The document discusses theoretical and conceptual frameworks for research. It defines a theoretical framework as using established theories to relate study findings to relevant knowledge theories. A conceptual framework refers to the ideas and theories that specifically support the study. Guidelines are provided for developing theoretical frameworks, including understanding study variables and relationships, reviewing literature, and selecting relevant theories. Variables such as independent, dependent, moderating, and mediating are also defined. Common examples of conceptual frameworks are also discussed.

1. THEORETICAL &
CONCEPTUAL
FRAMEWORK
Practical Research 2: Chapter 1

2. RESEARCH FRAMEWORK
illustrates the structure or blueprint of the research plan and
helps the researcher formulate relevant research questions
consists of the key concepts and assumed relationships of the
research project
can be presented using visual (diagrams, chart, etc.) and narrative
(paragraph stating the concepts and relationships of the study) forms

3. DEFINITION
A theoretical framework is commonly used for studies that
anchor on time-tested theories that relate the findings of the
investigation to the underpinning relevant theory of knowledge
A conceptual framework refers to the actual ideas, beliefs, and
tentative theories that specifically support the study. It is primarily a
conception or model of what is out there that the researcher plans to
study.

4. SIMILARITIES

5. DIFFERENCES

6. GUIDELINES IN DEVELOPING
RESEARCH FRAMEWORK
Theoretical Framework
 Understand the variables included in your study as well as their relationship
with one another.
 Review the existing literature related to your research topic.
 Using the information that you have gathered from the literature, look for
possible theories that may potentially account for the expected results of
your research topic.
• From these theories, select the one that is most relevant to your study and
can provide a blueprint for your research.

7. VARIABLES
Independent Variable
 The independent variable is the “presumed cause” of the research
problem.
 It is the reason for any “change” or difference in a dependent variable.
 It can be purposely manipulated by the researcher, depending on the focus
of the study.

8. VARIABLES
Dependent Variable
 The dependent variable is the “presumed effect” of the research
problem.
 It is usually the problem itself or the element that is being
questioned.
 altered as a result of experimental manipulation of the independent
variable or variables.
 It is also called as the criterion, effect, response, or outcome variable

9. VARIABLES
Moderating Variable
 The moderating variable is an independent variable which
influences the direction and the strength of the connection between
independent and dependent variables.
 The independent variable interacts with the moderator variable,
which makes the relationship of the independent and dependent
variable stronger or weaker

10. VARIABLES
Mediating Variable
 A mediator (or mediating) variable is an integral part of the cause-
effect relationship and helps us to understand the effects of the
independent variable on the dependent variable.
 It is a variable that describes the effect and influence of the
relationship between the variables and what is controlling that
relationship.

11. VARIABLES
Control Variable
 The control variable is a special type of independent variable that
can influence the dependent variable.
 It takes an active role in quantitative studies. Statistical procedures
are used to control this variable.
 It is useful to integrate the control variables into your research study,
but it is not the main focus

12. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

13. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

14. COMMON EXAMPLE OF
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

15. INPUT-PROCESS-OUTPUT MODEL
This conceptual
framework shows the input,
process, and output approach
of the study. The input is the
independent variable, which
includes the socio-demographic
and food safety profile of the
respondents. The process
includes the tools and analyses
in gathering the data, while the
output is the outcome based on
the results of the study.

16. ACTIVITY
In this conceptual framework, there
are assumed moderating variables
that are taken into consideration that
somehow can affect the relationship of
the independent variable to the
dependent variable. Hence, they
would potentially influence the
dependent variable.

17. ACTIVITY
In this conceptual framework,
there are assumed moderating
variables that are taken into
consideration that somehow they
would influence the relationship
between the independent and the
dependent variable. They can affect
the strength of the connection of the
variables.

18. TABLE OF CONTENTS
About the project
Describe the topic of
the section here
01 Project goals
Describe the topic of
the section here
02 Project stages
Describe the topic of
the section here
03
Major requirements
Describe the topic of
the section here
04 Sneak peek
Describe the topic of
the section here
05 Our team
Describe the topic of
the section here
06

19. OUR COMPANY
Mercury is the closest planet to
the Sun and the smallest one in
the Solar System—it’s only a bit
larger than the Moon. The
planet’s name has nothing to do
with the liquid metal

20. ABOUT THE PROJECT
Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun
and the smallest one in the Solar
System—it’s only a bit larger than the
Moon. The planet’s name has nothing to
do with the liquid metal

21. —SOMEONE FAMOUS
‘‘This is a quote, words full of wisdom
that someone important said and can
make the reader get inspired.’’

