There are 4 essay questions. Please be sure to complete all of t.docx

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There are 4 essay questions. Please be sure to complete all of them with thorough substantive responses. Citations are required for all responses. 1. Summarize one example illustrating how microbes benefit human health. Can the removal of microbes actually lead to disease development? 2. Trace the path taken by pathogens from various portals of entry, through the establishment of disease, and ending with their exit from various portals in the host. 3. Conduct additional research and answer the following: Discuss what policies are in place at local, state, and federal government levels to prohibit the spread of disease in the case of a pandemic. 4. There are some who believe that HIV does not cause AIDS. Have all of Koch’s postulates been met for HIV as the causative agent that leads to the development of AIDS? Cite evidence to explain your answer. .

Modes of HIV Transmission and Personal Risk Factors Read Chapter 7 first. Then come to this assignment. Chapter 7 discusses the different modes by which HIV can be transmitted from person to person. The chapter tells us that the evidence for assigning risks to different levels of activities comes from two main sources: theoretical biological analysis and empirical epidemiological data, bolstered by lab data. Let me explain what this means: 1. "Theoretical biological analysis" means that scientists have learned many different things about the HIV virus by growing it in the lab. In the movie "And the Band Played On" you will remember that one reason it took so long to isolate the virus in the beginning was that is was difficult to grow in the laboratory. That's related to certain biological properties of the HIV virus. For example, the virus itself is not a living organism. No virus can grow on its own. Every type of virus need to grow inside a cell, called a host cell. Each type of virus has it's own range of host cells, and it can only gain entry to that cell by binding to a specific receptor on the cell's surface. The HIV, for example, can only get into cells by binding to a receptor known as the CD4 receptor, which only lives on the surface of a few types of cells. If a cell doesn't produce the CD4 receptor, the virus can't get in. How efficiently a virus can infect a person is related to how it moves from person to person (mode of transmission). The ability of the virus to be transmitted is also a factor of its "stabiity", that is, how long it can live outside the body, how long it can live at room temperature once it leaves the body, whether it can live on surfaces once it dries out, etc. Every virus is different. So based on what the scientists learn about a certain virus, they can predict how plausible it would be for it to be transmitted under certain conditions. 2. Empirical data: Regardless of what the scientists predict about the plausibility of infection, they must weight it against actual data. “Empirical data” is true data that has been obtained from an actual situation. Epidemiologists have learned a lot about how HIV is transmitted by exhaustive questioning of HIV patients and the people with whom they’ve had contact. They have learned what type of contact and activities can be associated with the transmission of the disease. This has allowed them to come up with a series of recommendations about the risk factors of contracting the HIV. In this discussion, each of you should write us a comment about something new that you learned from reading this chapter. Discuss the biological reason for your surprising finding. With so many questions up in the air, and so many abstract factors surrounding this disease, it is comforting to realize that the scientific thought process and data collection have given us a way to sort it all out. Epidemiology has removed at least some of the fear and panic associated with disease. E ...

Write a paper (2,000-2,500 words) in which you apply the concepts of

lorindajamieson

Write a paper (2,000-2,500 words) in which you apply the concepts of epidemiology and nursing research to a communicable disease. Refer to "Communicable Disease Chain," "Chain of Infection," and the CDC website for assistance when completing this assignment. Communicable Disease Selection Choose one communicable disease from the options below. 1. Chickenpox 2. Tuberculosis 3. Influenza 4. Mononucleosis 5. Hepatitis B 6. HIV 7. Ebola 8. Measles 9. Polio 10. Influenza Epidemiology Paper Requirements Address the following: 1. Describe the chosen communicable disease, including causes, symptoms, mode of transmission, complications, treatment, and the demographic of interest (mortality, morbidity, incidence, and prevalence). Is this a reportable disease? If so, provide details about reporting time, whom to report to, etc. 2. Describe the social determinants of health and explain how those factors contribute to the development of this disease. 3. Discuss the epidemiologic triangle as it relates to the communicable disease you have selected. Include the host factors, agent factors (presence or absence), and environmental factors. Are there any special considerations or notifications for the community, schools, or general population? 4. Explain the role of the community health nurse (case finding, reporting, data collection, data analysis, and follow-up) and why demographic data are necessary to the health of the community. 5. Identify at least one national agency or organization that addresses the communicable disease chosen and describe how the organizations contribute to resolving or reducing the impact of disease. 6. Discuss a global implication of the disease. How is this addressed in other countries or cultures? Is this disease endemic to a particular area? Provide an example. A minimum of four peer-reviewed or professional references is required. Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide. An abstract/thesis is required. Example of Communicable Disease Chain a. Infection Agent Microbes – all types Pathogenicity Invasiveness Virulence Infective dose Resistance b. Susceptible Host Defense mechanisms Immunity (natural or artificial) c. Reservoirs Humans Animals Plant/Soil d. Portal of Retry Same as exit e. Portal of Exit Respiratory Integumentary Blood GI Sexual f. Means of Transmission Direct Indirect ...

