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theory course - beekeeping techniques and legislation
- 1. beekeeping technique and legislation on beekeeping Theoretische Anfängerkurse FUAL Andreas Reichart 2016 1
- 2. Where can we place the bee colony? Skrop in Niedersachen Germany chunk hive, hollowed-out logs , ? earthenware pipe Marroko Theoretische Anfängerkurse FUAL Andreas Reichart 2015 2
- 3. Hive - back opening (Hinterbehandlungsbeute) • You need a beehouse • Migratory beekeeping difficult • Hive management difficult • You can work with the colonies while you‘re sitting • Good honey quality Theoretische Anfängerkurse FUAL Andreas Reichart 2015 3
- 4. Trough hive • Require a shelter • Migratory beekeeping difficult • To work at the hive by sitting is possible • Rarely used frames (Freudensteiner ect.) • Perhaps two frame dimensions Theoretische Anfängerkurse FUAL Andreas Reichart 2015 4
- 5. Warrébeute Natural honeycomb Control of the brood frames is difficult. Partly with glass window, so you can control the colony without opening the hive. © Ulrich Schläpfer Ein Bienenstand mit Warré-Bienenstöcken in der Schweiz Theoretische Anfängerkurse FUAL Andreas Reichart 2015 5
- 6. Top Bar Hive • Natural honeycomb • Migratory beekeeping not possible • Honey harvesting without an extractor Theoretische Anfängerkurse FUAL Andreas Reichart 2015 6
- 7. Magazine hive • Parts of the magazine hive The different parts are stacked one on top of the other and can be taken apart at any time. Theoretische Anfängerkurse FUAL Andreas Reichart 2015 7
- 8. The bottom board • The bee-tight mesh is open the whole year which allows the flow of air and humidity. Mould in the honeycomb can be avoided this way. • The open mesh bottom can also be useful to detect death varroa-mites, which can help to assess the effectiveness of varroa treatment. • A gate, a wedge, a grid or a foam plastic can be used to regulate (narrow) the entrance. drawer Theoretische Anfängerkurse FUAL Andreas Reichart 2015 8
- 9. The magazine • In the magazine you hang the frames • Important: compliance of the beespace! Theoretische Anfängerkurse FUAL Andreas Reichart 2015 9
- 10. The cover inner cover inner cover with bee escape outer cover Iron sheet covers Theoretische Anfängerkurse FUAL Andreas Reichart 2015 10
- 11. Important accessories queen excluder seperates brood chamber from honey supers intermediated bottom divide the colony for a short time and prevent the colony from swarming. Theoretische Anfängerkurse FUAL Andreas Reichart 2015 11
- 12. Double or single brood chamber? • double brood chamber • single brood chamber broodchamber 1 broodchamber 2 broodchamber honey super honey super 1 honey super 2 Theoretische Anfängerkurse FUAL Andreas Reichart 2015 12
- 13. Differences between single and double brood chamber Single brood chamber Double brood chamber Wax exchange complex easy, just but a magazine away. Swarm management max. 10 frames must be controlled Frames with brood in two magazine must be controlled frames You need two frames Only one frame distribution Semi- and professional beekeeper Hobby beekeeper nucleus Only frames from the brood chamber Frames from all magazines Queen excluder obligatory Without also possible Varroatreatment effective problematic Theoretische Anfängerkurse FUAL Andreas Reichart 2015 13
- 14. Location of the hives Important criteria: Avoid apiary locations in heavily shaded woods or in a damp bottom land since excess moisture and less sunshine retard the flight of the bees and encourage development of diseases. The apiary is best situated near natural wind protection such as hills, buildings, or evergreens. Other requirements are dry ground and good air drainage. Hold 10 meter distance to the neighbour! Theoretische Anfängerkurse FUAL Andreas Reichart 2015 14 Establish the hives 30 cm above the ground
