major international challenge in many healthcare facilities especially in the low or middle income nations. It is anticipated that around 10 percent of patients in the healthcare facilities from developing nations are developing healthcare acquired infections and this subsequently leads to negative impacts on healthcare outcomes. It also leads to increase hospital stay, economic burden, morbidity cases, and increase in the mortality incidences. Some of the common healthcare acquired infections include Hepatitis B and C virus, HIV infections, and even Tuberculosis which are often transmitted by healthcare workers who are not observing the practice related to the infection prevention measures.
According to the United States Center for Disease Control and Prevention, there are about 1.7 million patients who have been hospitalized as a result of acquiring infection within the facilities while undergoing treatment for other healthcare concerns. Many studies reveal that simple infection control procedures like cleaning of the hands using alcohol-based hand rub is helping in the prevention of the spread of the disease. The increase in the infection rate caused by the healthcare acquired infection is due to the poor practices of infection prevention and control, lack of knowledge or failure to implement knowledge related to the process of preventing and controlling nosocomial illnesses, and other associated f.
Seven steps to reduce the risk of infectious disease in hospitalsBassam Gomaa
Healthcare organizations face growing challenges related to infectious disease control. While frequent hand washing and the use of personal protective equipment are the leading weapons against infectious disease spread and hospital-acquired infections, the built environment, including the HVAC systems, also plays an important role. Strides in the development of smart building operation management platforms that easily and cost-effectively integrate with a facility’s existing systems can give healthcare providers a powerful tool with which to enhance the effectiveness of their overall infection control programs.
5 Direct Practice Improvement Project ProspectusAntim.docxtarifarmarie
5
Direct Practice Improvement Project Prospectus
Antimicrobial Stewardship program (ASP): An evidence based quality assurance measure in combating Healthcare Associated Clostridium Difficile Infection in an acute care facility and the role of the Staff Nurse.
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1. Read the entire Prospectus Template to understand the requirements for writing your Prospectus. Each section contains a narrative overview of what should be included in the section and a table with criteria required for each section. These criteria will be used to assess the prospectus for overall quality and feasibility of the proposed research study.
2. As you draft each section, delete the narrative instructions and insert your work related to that section. Use the criteria table for each section to ensure that you address the requirements for that particular section. Do not delete/remove the criteria table as this is used by you and your Committee to evaluate your prospectus.
3. Prior to submitting your prospectus for review by your Chair or Methodologist, use the criteria table for each section to complete a self-evaluation, inserting what you believe is your score for each listed criteria into the Learner Self-Evaluation column.
4. The scoring for the criteria ranges from a 0-3 as defined below. Complete a realistic and thoughtful evaluation of your work. Your Chair and Methodologist will also use the criteria tables to evaluate your work.
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Introduction
The world today is faced with very dangerous infectious diseases due to antibiotic resistance and in the United States, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), has named this escalating antibiotic resistance as one of the top five threats in the country (CDC, 2017). According to statistics from the CDC, drug-resistant bacteria cause more than 20, 000 deaths annually and result to 2 million cases of disease recurrence annually (Lagier et al., 2015). For this reason, there is an increased need to make changes to the clinical practice to encourage appropriate use of antibiotics. In late 2014, the President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology (PCAST) published a report on how to combat.
Epidemiological studies play a crucial role in understanding the distribution, causes, and prevention of diseases in populations. These studies provide valuable insights into the incidence, prevalence, and risk factors associated with various diseases. By identifying the distribution of diseases across different population groups, epidemiological studies help public health officials develop and implement effective preventive measures. This topic is particularly relevant in the current global health context, with the ongoing COVID 19 pandemic highlighting the importance of epidemiological research in mitigating the spread of infectious diseases. Epidemiological studies utilize a range of research methods, including observational studies, randomized controlled trials, and cohort studies, to investigate the relationships between various factors and disease outcomes. These studies also examine the impact of environmental, genetic, and behavioral factors on disease risk. By understanding the underlying factors that contribute to disease risk, epidemiological research can inform the development of targeted interventions to reduce disease burden and improve overall population health. This article will explore the various types of epidemiological studies, including cross sectional studies, case control studies, and prospective studies, as well as the advantages and limitations of each approach. It will also discuss the role of epidemiological studies in shaping public health policy, from identifying risk factors to evaluating the effectiveness of preventive measures. Finally, the article will highlight some of the latest developments in epidemiological research, including the use of big data analytics and machine learning algorithms to identify patterns and trends in disease incidence and risk factors. Ruhina Tabassum | Dr. Sreedhar Tirunagari "Epidemiological Studies" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-3 , June 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd56337.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/pharmacy/pharmacy-practice/56337/epidemiological-studies/ruhina-tabassum
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EMS responders to pandemic influenza
EMS responders to pandemic influenza (Red Crescent) in Saudi Arabia
Emergency service providers and agencies alike participate in life-saving activities every day. Workers in these agencies provide assistance in daily emergency situations, transporting and treating patients in various situations. Their input in the medical process is incontrovertible as they ensure the welfare of the patient.