Vaccines

Bill Vanderbilt

Chapter 1Elvie Bernardo

Select ONE of the following viral agents for your assignment. - Human.pdf

aloeplusint

Select ONE of the following viral agents for your assignment. - Human papillomavirus - Influenza A - Hepatitis B - Rotavirus - Norovirus - Varicella-zoster - Ebola - Zika virus - West Nile virus Step 2 Research the chosen viral agent to examine the anatomical structures and diseases associated with it. Step 3 Using the template below, answer the following: 1. Where the organism is normally found, and how is it spread? 2. What are the virulence factors of the organism? 3. What are the symptoms and incubation pefiod of the infection caused by the organism? 4. How would you diagnose an infection caused by the organism? 5. Describe how the organism infects different organs and how the immune system responds to infection. 6. What is the current treatment plan for the infections caused by the organism, and what is the treatment success rate? 7. What populations are most at risk for infection? 8. What environments and sources are associated with the organism? 9. What are some public health implications of the infection caused by the agent? - Influenza A - Hepatitis B - Rotavirus - Norovirus - Varicella-zoster - Ebola - Zika virus - West Nile virus Step 2 Research the chosen viral agent to examine the anatomical structures and diseases associated with it. Step 3 Using the template below, answer the following: 1. Where the organism is normally found, and how is it spread? 2. What are the virulence factors of the organism? 3. What are the symptoms and incubation period of the infection caused by the organism? 4. How would you diagnose an infection caused by the organism? 5. Describe how the organism infects different organs and how the immune system responds to infection. 6. What is the current treatment plan for the infections caused by the organism, and what is the treatment success rate? 7. What populations are most at risk for infection? 8. What environments and sources are associated with the organism? 9. What are some public health implications of the infection caused by the agent? 10. What precautions can the public take to prevent infections?.

Select ONE of the following fungal agents for your assignment- Tinea.pdf

NeilJtnMetcalfef

Select ONE of the following fungal agents for your assignment: Tinea pedis Candida albicans Coccidioides Pneumocystis jirovecii Blastomyces Cryptococcus neoformans Histoplasma Tinea corporis Step 2 Research the chosen fungal agent to examine the anatomical structures and diseases associated with it. Step 3 Answer the following questions: Where the organism is normally found, and how is it spread? What are the virulence factors of the organism? What are the symptoms and incubation period of the infection caused by the organism? How would you diagnose an infection caused by the organism? Describe how the organism infects different organs and how the immune system responds to infection. What is the current treatment plan for the infections caused by the organism, and the treatment success rate? What populations are most at risk for infection? What environments and sources are associated with the organism? What are some public health implications of the infection caused by the agent? What precautions can the public take to prevent infections? Finally: References..

Select ONE of the following fugal agents for your assignment-Aspergill.docx

henry34567896

Select ONE of the following fugal agents for your assignment. Aspergillus, Tinea pedis, Candida albicans, Coccidioides, Pneumocystis jirovecii, Blastomyces, Cryptococcus neoformans, Histoplasma, Tinea corporis Step 2 Research the chosen fungal agent to examine the anatomical structures and diseases associated with it. Step 3 Using the template below answer the following questions: Where the organism is normally found and how is it spread? What are the virulence factors of the organism? What are the symptoms and incubation period of the infection caused by the organism? How would you diagnose an infection caused by the organism? Describe how the organism infects different organs and how the immune system responds to infection. What is the current treatment plan for the infections caused by the organism and the treatment success rate? What populations are most at risk for infection? What environments and sources are associated with the organism? What are some public health implications of the infection caused by the agent? What precautions can the public take to prevent infections? Assignment File(s) Unit 6 Fungus Template [Word document] .

Reemergence of Infectious Disease First the doctor told me the good news: I was going to have a disease named after me. —Steve Martin The number of new diseases appears to be on the rise: Ebola, HIV/AIDS, bird flu, SARS, and West Nile virus are just a few of the infectious diseases that either did not exist or were not as prevalent 40 years ago. There are many social trends, human practices, and other factors that contribute to the emergence and re-emergence of infectious disease. One of the key concerns of public health professionals is how to identify and address these factors. In this Discussion, you explore the factors contributing to the emergence and re-emergence of infectious disease and analyze how those factors can be addressed. You recommend strategies to hinder the emergence and re-emergence of disease and identify entities and partnerships that could implement or oversee those strategies. Reference: Thinkexist.com. (n.d.). Retrieved October 4, 2011, from http://thinkexist.com/quotation/first_the_doctor_told_me_the_good_news-i_was/220018.html To prepare for this Discussion: Review your Learning Resources. Reflect on the many factors provided in the text chapters that contribute to the emergence and/or re-emergence of infectious disease. Select one factor of particular interest to you. Evaluate public health strategies for addressing the factor you selected. Consider the entities and partnerships among local,state, federal, international, and nongovernmental agencies and organizations that could implement or oversee the strategies you identified. Due by Thursday 11/16/2017 Post a 350 word explanation of how the factor you selected contributes to the emergence and/or reemergence of infectious disease. Provide at least one example of a specific infectious disease that the factor promotes. Then, identify at least two public health strategies and explain how they could be used to address the factor you selected. Finally, describe entities and partnerships that could implement or oversee the strategies you identified and explain the role of these entities in controlling or preventing infectious disease. ...

