Thermal power plants generate electricity by converting heat energy from combustion of fuels like coal into mechanical energy using steam to power turbines. They consist of major components like boilers, turbines, condensers and pumps. Thermal power is Pakistan's primary source of electricity, accounting for 64% of total generation. The Guddu Thermal Power Plant located in Sindh province was built in the 1980s with Soviet assistance and has a capacity of over 1,600 MW. While thermal power is a reliable source, it also causes pollution and environmental issues.

2. By: Farhan Latif
Aitzaz Ahsan Sandhu

3. • Abstract
• Introduction
• Basic Components & How It Works
• Block Diagram Of Thermal Power Plant
• Advantages Of Thermal Power Plant
• Disadvantages Of Thermal Power Plant
• Conclusion
• References

4. Thermal Power Plant is a biggest source of
electricity production by Fossil Fuels in Pakistan.
We will have the overview of Thermal Power
Plant its parts such as boiler, turbine etc.
Overview of Thermal Power Plant is very
important for better understanding of it.

5.  Thermal Power Station:
A thermal power station
is a power station in which heat energy is
converted to electric power. In most of the places
in the world the turbine is steam-driven. Water is
heated, turns into steam and spins a steam
turbine which drives an electrical generator.

6.  Nuclear
 Geothermal
 Solar Thermal
 Natural Gas
 Waste Incineration Plant
 Coal
We will discuss Coal Based Power Plant.

7.  Thermal power plants use water as working fluid.
Nuclear and coal based power plants fall under this
category. The way energy from fuel gets transformed
into electricity forms the working of a power plant. ...
When turbine blades get rotated by high pressure high
temperature steam.
 It consist of:
 Boiler
 Turbine
 Condenser
 Pump

9.  For better understanding we furnish every
step of function of a thermal power station as
follows. First the pulverized coal is burnt into
the furnace of steam boiler. High pressure
steam is produced in the boiler. This steam is
then passed through the super heater, where it
further heated up. This supper heated steam is
then entered into a turbine at high speed. In
turbine this steam force rotates the turbine
blades that means here in the turbine the stored
potential energy of the high pressured steam is
converted into mechanical energy.

10. After rotating the turbine blades, the steam has
lost its high pressure, passes out of turbine blades
and enters into a condenser. In the condenser the
cold water is circulated with help of pump which
condenses the low pressure wet steam. This
condensed water is then further supplied to low
pressure water heater where the low pressure
steam increases the temperature of this feed
water, it is then again heated in a high pressure
heater where the high pressure of steam is used
for heating. The turbine in thermal power station
acts as a prime mover of the alternator.

11. • It gives high efficiency
• Used For high pressure and high capacity steam
boilers.
• Demand more controls.
• Calls for very stringent water quality.
• Land required is less than hydro power plant.
• There are easier maintenance.
• Thermal power plant can be installed in any
location where transportation & bulk of water are
available.

12. • Exhausted gases harms outside environment
badly and Cause Pollution.
• The power generation cost is high compare to
the hydroelectric power plant.
• The released smoke produces the pollution in
the surroundings.
• The life time must be 25 to 35 years.
• Thermal engines requires huge amount of
lubricating oil that is very expensive.

13. As far as Pakistan’s generation concerned, it very
much dependent on thermal power.
Here it’s percentages are given:
 Thermal energy(fossil fuel): 64% of total
 Hydro: 30% of total
 Nuclear: 5% of total

14.  Guddu Thermal Power Plant, Guddu, Sindh 1655 MW
 Kot Addu Power Company, Kot Addu, Punjab 1350 MW
 Jamshoro Thermal Power Plant, Jamshoro, Jamshoro
District, Sindh 850 MW
 Faisalabad Gas Turbine Power Plant, Faisalabad, Faisalabad
District, Punjab 244 MW
 Multan Gas Turbine Power Plant, Multan, Multan District,
Punjab 195 MW
 Kotri Gas Turbine Power Plant, Kotri, Jamshoro District,
Sindh 174 MW
 Larkana Thermal Power Plant, Larkana, Larkana District,
Sindh 150 MW
 Faisalabad Steam Power Plant, Faisalabad, Faisalabad
District, Punjab 132 MW

15.  Shahdra Gas Turbine Power Plant, Shahdra, Lahore,
Lahore District, Punjab 59 MW
 Panjgur Gas Turbine Power Plant, Panjgur, Panjgur
District, Balochistan 39 MW
 Quetta Thermal Power Plant, Quetta, Quetta District,
Balochistan 35 MW
 Pasni Thermal Power Plant, Pasni, Gwadar District,
Balochistan 17 MW
 Total Thermal 4811 MW
 WAPDA’s total hydel and thermal capacity is 11,272
MW.

16. The Guddu Thermal Power Plant is a thermal
power station located in Guddu, Sindh, Pakistan.
Built in 1980s, the power plant was built with
joint technical cooperation and financial
assistance from the Union of Soviet Socialist
Republics (USSR).

17.  In April 2014, the then-Prime Minister Nawaz
Sharif inaugurated commissioning of two gas
turbines of 243 MW each.
 As of 2017, the station had seventeen installed
power units and it's contribution to the
national grid stood between 1,400 MW to 1,750
MW

18. •https://docs.google.com/document/d/1oCi_jH
WfH5y9ppJzhBZmx6cD
VJKyoB_5ZFBkSvVbj4I/edit
• https://www.electrical4u.com/thermal-
power-generation-plant-or- thermal-power-
station/
• http://www.mechgrid.com/thermal-power-
plant-and-its-working- principle.html