The healthcare sector is exposed to varying infections despite the availability of multiple disinfection procedures. Contamination remains a significant issue to the EMS responders as ambulances become a constant source of various pathogenic bacteria as a result of transporting patients from emergency scenes to the medical facilities. The transportation procedure creates a situation where the paramedics as well as the patient are exposed to the pathogens, a majority of which may be infectious (Reed, et al., 1993). Although there are various safeguards and disposable equipment which reduce the risk to the medical staff, the transportation process remains susceptible to contamination from blood and infectious substance. The result of these infections on the EMS in Saudi Arabia specifically is significant, as estimated 35 to 45 medical providers have been infected .
The ambulance service managed by the Red Crescent is the source of focus for this project for its lack of policy and guidelines on the pre-hospital process. Precautions such as disinfection and sterilization are not accompanied by corresponding infection control procedures. Currently in the Kingdom, there are over 5, 000 EMS staff using approximately 1,400 ambulances, and they are all at risk (Reed, et al., 1993). To ensure effective control of possible infections, a significantly holistic approach is required; one which is evidence-based and also cost-effective. Comment by Steve Parrillo: How do you know this? Comment by Microsoft Office User: Look at the year of this reference – is it the same in 2018 as it was in 1993 – I think not
Problem Statement
Inadequate policies and interventions or personal failures of the emergency medical services team are a facilitator for infections among the healthcare workers. Comment by Steve Parrillo: How do you plan to apply this to disasters and MCIs? Comment by Microsoft Office User: expand
Description of the Problem
The requirement for disaster medicine is more crucial than ever before with diseases such as MERS affecting areas deemed disaster-prone. Medical workers and emergency service providers at large require the evidence as a stepping stone to new decisions and measures involving medical care for health workers. EMS in Saudi Arabia has faced its fair share of challenges, with a number of its employees contracting the deadly virus MERS. EMS plans to use this information in creating effective influenza plans which will enhance its exis.
Be it with regard to natural, accidental or intentional means, public health has always been under threat. As is the case with the current COVID 19 pandemic, public health preparedness to prevent, respond to and recover is key for securing country’s overall development and growth.
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The Healthy Ageing and Prevention Index is an online tool created by ILC that ranks countries on six metrics including, life span, health span, work span, income, environmental performance, and happiness. The Index helps us understand how well countries have adapted to longevity and inform decision makers on what must be done to maximise the economic benefits that comes with living well for longer.
Alongside the 77th World Health Assembly in Geneva on 28 May 2024, we launched the second version of our Index, allowing us to track progress and give new insights into what needs to be done to keep populations healthier for longer.
The speakers included:
Professor Orazio Schillaci, Minister of Health, Italy
Dr Hans Groth, Chairman of the Board, World Demographic & Ageing Forum
Professor Ilona Kickbusch, Founder and Chair, Global Health Centre, Geneva Graduate Institute and co-chair, World Health Summit Council
Dr Natasha Azzopardi Muscat, Director, Country Health Policies and Systems Division, World Health Organisation EURO
Dr Marta Lomazzi, Executive Manager, World Federation of Public Health Associations
Dr Shyam Bishen, Head, Centre for Health and Healthcare and Member of the Executive Committee, World Economic Forum
Dr Karin Tegmark Wisell, Director General, Public Health Agency of Sweden
One of the most developed cities of India, the city of Chennai is the capital of Tamilnadu and many people from different parts of India come here to earn their bread and butter. Being a metropolitan, the city is filled with towering building and beaches but the sad part as with almost every Indian city
Explore our infographic on 'Essential Metrics for Palliative Care Management' which highlights key performance indicators crucial for enhancing the quality and efficiency of palliative care services.