Please Pick 2 question to answer from each chapter and provide refer.docx

christalgrieg

Please Pick 2 question to answer from each chapter and provide reference. 2 questions per chapter (chapter 15-20) 10 questions total. Word doc attached. Chapter 15 1.Explain the two main features that characterize the third line of host defense mechanisms. 2.Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) leads to the production of cancerous B cells, and treatment often involves bone marrow transplantation. Based upon your knowledge of lymphocyte development, explain how this procedure can lead to therapeutic effects in some patients. 3.Recently, scientists have been experimenting with using IRA-B cells as a treatment for hospitalized patients in an attempt to prevent them from getting septic infections. Speculate on what the principle behind this might be. 4.Provide an explanation to refute the following statement: Humans would never develop natural immunity to a novel biological agent created in a laboratory. 5. a.Explain how the anamnestic response is triggered by vaccination. b.Conduct additional research and discuss one current example illustrating how lack of herd immunity within a population has led to localized disease outbreaks in the United States. Chapter 16 1.Conduct additional research and discuss examples that illustrate how cancer can be both a cause of immune dysfunction and an effect of this process. 2.Summarize the roles of the microbiome and genetics in the development of type I allergic reactions. Discuss how probiotics or gene therapy could be used to alter an individual’s allergic response to antigen. 3. a.Draw a diagram illustrating whether or not each of the following transfusions would be immunologically compatible. Type A donor into a type B recipient Type B donor into a type AB recipient Type O– donor into a type O+ recipient b.Explain how xenotransplantation might be successful in light of the immune system’s robust ability to recognize foreign antigen. 4.Summarize the role of the immune system in the development of type I diabetes. Propose a strategy that could be used to protect young children from developing an autoimmune reaction, and subsequently type I diabetes, after a viral infection. 5.A patient in your unit exhibits frequent bouts of microbial infections and is found to produce extremely low levels of IgG and IgM antibodies. Your colleague suggests that the patient receive numerous vaccinations against a broad spectrum of common pathogens; you disagree. Why? Explain another treatment that may be beneficial to this patient. Chapter 17 1.Explain why specimens should be taken aseptically, even when nonsterile sites are being sampled and selective media are to be used, and explain why speed is important in the clinical testing process. 2.In the middle of an outbreak of measles (an infection that is highly communicable), a public health department is using immunologic testing to determine whether sick children have measles or not. If the children test positive, they are quarantined at home, .

Respond in the following ways (POSITIVE COMMENT)Share insig

mickietanger

Respond in the following ways: (POSITIVE COMMENT) Share insights on how the factor you selected( THE FACTOR I SELECTED IS ATTACHED BELLOW IN A DOCUMENT) impacts the pathophysiology of the disorder your colleague selected. Expand on your colleague’s posting by providing additional insights or contrasting perspectives based on readings and evidence. Main Post Factors that Influence Disease Scenario: A 23-year-old male presents to the emergency department with suicidal ideation and requesting detox from heroin. He has been homeless for the last four years, reports that he has many sexual partners, does not use contraceptives, uses heroin IV, and recently spent three months in jail for a drug-related offense. The patient complains of generalized fatigue and night sweats — the nurse practitioner orders several tests, including a sexually transmitted disease (STD) panel and a chest x-ray. The nurse practitioner suspects tuberculosis (TB), so the patient is moved to a negative pressure room. His results are positive for TB and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The factor that I selected was the patient behavior. The patient was a high risk for STDs because he was using drugs IV and not engaging in safe sex practices. According to the World Health Organization (2018), people with HIV are 20-30 times more likely to develop active TB. Furthermore, he was recently in jail. This crowded institutionalized setting is known to increase the risk of contracting TB. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (n.d) lists coughing, pain in the chest, coughing up blood or sputum, weakness, weight loss, no appetite, chills, fever, and night sweats as symptoms. The patient complained of fatigue and night sweats. TB is caused by an acid-fast bacillus that typically targets the lungs but can spread to other body systems. TB spreads via airborne droplets. Proximity to someone with active TB who is speaking, coughing, or singing can spread the disease very quickly. Once inhaled, the bacilli lodge in the upper lobe and cause localized inflammation (Huether, & McCance, 2017). The immune system attempts to kill the bacteria via engulfment by macrophages, but this is unsuccessful because the bacilli can resist the toxins released by the macrophages. The bacilli then replicate inside the macrophage, causing the formation of a tubercle. Tissues within the tubercle die, forming a cheesy material called caseation necrosis. This formation promotes the growth of scar tissue around the tubercle, isolating the bacteria from the host's defenses. TB can remain in this state for long periods, also known as latent TB. Once the immune system is impaired, the TB can reactivate and even spread throughout the body. Usually, the immune system is very good at identifying invading organisms and destroying them via phagocytosis. Unfortunately, TB is resistant to natural bodily defenses, which makes it a significant health care concern. References Centers for Dise ...

