This document discusses different thermal processing systems for UHT treatment, including infusion, injection, plate, and tubular systems. It provides information on choosing the appropriate system based on factors like product specifications, quality requirements, heat stability, flexibility needs, and operator skills. Infusion and injection systems are highlighted as providing gentle, accurate heating and superior product quality but having higher costs. Tubular systems have high regeneration rates but can cause more product degradation. Plates have low costs but issues with particulates or fibers. Pilot testing may be needed for new product applications.