- 15. Frame dimension • In middle europe we know over 70 frames dimensions. • Use only the frames that are commonly used in Luxembourg. DN, Zander, Dadant, Langstroth and some with Alberti frames for the hive back opening. • For a beginner it is easier to start with the same hive and frame type, like his mentor or the members of the beekeeper association. © Wikipedia Theoretische Anfängerkurse FUAL Andreas Reichart 2015 15
- 16. Beekeeping basics • Work correct with your bees (good beekeeping practices) • Ban chemical aids Theoretische Anfängerkurse FUAL Andreas Reichart 2015 16
- 17. Those drugs have got no to be used Theoretische Anfängerkurse FUAL Andreas Reichart 2015 17
- 18. Use only the smoker! (when you need him) Theoretische Anfängerkurse FUAL Andreas Reichart 2015 18
- 19. Beekeeping basics What you need • Hive tool • Bee brush • Smoker • Bee veil and gloves • Water sprayer Theoretische Anfängerkurse FUAL Andreas Reichart 2015 19
- 20. Autumn management • Get with strong colonies in winter • Feed them correct • Defeat the varroa with authorized drugs Avoidance of arrears in wax and honey Theoretische Anfängerkurse FUAL Andreas Reichart 2015 20
- 21. Spring management • Work only with strong colonies • Unite weak colonies • Winter food has to be removed before the cherry bloom Theoretische Anfängerkurse FUAL Andreas Reichart 2015 21
- 22. Honey super • Give the honey supper not before the colonie needs the space. • Open the entrance wide. Good ventilation is necessary. • Keep the colonies strong. • Use a queen excluder. You know always where the honey is. You must not control the frames if there is brood or not. Theoretische Anfängerkurse FUAL Andreas Reichart 2015 22
- 23. Queen excluder Bee escape Theoretische Anfängerkurse FUAL Andreas Reichart 2015 23
- 24. Honey super • Arrange honey super not with brood frames. • Use tidy frames. Theoretische Anfängerkurse FUAL Andreas Reichart 2015 24
- 25. Honey super Theoretische Anfängerkurse FUAL Andreas Reichart 2015 25
- 26. Honey harvesting • Control the water content at the beehive! Use a refractometer! Theoretische Anfängerkurse FUAL Andreas Reichart 2015 26
- 27. Honey harvesting • Harvest only capped honey frames Theoretische Anfängerkurse FUAL Andreas Reichart 2015 27
- 28. Honey quality = water content lower water content causes: • higher amount of enzyms • better taste Theoretische Anfängerkurse FUAL Andreas Reichart 2015 28
- 29. Extracting the honey • You need a room which is tidy, no mould, off odours, tiling floor and tiling walls and running water (hot and cold). • Good hygiene practice in food processing is important. Theoretische Anfängerkurse FUAL Andreas Reichart 2015 29
- 30. Honey extractor • Extractor • Uncapping set • Uncapping fork • Strainer • Buckets Theoretische Anfängerkurse FUAL Andreas Reichart 2015 30
- 31. Honey processing • Honey tank • Up and down creamer • Honey creamer for electric drill • Honey creamer Theoretische Anfängerkurse FUAL Andreas Reichart 2015 31
- 32. Beewax clarifying and desinfection Accruing wax must be melted: • Old brood frames • Uncapping wax • drone frames Theoretische Anfängerkurse FUAL Andreas Reichart 2015 32
- 33. Beewax steam wax melter Solar wax extractor Theoretische Anfängerkurse FUAL Andreas Reichart 2015 33
- 34. Foundation • Exchange by a beekeeping supplies • Own foundation pouring mould • Exchange your own wax by Geoges Gidt(only for members of the FUAL) Theoretische Anfängerkurse FUAL Andreas Reichart 2015 34
- 35. Cost for beginners • About 1600,- € for the initial fitting-out • You don‘t have to buy everything in the first year. • e.g. the honey extractor and the solar wax melter you can buy in the second year.