Case StudyWithout warning Mr. Lee begins to feel sick. is most.docx

troutmanboris

Case Study Without warning Mr. Lee begins to feel sick. is most obvious symptom is a high fever. Within 24 hours, everyone in the Lee household also feels sick and has high temperature. Before long, nearby households have the same experience, many people in the community are now sick. Question: The local health department would probably call on what type health professional to investigate this situation? Would the health professional label this situation an epidemic or a pandemic? If the symptoms are caused by a bacterial infection, list some ways the pathogen could have been transmitted to so many people within a short span of time. 2 page essay, APA style, with intext citation and referrence Research a disease that has caused a pandemic. You can choose a historical pandemic or a current pandemic. Make sure you include the name of the disease and how it is spread, what causes it (bacteria, virus etc.) and the signs and symptoms of the disease. Lastly discuss what makes it so communicable (what makes/made it spread so easily). .

Germ's theory and kochs postulates

Usman Khan

Hugins microbial endocrinology

Kevin B Hugins

Kevin Hugins research paper. Meriam-Webster defines endocrinology as “a branch of medicine concerned with the structure, function, and disorders of the endocrine glands.” When considering the human endocrine system, most people think of endocrine glands such as the hypothalamus, pituitary, gonads, adrenals, and pancreas. No one would deny that hormones released from endocrine glands have a powerful effect on cell function throughout the human body. A relatively new field of study called Microbial Endocrinology suggests that the interactions and effects of the human endocrine system involve more organisms than just the human.

Global Health.docx

write4

DISCUSSION QUESTIONS ENGLISH 1020-200 WORDS EACH1. In this unit,.docx

elinoraudley582231

DISCUSSION QUESTIONS ENGLISH 1020-200 WORDS EACH 1. In this unit, we have discussed both the introduction and the literature review. Throughout the process of writing both of these sections, you have no doubt gained a better understanding of the controversy that you are exploring with your paper. You probably have a better sense of your argument and what you would like your points to be for your body paragraphs. Consider what you have experienced over the last few units. We are at the halfway point in the course, so think about how far you have come. In this reflection, introduce your classmates to your project. Tell them about the pro and con sides of the controversy, and present them with your thesis statement. Then, consider some of the following questions as you reflect upon the road so far. If you want to, explain a little bit about your process. What have you experienced so far in writing your paper? Was it difficult or fairly easy to come up with your design? Do you feel confident about your progress so far? How do you feel about your thesis statement? What would you like to do in revisions? What step seems the most difficult or the easiest for you? DISCUSSION QUESTION AMERICAN GOVERNMENT-200 WORDS 1. Why do you think politically active citizen groups are generally more ideological—whether conservative or liberal—than is the society as a whole? Are citizens with strong views somehow more attracted to organized political activity than those with more moderate opinions? Explain your answer. There are many interest groups in America. After reviewing those found here (http://www.twyman-whitney.com/americancitizen/links/lobbies.htm) or here (http://votesmart.org/interest-groups#.UX_95ko7ZyY), pretend that you are going to join one and explain why. Then list two or three that you would not care to join and why. Question 1 1. Do you feel that special interest groups have too much power in politics today? Why or why not? Do you think we should allow these interest groups to continue to function as they currently do? Why or why not? What do you think would happen to our nation if we did not allow interest groups to continue to operate? Your response should be at least 200 words in length. You are required to use at least your textbook as source material for your response. All sources used, including the textbook, must be referenced; paraphrased and quoted material must have accompanying citations. Question 2 1. How has the news media evolved from the nation’s founding to what it is today? Discuss the various functions the news media has in American society. How well do you feel the media carries out these functions? Your response should be at least 200 words in length. You are required to use at least your textbook as source material for your response. All sources used, including the textbook, must be referenced; paraphrased and quoted material must have accompanying citations. Question 3 1. What are the two major types of inter.

Step 1Select ONE of the following fugal agents for your assignme.docx

rjoseph5

Step 1 Select ONE of the following fugal agents for your assignment. Aspergillus, Tinea pedis, Candida albicans, Coccidioides, Pneumocystis jirovecii, Blastomyces, Cryptococcus neoformans, Histoplasma, Tinea corporis Step 2 Research the chosen fungal agent to examine the anatomical structures and diseases associated with it. Step 3 Using the template below answer the following questions: Where the organism is normally found and how is it spread? What are the virulence factors of the organism? What are the symptoms and incubation period of the infection caused by the organism? How would you diagnose an infection caused by the organism? Describe how the organism infects different organs and how the immune system responds to infection. What is the current treatment plan for the infections caused by the organism and the treatment success rate? What populations are most at risk for infection? What environments and sources are associated with the organism? What are some public health implications of the infection caused by the agent? What precautions can the public take to prevent infections? .

Health-8-communicable diseases lesson.pptx

RobeguenRaeaARamos

ELSA aspects in drug development: Vaccination in pandemic cases / Rational dr...

Xplore Health

The development process of drugs as well as their use entails a series of associated ethic, legal and social aspects. In this teaching unit you will discuss some of these aspects and will gain further insight into the subject of vaccines, and will get to know the history and their use for the eradication of smallpox. You will also learn about pandemics and will find out more about emerging viruses.