This visual guide breaks down important metrics across four categories: Patient-Centered Metrics, Care Efficiency Metrics, Quality of Life Metrics, and Staff Metrics. Each section is designed to help healthcare professionals monitor and improve care delivery for patients facing serious illnesses. Understand how to implement these metrics in your palliative care practices for better outcomes and higher satisfaction levels.
Empowering ACOs: Leveraging Quality Management Tools for MIPS and BeyondHealth Catalyst
Join us as we delve into the crucial realm of quality reporting for MSSP (Medicare Shared Savings Program) Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs).
In this session, we will explore how a robust quality management solution can empower your organization to meet regulatory requirements and improve processes for MIPS reporting and internal quality programs. Learn how our MeasureAble application enables compliance and fosters continuous improvement.
Defecation
Normal defecation begins with movement in the left colon, moving stool toward the anus. When stool reaches the rectum, the distention causes relaxation of the internal sphincter and an awareness of the need to defecate. At the time of defecation, the external sphincter relaxes, and abdominal muscles contract, increasing intrarectal pressure and forcing the stool out
The Valsalva maneuver exerts pressure to expel faeces through a voluntary contraction of the abdominal muscles while maintaining forced expiration against a closed airway. Patients with cardiovascular disease, glaucoma, increased intracranial pressure, or a new surgical wound are at greater risk for cardiac dysrhythmias and elevated blood pressure with the Valsalva maneuver and need to avoid straining to pass the stool.
Normal defecation is painless, resulting in passage of soft, formed stool
CONSTIPATION
Constipation is a symptom, not a disease. Improper diet, reduced fluid intake, lack of exercise, and certain medications can cause constipation. For example, patients receiving opiates for pain after surgery often require a stool softener or laxative to prevent constipation. The signs of constipation include infrequent bowel movements (less than every 3 days), difficulty passing stools, excessive straining, inability to defecate at will, and hard feaces
IMPACTION
Fecal impaction results from unrelieved constipation. It is a collection of hardened feces wedged in the rectum that a person cannot expel. In cases of severe impaction the mass extends up into the sigmoid colon.
DIARRHEA
Diarrhea is an increase in the number of stools and the passage of liquid, unformed feces. It is associated with disorders affecting digestion, absorption, and secretion in the GI tract. Intestinal contents pass through the small and large intestine too quickly to allow for the usual absorption of fluid and nutrients. Irritation within the colon results in increased mucus secretion. As a result, feces become watery, and the patient is unable to control the urge to defecate. Normally an anal bag is safe and effective in long-term treatment of patients with fecal incontinence at home, in hospice, or in the hospital. Fecal incontinence is expensive and a potentially dangerous condition in terms of contamination and risk of skin ulceration
HEMORRHOIDS
Hemorrhoids are dilated, engorged veins in the lining of the rectum. They are either external or internal.
FLATULENCE
As gas accumulates in the lumen of the intestines, the bowel wall stretches and distends (flatulence). It is a common cause of abdominal fullness, pain, and cramping. Normally intestinal gas escapes through the mouth (belching) or the anus (passing of flatus)
FECAL INCONTINENCE
Fecal incontinence is the inability to control passage of feces and gas from the anus. Incontinence harms a patient’s body image
PREPARATION AND GIVING OF LAXATIVESACCORDING TO POTTER AND PERRY,
An enema is the instillation of a solution into the rectum and sig
India Clinical Trials Market: Industry Size and Growth Trends [2030] Analyzed...Kumar Satyam
According to TechSci Research report, "India Clinical Trials Market- By Region, Competition, Forecast & Opportunities, 2030F," the India Clinical Trials Market was valued at USD 2.05 billion in 2024 and is projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 8.64% through 2030. The market is driven by a variety of factors, making India an attractive destination for pharmaceutical companies and researchers. India's vast and diverse patient population, cost-effective operational environment, and a large pool of skilled medical professionals contribute significantly to the market's growth. Additionally, increasing government support in streamlining regulations and the growing prevalence of lifestyle diseases further propel the clinical trials market.
Growing Prevalence of Lifestyle Diseases
The rising incidence of lifestyle diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer is a major trend driving the clinical trials market in India. These conditions necessitate the development and testing of new treatment methods, creating a robust demand for clinical trials. The increasing burden of these diseases highlights the need for innovative therapies and underscores the importance of India as a key player in global clinical research.
