The document discusses the passive voice in English. It provides examples of using the passive voice to focus on the action rather than the subject. It also discusses personal and impersonal passive constructions. The document concludes with exercises asking the reader to rewrite examples in different tenses in the passive voice.

1. By Khatuna Bedenashvili

2. Use of the passive voice The passive voice is used when the focus is on the action . It is not important and not known, who or what is performing the action. Example: My bike was stolen.

3. Use of the passive voice In the last example, the focus is on the fact that my bike was stolen. I don’t know however, who stole it. Sometimes, a statement in passive is more polite . Example : A mistake was made.

4. Use of the passive voice In the last example, I focus on the fact that a mistake was made, but I do not say who made that mistake and I do not blame anyone.

5. Form of the Passive Subject + finite form “ to be ” + past participle Example: A letter was writt en . When rewriting active sentences in the passive voice: The object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence. The finite form of the verb is changed (to be + pp) The subject of the active sentence becomes the object of the passive sentence (or is dropped).

6. Personal and Impersonal Passive Personal passive means that the object of the active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentence. Every transitive verb that needs an object can form a personal verb. Example : They build houses - Houses are built.

7. Personal and Impersonal Passive Verbs without an object usually can’t form a personal passive sentence. If you want to use an intransitive verb in passive voice, you need impersonal construction. Example : He says - it is said. Impersonal Passive is not as common in English as in some other languages (German, Latin). In English Impersonal Passive is only possible with verbs of perception (say, know, think).

8. Personal and Impersonal Passive Examples: Impersonal passive They say women live longer than men. It is said that women live longer than men. Personal Passive is more common: Women are said to live longer than men.

9. Passive Voice Exercises Write passive sentences in Simple Present. 1. the documents / print 2. the window / open 3. the shoes / buy 4. the car / wash 5. the litter / throw away

10. Passive Voice Exercises Write passive sentences in Simple Present. 6. the letter / send 7. the book / read / not 8. the songs / sing / not 9. the food / eat / not 10. the shop / close / not

11. Passive Voice Exercises Write passive sentences in Simple Past. 1. the test / write 2. the table / set 3. the cat / feed 4. the lights / switch on

12. Passive Voice Exercises Write passive sentences in Simple Past. 5. the house / build 6. dinner / serve 7. this computer / sell / not 8. the car / stop / not 9. the tables / clean / not 10. the children / pick up / not

13. Passive Voice Exercises Write passive sentences in Present Perfect. 1. the postcard / send 2. the pencils / count 3. the door / close 4. the beds / make 5. the mail / write

14. Passive Voice Exercises Write passive sentences in Present Perfect. 6. the trees / plant 7. the money / spend 8. the room / book / not 9. the rent / pay / not 10. the people / inform / not

15. Passive Voice Exercises Write passive sentences in Future 1. 1. the exhibition / visit 2. the windows / clean 3. the message / read 4. the thief / arrest 5. the photo / take

16. Passive Voice Exercises Write passive sentences in Future 1. 6. these songs / sing 7. the sign / see / not 8. a dictionary / use / not 9. credit cards / accept / not 10. the ring / find / not