Bioethics-_1_.doc pdf for medicine 1st sem

MukeshAadithya1

Causal pluralism in public health

University of Amsterdam and University College London

Immigration And Virulencemohamedgt

DQ1 Hi In 2023 we are will.docx

write12

Select ONE of the following fugal agents for your.docx

write12

There are many types of skin infections caused by different organisms-.pdf

sugan52

There are many types of skin infections caused by different organisms. Microbial diseases of the skin can be the result of a break in the skin that allows a microorganism to enter the body, a systemic infection that manifests itself in the skin, or toxin-mediated skin damage due to the production of microbial toxins at a site in the body distant from the point of the original infection. There are three categories of skin, soft tissue, or musculoskeletal infections discussed in your textbook: Bacterial Infections Viral Infections Fungal Infections Address the following criteria in your main response to this week's discussion: Choose ONE of the infections or pathogens listed in your textbook. Describe the pathogen(s) associated with the disease, the mechanism of pathogenicity (how the pathogen leads to disease), the common signs and symptoms of the disorder, and the treatment for the infection. Then, provide a case study highlighting your chosen disorder. Ask your peers to help you in diagnosing the disease! Please ensure that you check the discussion frequently to see if your peers have reached the correct diagnosis. Include any interesting information you find while researching this infection. Be sure to add at least one reference (using APA) which exemplifies where you learned about the material. This could be your e-text or another source. If you submit a video response, be sure to additional add a text response with your reference. All submissions should be in your own words. If you quote material, be sure to clearly designated these statements in quotations..

Select ONE of the following viral agents for your assignment- - Human.docx

WilliamjlhDuncanq

Using Scientific Method - Paper Towel Inquiry Scie

Melissa Wilson

Theory Into Practice Four Social Work Case Studies In this co.docx

susannr

Theory Into Practice: Four Social Work Case Studies In this course, you select one of the following four case studies and use it throughout the entire course. By doing this, you will have the opportunity to see how different theories guide your view of a client and that client’s presenting problem. Each time you return to the same case, you use a different theory, and your perspective of the problem changes—which then changes how you ask assessment questions and how you intervene. These case studies are based on the video- and web-based case studies you encounter in the MSW program. Table of Contents Tiffani Bradley ................................................................................................................. 2 Paula Cortez ................................................................................................................... 9 Jake Levey .................................................................................................................... 10 Helen Petrakis ............................................................................................................... 13 Tiffani Bradley Identifying Data: Tiffani Bradley is a 16-year-old Caucasian female. She was raised in a Christian family in Philadelphia, PA. She is of German descent. Tiffani’s family consists of her father, Robert, 38 years old; her mother, Shondra, 33 years old, and her sister, Diana, 13 years old. Tiffani currently resides in a group home, Teens First, a brand new, court-mandated teen counseling program for adolescent victims of sexual exploitation and human trafficking. Tiffani has been provided room and board in the residential treatment facility for the past 3 months. Tiffani describes herself as heterosexual. Presenting Problem: Tiffani has a history of running away. She has been arrested on three occasions for prostitution in the last 2 years. Tiffani has recently been court ordered to reside in a group home with counseling. She has a continued desire to be reunited with her pimp, Donald. After 3 months at Teens First, Tiffani said that she had a strong desire to see her sister and her mother. She had not seen either of them in over 2 years and missed them very much. Tiffani is confused about the path to follow. She is not sure if she wants to return to her family and sibling or go back to Donald. Family Dynamics: Tiffani indicates that her family worked well together until 8 years ago. She reports that around the age of 8, she remembered being awakened by music and laughter in the early hours of the morning. When she went downstairs to investigate, she saw her parents and her Uncle Nate passing a pipe back and forth between them. She remembered asking them what they were doing and her mother saying, “adult things” and putting her back in bed. Tiffani remembers this happening on several occasions. Tiffani also recalls significant changes in the home's appearance. The home, which was never fancy,.