22. WHAT ARE WE WORKING ON?
Mercury
Mercury is the closest
planet to the Sun
Jupiter
It’s the biggest planet
in the Solar System
Venus
Venus is the second
planet from the Sun
Saturn
Saturn is composed of
hydrogen and helium
Mars
Despite being red,
Mars is a cold place
Neptune
Neptune is the farthest
planet from the Sun

23. SECTION TITLE
01

24. NOW
Venus has a beautiful name and is the
second planet from the Sun. It’s terribly
hot—even hotter than Mercury—and its
atmosphere is extremely poisonous. It’s
the second-brightest natural object in the
night sky after the Moon

25. PROJECT GOALS
Venus
Mercury
75% 97%
Mercury is the closest planet
to the Sun and the smallest
Venus has a beautiful name
and high temperatures

26. FUTURE
Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun
and the smallest one in the Solar
System—it’s only a bit larger than the
Moon. The planet’s name has nothing to
do with the liquid metal

27. BUDGET
Saturn is a gas giant
and has rings
Earth is the planet
where we all live
Venus is the second
planet from the Sun
Mercury is the smallest
planet of them all
Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then paste the
new one here. For more info, click here

28. PREDICTED RESULTS
Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun and
the smallest one in the Solar System—it’s
only a bit larger than the Moon. The planet’s
name has nothing to do with the liquid metal
Follow the link in the graph to modify its data and then paste the
new one here. For more info, click here
Saturn Earth

29. SNEAK PEEK
Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun
and the smallest one in the Solar
System—it’s only a bit larger than the
Moon. The planet’s name has nothing to
do with the liquid metal

30. SNEAK PEEK
You can replace the image on the screen with your own work. Just delete this one,
add yours and center it properly

31. A PICTURE IS
WORTH A
THOUSAND
WORDS

32. A PICTURE ALWAYS
REINFORCES THE
CONCEPT
Images reveal large amounts of data, so
remember: use an image instead of a
long text. Your audience will appreciate it

33. PROJECT STAGES
Stage 3
Saturn is the only
planet with rings
Stage 1
Venus is the second
planet from the Sun
Stage 4
Despite being red,
Mars is a cold place
Stage 2
Mercury is the
smallest planet

34. PROJECT STAGES
Despite being
red, Mars is cold
Neptune is very
far from the Sun
Mercury is the
smallest planet
Mercury
Neptune
Mars

35. TIMELINE
Day 3
Saturn is the only
planet with rings
Day 5
Earth is the planet
where we all live
Day 1
Venus is the second
planet from the Sun
Day 4
Despite being red,
Mars is a cold place
Day 6
Jupiter is the biggest
planet of them all
Day 2
Mercury is the closest
planet to the Sun

36. OUR PARTNERS
Venus is the
second planet
from the Sun
Saturn is the
only planet with
rings of them all
Mercury is the
closest planet to
the Sun
Venus Saturn Mercury
Earth is the
planet where we
all live
Earth

37. OUR TEAM
“Mercury is the closest
planet to the Sun and the
smallest one of them all in
the Solar System”
“Venus has a very beautiful
name and is the second
planet from the Sun. It’s
terribly hot”
Helena James
John Patterson

38. RESEARCH RESOURCES
● You can list your reference websites or publications here
● You can list your reference websites or publications here
● You can list your reference websites or publications here
● You can list your reference websites or publications here
● You can list your reference websites or publications here
● You can list your reference websites or publications here

39. AWESOME
WORDS
Key words are great for catching your
audience’s attention

40. 333,000
Earths is the Sun’s mass
9h 56m 23s
386,000 km
is the distance between Earth and the Moon
is Jupiter’s rotation period

41. PREDICTED RESULTS
Mars
Mercury 314 234 567
Venus 678 456 342
Saturn 234 333 126

42. 4,498,300,000
Big numbers catch your audience’s attention

43. DESKTOP
SOFTWARE
You can replace the image on the
screen with your own work. Just
delete this one, add yours and
center it properly

44. DESKTOP
You can replace the image on
the screen with your own work.
Right-click on it and then
choose "Replace image" so
you can add yours

45. You can replace the image on the
screen with your own work. Just
delete this one, add yours and
center it properly
TABLET APP

46. TABLET APP
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“Despite being red,
Mars is actually a
very cold place”
“Mercury is closest
planet to the Sun
and the smallest”
“Neptune is the
farthest-known
planet from the Sun”
“Saturn is a gas
giant and has
several rings”
“Venus is the
second planet from
the Sun and is
terribly hot”
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and the smallest”
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“Mercury is closest
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75%
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