The document outlines the elements and principles of art. The elements are the basic building blocks used to create art, including line, shape, form, texture, value, color, and space. The principles are techniques used to organize the elements, such as balance, emphasis, contrast, rhythm and movement, repetition and pattern, proportion, unity, and variety. Balance can be symmetrical, asymmetrical, or radial. Emphasis creates a focal point. Contrast uses differences to create interest. Rhythm and movement guide the eye through the artwork. Repetition and pattern provide unity. Proportion relates sizes. Unity and variety balance sameness with visual interest.

1. The Elements
and Principles
of Art

2. The Elements of Art
The building blocks
or ingredients of art.

3. LINE
Ansel Adams Gustave Caillebotte
A mark with length and direction.
A continuous mark made on a surface by a moving point.

4. Pablo Picasso

5. SHAPE
An enclosed area defined and determined
by other art elements; 2-dimensional.
Joan Miro

6. Gustave Caillebotte

7. FORM
A 3-dimensional object;
or something in a 2-dimensional artwork
that appears to be 3-dimensional.
For example, a triangle, which is 2-dimensional, is a
shape, but a pyramid, which is 3-dimensional, is a form.
Jean Arp Lucien Freud

8. TEXTURE
The surface quality or "feel" of an object, its
smoothness, roughness, softness, etc. Textures
may be actual or implied.

9. Cecil
Buller

10. VALUE
The lightness or darkness of a color.
MC Escher Pablo Picasso

11. COLOR
Consists of Hue (another
word for color), Intensity
(brightness) and Value
(lightness or darkness).
Henri Matisse Alexander Calder

12. Primary Colors
Red, Yellow & Blue
Secondary Colors
Red + Yellow = Orange
Yellow + Blue = Green
Blue + Red = Violet
Complementary Colors
Red & Green
Yellow & Violet
Blue & Orange
Tint is the mixture of a
color with white, which
increases lightness.
Shade is the mixture of a
color with black, which
reduces lightness.
Tone is produced either
by the mixture of a color
with gray, or by both
tinting and shading.

14. Robert Mapplethorpe
Claude
Monet
S P A C E
The distance or area between, around, above, below,
or within things.
Positive space (filled with
something) and Negative
space (empty areas).
Foreground, Middle-ground and
Background (creates DEPTH)

15. The Principles of Art
What we use to organize the
Elements of Art,
or the tools to make art.

16. BALANCE
The way the elements are arranged to
create a feeling of stability in a work.
Alexander Calder

17. Symmetrical Balance
The parts of an image are organized so that one side mirrors the other.
Leonardo DaVinci

18. Asymmetrical Balance
When one side
of a composition
does not reflect
the design of the
other, but still
balanced with
the help of other
devices.
James Whistler

19. Radial Balance
Radial balance is any type of balance based on a circle with its
design extending. from center. A star, the iris around each pupil
of your eyes, a wheel with spokes, and a daisy (among many
flowers and other plant forms) are examples of radial balance.

20. EMPHASIS
The focal point of an image, or when
one area or thing stand out the most.
Jim Dine Gustav Klimt

21. CONTRAST
A large difference between two things to create
interest and tension. Contrast can be between
the tones, or between the textures, etc
Ansel Adams Salvador Dali

22. RHYTHM
(and
MOVEMENT)
A use of elements in a way
that cause the viewer’s eye
to sweep over the artwork
in a certain direction
producing the look and
feel of movement.
Marcel
Duchamp

23. Vincent VanGogh

24. Repetition
(and PATTERN)
Repetition of an element or a
design to create balance and
unity.
Gustav Klimt

25. PROPORTION
The comparative relationship of one part to another
with respect to size, quantity, or degree; SCALE.
Gustave Caillebotte

26. UNITY
and
When all the
elements and
principles work
together to create
a pleasing image.
Johannes Vermeer
VARIETY

27. The use of
differences and
change to increase
the visual interest
of the work.
Marc Chagall