- 36. Cost for the fitting-out Working equipment: Smoker ca. 50,00€ Hive tool ca. 10,00€ Bee brush ca. 10,00€ bee veil ca. 40,00€ Electric wax embedder ca. 60,00€ ca. 170,00€ Cost per colony: Bee hive ca.100,00 € Bee colony ca. 60,00 bis 150,00 € Queen excluder ca. 10,00 € Hive strap ca. 10,00 € 2 kg Wax foundation ca. 30,00 € 20 kg Sugar ca. 10,00 € Varroa treatment ca. 10,00 € ca. 290,00 € To harvest honey: Honey extractor ca. 600,00 € Uncapping set ca. 130,00 € Strainer ca. 60,00 € Plastic busket ca. 30,00 € ca. 820,00 € For the wax hygiene: Solar wax melter ca. 150,00 € ca. 150,00 € purchase next year
- 37. Time you need for beekeeping • Depends on the nummer of colonies; • About 1h/colony/week; • Different distrubution in the year, from April to August is the busiest time; in January, February, March, November und December beekeepers can relax; • At the beginning everything takes longer; • Crucial is the location of the apiary;
- 38. . Legislation on beekeeping See also: apis.lu. • Law on agriculture • Registration by the verterinary office. • Règlement grand-ducal du 7 juillet 2003 relatif au miel. • Règlement grand-ducal du 21 juillet 2012 portant création de la Marque nationale du miel. • Loi du 18 avril 2008 concernant le renouvellement du soutien au développement rural. • Richtlinien für den biologischen Landbau der „Verenegung fir biologesche Landbau Letzebuerg asbl“ (bioLABEL) • Demeter Richtlinien für Bienenhaltung und Imkereierzeugnisse im Sinne biologisch-dynamischer Wirtschaftsweise Theoretische Anfängerkurse FUAL Andreas Reichart 2015 38
- 39. Eligible investments • List of eligible investments at a rate of 30% • Farm buildings (e.g. apiary, beehive stand, beehive, centrifuge and storage space); • Facilities for the processing of wax (e.g. wax melter, foundation press); • Facilities for the harvest and preparation of the honey (e.g. centrifuge, uncapping tool, honey filter, honey bucket, stirrer, honey defroster, bottling tool). • List of eligible investments at a rate of 20% • Dehumidifier; • Breeding facilities (e.g. mini-hive, insemination box, brood chamber, insemination device). • Further details and application forms are available from the ASTA: • Administration des Services techniques de l’Agriculture (ASTA) • 16, route d’Esch B.P. 1904, L-1019 Luxemburg • (Tel. 45 71 72-314, -315 or -327) • The completed forms and the construction plans (applications for an apiary or a centrifuge) should be sent to the above-mentioned administration. The bills and the corresponding payment documents have to be submitted for the deduction and the payoff of the grant. The following items are not eligible for government aid: bee colonies, used beehives, foundations, protective gear, smoker, chisel.
- 40. beekeeper magazine Theoretische Anfängerkurse FUAL Andreas Reichart 2015 40
- 41. local beekeeper association! • Contact person , help by problemes • Informationen from colleagues • Mentors • Exchange of information • Exchange of queens/colonies Theoretische Anfängerkurse FUAL Andreas Reichart 2015 41
- 43. Bee hives commonly used for beekeeping in Luxembourg Trough hive Warré hive Top Bar hive Hive back opening Magazine hive Divided brood nest no no no yes z.T. yes Brood nest controll yes yes yes yes yes Honey harvest yes yes yes yes yes Free location no yes yes no yes Easy learning beekeeping yes no no yes yes Varroa treatment yes yes yes yes yes Theoretische Anfängerkurse FUAL Andreas Reichart 2015 43
- 44. The beespace Larve space = space filled with comb Small space = space sealed with propolis Bee space = space respected
- 45. Styrodur or Wood - hive? Styrodurhive Woodhive Wight lower higher Amount of winterfood lower higher Watercontent in honey lower higher Strength of colonies same same Varroatreatment same same Self-building no yes Durability of hives same same Schwarmlust same same Theoretische Anfängerkurse FUAL Andreas Reichart 2015 45
- 46. Clean frames with caustic soda Boil them in 3% caustic sode , for about 5 min. afterwords good watering Theoretische Anfängerkurse FUAL Andreas Reichart 2015 46