India Clinical Trials Market: Industry Size and Growth Trends [2030] Analyzed...
Intensive Healthcare Facilities and Rooms Capstone.pdf
1. Intensive Healthcare Facilities and Rooms Capstone
Intensive Healthcare Facilities and Rooms Capstone ON Intensive Healthcare Facilities and
Rooms CapstoneThis chapter describes and justifies the data gathering method used and
outlines how you analyzed your data.Begin by describing the method you chose and why
this method was the most appropriate.Next, detail every step of the data gathering and
analysis process.Although this section varies depending on method and analysis technique
chosen, many of the following areas typically are addressed:Description of population
(reviewers or participants)Description of design typeJustification for inclusion/exclusion of
contentDevelopment of instrument, tool or method for obtaining feedback (surveys,
interviews, observation, content analysis)Identification of themes/categoriesThis section
should be about 4-6 pages and content should be separated with APA first and second level
headings.Intensive Healthcare Facilities and Rooms
Capstoneattachment_1attachment_2attachment_3Unformatted Attachment
PreviewRunning head: LITERATURE REVIEW 1 Literature Review Mariann England Aspen
University Nursing Capstone Dr. Julie Kolde July 6, 2020 LITERATURE REVIEW 2 Analysis of
literature In the event of a pandemic, most of the population is exposed to the high rate of
the pandemic, which remains at 40-60 % of the affected population. However, the lack of
the necessary guidelines and standards in the fight against the pandemic can be the most
important failure in the acute health care setting. Therefore, it is important for the
healthcare setting to be ready and well prepared with measures and strategies in place to
counter the effects of a pandemic. The world has witnessed different incidences of
pandemics that remain a major health burden to many different countries. One kind of
pandemic is Influenza, which affects a large population of different countries. Due to the
growth of urbanization and global transportation, it is evident that, in the case of a
pandemic, it is likely to spread rapidly across the world. Therefore, Pandemic readiness in
the acute health care setting remains an important factor in the successful containment of
these pandemics through proper planning. Preparedness is essential in minimizing the
pandemic’s growth and spread, reducing the cases and incidences of a pandemic, preserving
essential services, reducing hospitalization and deaths, and preventing the incidences of
economic crisis. The management has a great role to play when it comes to the fight against
a pandemic. Research indicates that with poor planning, the effects of an infectious
pandemic can be vital. Currently, most acute health care settings have inadequate
accounting and interaction procedures, poor training on health care providers, poor
programs on disaster preparedness, and inadequate essential preventive equipment such as
2. ventilators and other essential health care equipment, including ventilators and hospital
beds. Some of the plans in place have not yet been tested for their effectiveness, which is a
limitation in the fight against a pandemic. LITERATURE REVIEW 3 Description of a
pandemic Preparedness A pandemic is a global spread of a new ailment, one which
traverses transnational borders and eventually affects a large proportion of the population.
A is an unforeseen and unavoidable event, characterized by its indeterminate scope, length,
and consequence. Besides posing a high morbidity and mortality rate threat, pandemics can
overwhelm medical care structures and substantial societal and monetary disturbance (Bali
et al., 2017). Pandemics result from an antigenically new microbe’s surfacing for which
there is no erstwhile body resistance, usually with a reassortment of previously humanoid
or animal microbial genomes. Readiness to pandemics comprises planning and
organization, monitoring and evaluating circumstances, communication, continuity of
medical care delivery, and curbing the disease’s spread. Pandemics, and their resultant
effects, may persist for months to years. Intensive Healthcare Facilities and Rooms
CapstoneTherefore, a multi-disciplinary approach is imperative in the disease response
strategies, particularly at the state and sub-state levels. The threat of a pandemic or
contagious illness vastly spreading skulks inaudibly beneath the surface of routine hospital
operations and at the population in general. Instants of alarm instigate waves of
preparedness as novel microbes and transmutations pose evanescent threats. Pandemic-
preparedness should be founded on generic alacrity programs, resources, mechanisms, and
approaches for crisis and disaster management (Shearer et al., 2020). Pandemic-
preparedness is fundamental in ensuring that health and other indispensable structures
continue to function during a pandemic, thereby decreasing the economic and social effects
of the pandemic The objective of planning and organization efforts is to offer direction and
harmonization across all sectors involved in pandemics management. A collapse in disaster-
response lags LITERATURE REVIEW 4 national and local efforts towards the control of a
pandemic. As yet, exertions to boost testing has been directed on operational matters:
adequacy of the testing capacity, the pervasive scarcities and supply-chain failures, and
strategies to scale-up testing to the vast figures necessitated to ease the pandemic (Madhav
et al., 2017). Availing additional tests is not an approach in and of itself. If sufficient tests
were achieved, this question would still linger in our minds: What resolves are the
outcomes intended to inform? Testing has numerous rationales other than diagnosis and
ensuring safety for health care staff. Testing data is necessary for the management of all the
features of a pandemic. For example, this data is the keystone of pandemic extrapolative
models. That makes known the future demand for attention, the timing of surges, and the
scale of the necessary emergency amenities. Devoid of reliable testing data, analysts depend
on presumption and assumptions. The protocols of education in a pandemic aim at
shrinking the contact and transmission rates of the infectious disease (Schneider, 2020).