Theory applied to informatics – Novice to Expertcjni.netjou.docx

susannr

Theory applied to informatics – Novice to Expert cjni.net/journal Editorial – Fall 2010 by June Kaminski, RN MSN PhD(c), Editor in Chief I am often amazed by the consistent confusion and silence that arises when I ask nurses what nursing informatics related theories they use or are aware of. I can sense their minds searching for mysterious elusive theories that they conclude that they must have missed. Only a few realize that many theories that they are already familiar with have great applicability to nursing informatics. One such theory is the time honoured Novice to Expert theory. The Novice to Expert Theory, a construct theory first proposed by Hubert and Stuart Dreyfus (1980) as the Dreyfus Model of Skill Acquisition, and later applied and modified to nursing by Patricia Benner (1984) provides a very useful and important theory that clearly applies to nursing informatics. The Dreyfus brothers developed the model while working with scholars interested in comparing artificial intelligence development and expert computer system programming to the human mind and the development of expertise. Within the field of nursing informatics, this theory can be applied to: the development of nursing informatics skills, competencies, knowledge and expertise in nursing informatics specialists; the development of technological system competencies in practicing nurses working in an institution; the education of nursing students, from first year to graduation and; the transition from graduate nurse to expert nurse. The currently accepted five levels of development within the Novice to Expert theoretical model are illustrated in the image above, as presented by Benner (1984). They start from the 1/4 http://cjni.net/journal/?p=967 bottom rung at the Novice level and move upward through Advanced Beginner, Competent, Proficient, and Expert levels. Dreyfus and Dreyfus (1980) initially proposed the stages of: Novice, Competent, Proficient, Expertise and Mastery. In both configurations, each level builds on the level before it as the learner advances from a neophyte level then gains knowledge, skills, perceptions, intuition, wisdom and most important of all, experience in their given field of practice. Distinguishing Traits Both Dreyfus and Dreyfus and Benner estimated that it takes approximately five years to move through the five stages from novice to expert but also elaborated that not all novices become experts. Some people get ‘stuck’ at the competent or proficient stages. Two personal characteristics that distinguish the successful evolution to the expert level seem to be a) deliberate practice and b) the willingness to take risks, to go beyond the ‘norm’. Deliberate practice is a trait shown by people who use a personal, goal-oriented approach to skill and knowledge development – they devote themselves to engage in progressively higher, and ultimately expert performance. This requires years of sustained effort to continually improve the quali.

Theories of LeadershipMany schools of thought have developed t.docx

susannr

Theories of Leadership Many schools of thought have developed throughout history that propose various theories about the source and development of leaders, how leaders are discovered, and how they can be identified. Early leadership theories focused on the qualities that distinguished leaders from followers; subsequent theories looked at other variables such as situational factors and skill levels. Evaluate the similarities and differences between two approaches or theories of leadership: the trait approach and behavioral theory; the Situational Leadership® Model and authentic leadership theory; or the transformational and transactional leadership theories. Begin by providing a brief summary of the two approaches or theories of leadership you have chosen to analyze. Then, examine the common characteristics and differences between the two approaches or theories you selected. Use a minimum of two scholarly sources to support your post. Cite your sources according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center. .

THEORIES OF INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENTPiaget’s TheoryWe begin wi.docx

susannr

THEORIES OF INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENT Piaget’s Theory We begin with the theory of the famous Swiss psychologist, Jean Piaget (Gruber & Voneche, 1995). Piaget disagreed with the behaviorist notion that children come into this world as “blank slates” who simply receive and store information about the world from other people (Driver, Asoko, Leach, Mortimer & Scott, 1994). Instead, Piaget argued that, at all ages, humans actively interact with their world, and through those interactions try to interpret and understand it in terms of what they already know. He also thought that humans change the ways in which they interact with and interpret the world as they grow older and more experienced. What is important for teachers to understand is (1) how children are likely to interact with and interpret the world at particular ages and (2) what factors lead children to move from less sophisticated to more sophisticated forms of interaction and interpretation. In describing how children interact with and interpret the world, Piaget proposed four stages of intellectual development. He believed that these stages were universal, that is, that children everywhere, regardless of culture or experience passed through the same stages. He also believed that children progressed through the stages in an invariant order, that is, all children move from simpler, less adequate ways of thinking to increasingly more complex, sophisticated ways of thinking. Piaget did allow that some children might develop faster than others and that some might never achieve the highest stage(s) of thinking. Piaget’s claims about stages of intellectual development have faced many criticisms, as you have no doubt read in your human development text. For example, it has been suggested that development is much more gradual and piecemeal than implied by the notion of a stage (Santrock, 2008, 2009). Nevertheless, these stages still provide a useful framework for teachers. In particular, Piaget’s stages provide clues about how students will interpret and approach many of the problems that you pose, as well as clues about the types of problems and experiences that are most likely to engage students and be beneficial for them (Elliott, Kratochwill, Littlefield & Travers, 2000; Feinburg & Mindess, 1994; Santrock, 2008). The four stages that Piaget proposed are described briefly below. Please note that the age ranges listed are only approximations. Sensorimotor period. This stage characterizes the thinking of children up until the age of 2 years. During this stage, infants and toddlers learn about the world by acting on it directly through motoric and sensory activities, such as sucking, grasping, and looking. In this way, they gradually learn about the physical properties of objects and develop rudimentary understanding of space, time, and causality. Preoperational period. This stage characterizes the thinking of children between the ages of 2 and 6 years. Preoperational chil.

Theories of Maladaptive BehaviorLocate at least two peer-rev.docx

susannr

Theories of Maladaptive Behavior Locate at least two peer-reviewed scholarly articles in the Keiser online library that demonstrate how the biological theory explains etiology in two different mental illnesses. Answer the following questions about each different mental illness: a) What are the specific biological mechanisms associated with each diagnosis? b) How would each diagnosis be explained by a major psychological theory other than biological theory (e.g., cognitive-behavioral)? c) Could each disorder be better understood by the combination of both biological theory and another perspective? If not, why not? If so, which other perspective is best? Why? Reading pic Overview, History, and Psychological Theories Readings Butcher, J.N., Mineka, S., & Hooley, J.M. (2017). Abnormal psychology (17th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson. Chapter 1: Abnormal Psychology: An Overview Chapter 2: Historical and Contemporary Views of Abnormal Behavior Chapter 3: Causal Factors and Viewpoints American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Washington, DC: Author. Introduction (pp. 5-17) Use of the Manual (pp. 19-24) Highlights of Changes from DSM-IV to DSM-5 (pp. 809 – 816) .

