The document discusses the importance of thinking and learning in education. It argues that speaking, listening and thinking are core to the learning process. It provides examples of "thinking starters" or questions teachers can ask students to engage their thinking. The role of the 21st century teacher is to ask questions rather than provide answers and encourage students to generate their own ideas. Principles of intelligent learning include asking authentic questions, making conceptual connections, using exploratory dialogue, and having students make judgments and decisions.