Educational strategies include encouraging respiratory propriety, basic hygiene, suitable
aeration, social distancing, and the dissemination of appropriate and accurate health
messages. Personal protective equipment, such as masks, gloves, and isolation gowns, help
reduce the risk of exposure to an infectious pathogen for health care providers. The hastily
flagging supply of such equipment, paired with the supply chain’s challenges, has triggered
3. a high alarm and could significantly encumber the capability to ensure the safety to the care
providers (WHO, 2020). This calls conservative approaches such as reducing access into the
isolation settings, reducing the demand for personal protective equipment by temporarily
doing away with elective surgical procedures and other unnecessary encounters, and
reusing the material, which encompasses LITERATURE REVIEW 5 prolonging their use,
decontamination with ultraviolet light and reusing some of the equipment up to several
times. Importance of pandemic preparedness The impact of a pandemic in a nation or
across the globe is severe and, therefore, the need to be well prepared in case it occurs.
Currently, most healthcare facilities are not well equipped, so the acute pandemic’s impact
is likely to strike hard. For instance, the current Covid19 pandemic, the infrastructures used
in the containment of the disease are the same infrastructures that were used in addressing
pandemic and seasonal Influenza over the decades. This is an indication of the
underfunding of the healthcare facilities that limit the ability to address pandemics.
Research indicates that acute healthcare settings are not prepared to address the outbreak
of pandemic or infectious diseases. There are outbreaks of acute pandemic almost every
year that claims thousands of life almost every year. Some of the acute pandemics have
similar symptoms and therefore making the containment and management process a
challenge. However, with proper management, the health care setting may have the
required infrastructure and machines to handle the pandemic. It is important for all the
stakeholders in the health sector to combine efforts in the fight against the pandemic that
continues to affect the world every year. According to Goodman (2020), there is the need to
have combined efforts in both the public and private sectors as a global partnership to
succeed in fighting against the pandemic. Having preventive measures and being prepared
will ensure that the global GDP is not severely affected by the pandemic as it has been the
case every year. For instance, the current pandemic has severely affected the world’s
economy, with the effect standing at 2% as of April in the United States alone (Goodman,
2020). LITERATURE REVIEW 6 The private sector can strengthen the health sector
infrastructures as an important part of fighting the pandemic. Also, the fight against the
pandemic requires the collaboration of all the sectors, communities, families and individual
efforts to develop important policies essential in fighting the pandemic. Development of
pandemic preparedness policies and strategies is important in the acute health setting
because it will help the health professionals have the required resources to fight the
pandemic. Therefore, the fight against the pandemic becomes effective, and the country can
save as many lives as possible. Nurses are mostly exposed to the dangers as they take care
of the patients. Therefore, with effective preparedness in the fight against a pandemic, there
are less exposed to the dangers as they handle the patients. Intensive Healthcare Facilities
and Rooms CapstoneTherefore, it is important to have continuous pandemic preparedness
training for the health care providers and especially the nursing profession, to successfully
counter the pandemic’s effects. This ensures that the providers of essential services are not
affected. Provision of necessary equipment such as personal protective equipment and
other training on how to provide important services in the acute health care setting is
essential as the professionals are better equipped with the needed knowledge and skills in
the fight against infectious pandemics (Carbell & Christian, 2011). Studies recommend that
4. preparedness acute health care setting against a pandemic is an important part of a
successful fight against pandemic (Goodman, 2020). There is the need to have well-
documented policies in disaster preparedness at all levels of acute health care, which
provides room for effective containment of the pandemic. Combined efforts of all the
stakeholders in the acute health care setting play a vital role in the success of pandemic
containment, which includes measures to have all the essential procedures being up to date
in pandemic preparedness. LITERATURE REVIEW 7 Essential pandemic preparedness
measures Health care providers in the acute health care setting should be well prepared in
the containment of acute pandemics that strike the world every year. Most acute pandemics
are infectious diseases that spread from one person to another, and the rate of spreading is
high. Given that it requires much time to understand the epidemiology of any infectious
disease, it is equally important to have effective procedures and strategies to contain the
disease. This involves international and national level planning to take care of the high
number of patients expected to flood in the hospital in case of a pandemic (Stephen, 2019).