Theories help frame more than presenting problems—they also fram.docx

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THEORETICAL REVIEW Please read through these extensive assignmen.docx

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THEORETICAL REVIEW Please read through these extensive assignment instructions carefully. If you allow yourself enough time on this assignment, you can work with an online writing tutor by going to this website : https://case.fiu.edu/writingcenter/make-an-appointment/index.html OVERVIEW OF THE PAPER In this Gordon Rule Writing course, you will complete three writing assignments that build on each other to facilitate your progress. The goal of these writing assignments is for you to sharpen your research skills, apply communication theory to everyday life, and demonstrate college-level writing skills . SELECTION OF THE TOPIC 1. Select Section From the sections of our course textbook on communication theories, you will choose three sections to base your three Theoretical Review papers on. For the Theoretical Review Paper_1, you will work with the first section of the course textbook -- The Self and Messages . This section is assigned to you to get us started with the writing assignments, however, going forward in the course you will be able to choose the section you want to focus on for each Theoretical Review Paper. The sections you can choose from are below and they align with the sections of the course textbook. The sections on communication theories are: The Self and Messages (Chapters 4, 5, 6, 7) Relationship Development (Chapters 8, 9, 10, 11) Groups and Organizations (Chapters 14, 17) Culture and Diversity (Chapters 27, 28) Public and Media (Chapters 18, 21, 25, 26) 2. Select a Theory from each section From each section, you will select a theory you will research and write about in your Theoretical Reveiw Paper. For the first Theoretical Review Paper you will select theory/theories from (1) The Self and Messages (Chapters 4, 5, 6, 7); choose one theory to research. With that theory, you should research how the theory applies to some aspect of communication of interest to you. For example, here are some topics (sections of the text, theories, communication aspect) that other students have previously chosen: The Self and Messages Symbolic Interactionism (theory), intrapersonal communication (communication context), and self-esteem among college students (situation or issue from everyday life). Symbolic Interactionism (theory), intrapersonal communication (communication context), and its relationship to body-shaming (situation or issue from everyday life). Coordinated Management of Meaning theory, intrapersonal communication (communication context), and its effects on the business environment (situation or issue from everyday life). Cognitive Dissonance Theory, intrapersonal communication (communication context), and the effects on romantic relationships (situation or issue from everyday life) Expectancy Violations Theory, intrapersonal communication, and employer/employee relationships (situation or issue from everyday life) Relationship Development Uncertainty Reduction Theory, interpersonal.

Theoretical Medicine & Bioethics, 35, 31-42. To Treat a Psyc.docx

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Theoretical Medicine & Bioethics, 35, 31-42. To Treat a Psychopath Heidi L. Maibom Recent successes in manipulating the activity of the brain more or less directly—e.g. through transcranial magnetic stimulation or the administration of drugs that inhibit the production or reuptake of certain neurotransmitters—promise that one day soon it may be possible to treat a range of hitherto treatment resistant disorders [1-4]. Conventional treatment is typically unsuccessful with psychopaths [5-6]. Some people, however, are now quite optimistic about the possibility of treating psychopathy with drugs that directly modulate brain function [2]. Does the recent evidence support the idea that we will soon be able to treat psychopathy? I shall argue that it does not. Psychopathy is a global disorder in an individual’s worldview, including his social and moral outlook. Because of the unity of this Weltanschauung, it is unlikely to be treatable in a piecemeal fashion. But recent neuroscientific methods do not give us much hope that we can replace, in a wholesale manner, problematic views of the world with more socially desirable ones. There are, therefore, principled reasons that psychopathy is so singularly treatment resistant. 1. The Trouble with Psychopaths By contrast to depression, which can often be treated by the administration of mood-enhancing drugs (SSRIs or SNRIs)[footnoteRef:1] and/or psychotherapy, psychopathy is a disorder involving a wide variety of symptoms that, on the face of it, have little in common except for their moral and social undesirability. Depressive symptoms typically form a unified picture of a certain type of affective disorder. Psychopathy has been called a moral or an antisocial disorder [7, 8]. Where it seems relatively obvious, at least in theory, that to treat depression one must help elevate the subject’s mood and alleviate her despair, how to treat amoral or antisocial tendencies is less clear. And since we have experience of ingesting substances that are mood-elevators, at least in the short term, such as champagne or chocolate, it is not too far-fetched to suppose that other substances may produce a longer-term effect on a person’s mood. But what of amorality or antisociality? [1: Serotonin reuptake inhibitors and serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors.] On closer inspection, depression and psychopathy have more in common than it might seem at first. The two disorders represent more global divergences of cognitive and emotional functioning compared to the statistical norm. Depressed individuals tend to have a rather dark view of themselves and existence in general, associated with social withdrawal and lack of interest in activities, even those that were previously of great importance to them. Georg Northoff has suggested that depressed individuals may experience difficulties projecting themselves into the future or, if you like, imagining a future different from their current reality.[footnoteRef:2.