Most healthcare facilities have the inadequate infrastructure required in the containment of
a pandemic with hospitals operating at near or in full capacity (Stephen, 2019). The
infrastructures currently used are the same used in decades, limiting the effectiveness in
the fight against a pandemic. There is a shortage of health care providers, while emergency
preparedness is always crowded. Many health care facilities lack enough hospital beds
while the emergency room is not well equipped with required materials such as the
ventilators, which are vital in pandemic management. The healthcare workers are also at
risk of being exposed to the pandemic as they care for the patients due to the lack of enough
personal protective equipment. Therefore, there is the need to have all these issues being
addressed to successfully contain the pandemic (Carbell & Christian, 2011). The following
are important emergency preparedness requirements in a successful fight against the
pandemic. • Airborne isolation capabilities in acute health care There is the need to have
enough airborne isolation capabilities with all the required materials and equipment to
address the pandemic. This may include acute inpatient beds in national and LITERATURE
REVIEW 8 regional hospitals. The preparedness ensures that the hospitals are in a position
to handle the high cases of infected people effectively. Also, with proper measures in
isolation capacity, acute health care can have an interim emergency plan which will address
the needs in the event of an outbreak. Therefore, the health care facilities will be able to
house the patients safely in their isolation rooms. Important equipment required in the
isolation room should be availed, such as ventilators required for success in the fight
against a pandemic. • Staffing The successful control of a pandemic requires adequate
staffing of health care providers to take care of the infected persons. Therefore, hospitals
need to have the adequate staff required to take care of the patients. There should also be
measures in place to ensure that health care providers are well prepared and adequately
trained to address the needs of the patients while protecting themselves against infectious
disease. • Vaccine Most important is the preparedness in protecting the healthcare
providers against a pandemic, which is possible through vaccination. There is a need to
have a well-structured strategy to quickly research the epidemiology of the disease and
develop a vaccine. Most important is to front the healthcare professionals in receiving the
5. vaccine in the event of a pandemic. Intensive Healthcare Facilities and Rooms CapstoneThis
will motivate the workers in providing patients with the care they need effectively.
Preparedness in the event of a pandemic is important in the acute health care setting as it
ensures that health care facilities can handle the infections successfully. This requires
combined efforts of all the stakeholders for the successful containment of the pandemic.
LITERATURE REVIEW 9 References Stephen, C. (2019). Rethinking pandemic preparedness
in the Anthropocene. Healthcare Management Forum, 33(4), 153-157.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0840470419867347 Bali, S., Lahariya, C., Pillinger, M., Suzuki, E.,
Rakesue, R., & Tang, K. (2017). Pandemonium : Risk Factors for Future Pandemics. June.
WHO. (2020). Hospital-Readiness-Checklist. Madhav, N., Oppenheim, B., Gallivan, M.,
Mulembakani, P., Rubin, E., & Wolfe, N. (2017). Pandemics: Risks, Impacts, and Mitigation. In
Disease Control Priorities, Third Edition (Volume 9): Improving Health and Reducing
Poverty (pp. 315–345). The World Bank. https://doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-0527-
1_ch17 Carbell, G., & Christian, M. (2011). Critical Care Providers’ Perceptions of Pandemic
Preparedness Following the H1N1 Pandemic. Chest, 140(4), 280A.
https://doi.org/10.1378/chest.1118103 Goodman, A. (2020). The Global Impact of the Zika
Virus Pandemic: The Importance of Emergency Preparedness. Health, 12(02), 132-140.