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK FOR A FAMILY AND PALLIATIVE NURS.docx

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THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK FOR A FAMILY AND PALLIATIVE NURSING PRACTITIONER Presented by: Iriabel Nepravishta * INTRODUCTION Peplau’s Theory Interpersonal Relationship Challenge Facing Palliative Care Practitioners Impact of Society Perception of Palliative Care on Health Care Outcomes Ways in which Peplau’s Theory can be used to address the Scope of Practice Restriction Challenge Perspective Offered through the Application of Peplau’s Theory Conclusion References A Palliative Nurse Practitioner (PNPR) is an advanced practice registered nurse. PNPR is trained to assess patient needs, diagnose disease, interpret diagnostic results and provide palliative medicine to treat illness with complex pain and symptoms. Additionally, PNPR will anticipate and meet the needs of the patient and family facing terminal illness and bereavement (Forchuk, 2015). * PEPLAU’S THEORY INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIP Three phases: orientation, working and termination phases Establish therapeutic relationship to provide better patient care. A guide for resolution of the issues and concerns Peplau’s Theory Views a Palliative Nursing Practitioner as a professional that establishes therapeutic relationship with patients. Peplau’s theory consist in 3 phases which are orientation, working and termination stages. During the orientation phase, the patient, family and nurse work together to recognize, clarify, and define existing problem. The working phase includes deliver and application of interventions, and services of care to treat, explore and change a situation. Finally, the termination phase includes resolution and successful completion of all the other two stages on finalization of care (Townsend, 2015). This theory is significant in palliative care because it will allow me to determine the needs of my patients and their families through the use of the orientation, working concepts. In doing so, I can serve as a resource person, a counselor and surrogate. In addition, I can provide individualized care that will meet the needs of my patients and their families. But most importantly, this theory is significant to palliative care because it will help me to transition patients and their families through end of life care by applying the concepts of the termination phase (Townsend, 2015 p. 40) , (Forchuk, 2015). * CHALLENGE FACING PALLIATIVE CARE PRACTITIONERS Perception of Palliative Care. Different approaches of care among health care providers Family conflicts. Cultural differences Today’s society struggles with the subject of death. We live in a decade where modern technology and treatments are prolonging life and the concept of natural death is seeming a vague illusion and almost an impossible concept to accept and face. We are dragged into the philosophy that there is nothing worse than letting our loves ones go and we hold them tight without acknowledging and respecting their wishes. Palliative Care Nurse Practitioners (PNPR) play an importan.

Theoretical PerspectivesSince Childrens Literature is written f.docx

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Theoretical Perspectives Since Children's Literature is written for the child audience, authors and illustrators need to understand how children develop emotionally, mentally, physically and spiritually. Authors and illustrators must cater to children through their use of ideas, language, images, and style. They must also understand how children learn in order to know how to integrate ideas with language, images and style for the child mind. In this section of our course, you will learn about three child development theories, including Piaget's theory on how children develop cognitively, Kohlberg's theory on how children learn moral reasoning, and Erikson's stages on how a child develops psychologically. You will also learn about two educational theories in children's literature, including Vygotsky's Social Development Theory and Rosenblatt's Reader's Response/Transaction Theory. Having an understanding of how children develop and learn will help you critique the many types of children's literature you will analyze in this course. Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development View the short film clip titled "Piaget's Stages of Cognitive Development" published by Khan Academy to gain perspective on Piaget's theoretical stages. Keep in mind that Piaget believed that knowledge is constructed--children's learning builds on what is already known. Use the following outline as a guide. What examples can you use to illustrate each stage? Stage 1: 0-2 Years of age--Sensorimotor Stage Children gather information about the world through their senses and their movement. Stage 2: 2-6 years of age--Pre-Operational Stage Children develop language skills and begin to use symbols to represent language. Stage 3: 7-11 Years of age--Concrete Operational Stage Children learn to use mental operations such as math reasoning. Stage 4: 12-Up Years of age--Formal Operational Stage Children learn abstract and moral reasoning. Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development (An expansion on Piaget’s Theory) View the short video titled “Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development Explained!” published by Learn My Test. Examine each level and stage carefully, and then consider the 3 main criticisms of Kohlberg's theory: Level 1: Pre-conventional Morality--at this level, children tend to obey rules to avoid punishment. They also make choices based on self-need. Level 2: Conventional Morality--at this level, children tend to conform to societal expectations. They typically respect and abide by rules. Level 3: Post-conventional Morality--at this level, children recognize that members of society should agree to standards that set rules; they view justice as more important than laws. Consider: Why is Kohlberg's theory on moral development important for authors to be aware of as they write literature for children? What are the 3 main criticisms of Kohlberg's theory? Are these criticisms justifiable? Why or why not? Erikson's Stages of Development View the short video clip about Eri.

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