https://doi.org/10.4236/health.2020.122012 Running head: CAPSTONE PROPOSAL 1
Capstone Proposal Mariann England Aspen University Nursing Capstone Dr. Julie Kolde June
15, 2020 CAPSTONE PROPOSAL 2 Capstone Proposal Project Title Pandemic readiness in
the acute health care setting Project description A pandemic is a global spread of a new
ailment, one which traverses transnational borders and eventually affects a large
proportion of the population. A is an unforeseen and unavoidable event, characterized by its
indeterminate scope, length, and consequence. Besides posing a high morbidity and
mortality rate threat, pandemics can overwhelm medical care structures and substantial
societal and monetary disturbance (Bali et al., 2017). Pandemics result from the surfacing of
an antigenically new microbe for which there is no erstwhile body resistance, usually with a
reassortment of previously humanoid or animal microbial genomes. Readiness to
pandemics comprises of planning and organization, monitoring and evaluation of
circumstances, communication, continuity of medical care delivery, and curbing the spread
of the disease. Pandemics, and their resultant effects, may persist for months to years.
Therefore, a multidisciplinary approach is imperative in the disease response strategies,
particularly at the state and sub-state levels. The threat of a pandemic or contagious illness
vastly spreading skulks inaudibly beneath the surface of routine hospital operations and at
the population in general. Instants of alarm instigate waves of preparedness as novel
microbes and transmutations pose evanescent threats. Pandemic-preparedness should be
founded on generic alacrity programs, resources, mechanisms, and approaches for crisis
and disaster management (Shearer et al., 2020). Pandemic-preparedness is fundamental in
ensuring that health and other indispensable structures CAPSTONE PROPOSAL 3 continue
to function during a pandemic, thereby decreasing the economic and social effects of the
pandemic. Intensive Healthcare Facilities and Rooms CapstoneProject rationale Pandemics
are a significant challenge to policymakers, medical care professionals, legislators, and
public health leaders. Any form of readiness plan ought to incorporate both local and
6. transnational harmonization to operate more proficiently with the limited means
accessible. Whenever a significant fraction of the population is disease-ridden, the overall
figure of the acute incidents can undoubtedly overwhelm the medical care systems available
(Tsamakis et al., 2020). Consequently, the delivery of critical care is faced with numerous
challenges in terms of preparedness and readiness, surge capacity, management systems,
contagion control, and clinical guidance. This study will help policymakers and ground-level
clinicians point out the gaps and insufficiency in the pandemic or crisis management
protocols already in place. This study will outline the need for the integral involvement of
nurses, in collaboration with other professional teams towards pandemic preparedness.
This study will also shed more light on the expanding role of nurses in the response and
management of pandemics, which will significantly help advance nursing science. Personal/
professional expectations Finding clues on the possible causes of the ailment by observing a
specific group of people and recording the group’s exposure to certain risk factors is one of
the significant expectations of this CAPSTONE PROPOSAL 4 study. This includes identifying
possible links concerning the occurrence of the disease and other secondary factors. This
study is expected to identify the factors that influence health in the general population.
Project Goals Short term goal This study aims at investigating the levels of pandemic
preparedness in acute care settings by focusing on the personal-protective equipment
conservation measures, availability and efficiency of testing sites, and the feasibility of the
education protocols put in place. Long term goals This study also proposes considering the
levels of pandemic preparedness in acute care settings, with an emphasis on policy,
planning and management efforts, and the ensuing modifications put in place to counteract
future pandemics. Analysis of Literature The objective of planning and organization efforts
is to offer direction and harmonization across all sectors involved in the management of
pandemics. A collapse in disaster-response lags national and local efforts towards the
control of a pandemic. As yet, exertions to boost testing has been directed on operational
matters: adequacy of the testing capacity, the pervasive scarcities and supply-chain failures,
and strategies to scale-up testing to the vast figures necessitated to ease the pandemic
(Madhav et al., 2017). Availing additional tests is not an approach in and of itself.
CAPSTONE PROPOSAL 5 If sufficient tests were achieved, this question would still linger in
our minds: What resolves are the outcomes intended to inform? Testing has numerous
rationales other than diagnosis and ensuring safety for health care staff. Testing data is
necessary for the management of all the features of a pandemic. For example, this data is the
keystone of pandemic extrapolative models. That makes known the future demand for
attention, the timing of surges, and the scale of the necessary emergency amenities. Devoid
of reliable testing data, analy ..Intensive Healthcare Facilities and Rooms Capstone