The use of ethnography in public relations research
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The document discusses the use of ethnography in public relations research. It notes that ethnography and participant observation methods can provide alternative perspectives to understand public relations practitioners and how PR operates in different contexts. It identifies a spectrum of observation approaches from complete participation to complete observation. While ethnography provides benefits like contextualizing practices, there are also limitations such as ethical considerations and the role of the researcher. Overall, the document argues that ethnography is a way to investigate questions not addressed by traditional PR theory.
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Abid Zafar
PERSONAL DETAILS
DOB June 04, 1989
Email aabidzafarwarraich@gmail.com
Phone 0322 570 66 59
Address Chandni Chowk, Jalal Pur Jattan, Gujrat, Pakistan.
PROFILE
An enthusiastic individual I approach tasks with results in mind. I am well organized and I can work well as part of a team or on my own. I like completing things on time, and making sure that I keep learning how to do things well and quickly.
EDUCATION
M. Phil Media & Communication Studies Continues… (2014-2016)
International Islamic University Islamabad
MA Mass Communication & Media CGPA: 3.90/4.00 (2013)
University of Gujrat
Published Dissertation: “Comparative Analysis of Political Parties’ News and Advertisements Coverage of National Urdu Dailies Regarding Election 2013” ISBN 978-3-659-52287-1
B.ED Division 1st (2013-2014)
Alama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad
BA Political Science Division: 2nd (2011)
University of Gujrat
Diploma of Associate Engineering Division: 1st (2008)
(3-Year Diploma: Mechanical), Government Institute of Technology, Gujranwala.
Matriculation (Science) Division: 1st (2005)
Government Islamia High School, Jalal Pur Jattan, Gujrat
WORK EXPERIENCE
Worked as Reporter and Sub-editor in Online International Network from July 1, 2012 to August 31, 2012 Worked as Producer, Host and Reporter at FM- 106.6 from 21th November, 2012 to 25th May, 2013 I have great approach at Online Journalism, attended many seminars I have great experience of producing audio and video documentaries, news bulletins, features, Reports in two years Masters Degree Vast experience of writing, editing News stories, Columns, Features, Investigative reports I have great experience of Social Science Research where I got A+ in Final Thesis Regular Blogger
KEY STRENGTHS & SKILLS
I have great approach of Qualitative and Qualitative Research Methods I have great skills of writing Thesis and Research Papers I have great skills of Investigative Reporting I have skills about reporting and sub-editing in English journalism where I have reported number of seminars, National and International politicians, personalities and celebrities I have great skills of script writing, News stories, Investigative Reports, Online Journalism, Feature & columns writing I have multidimensional skills in the field of Mass Communication & Media where I got 3.90 CGPA out of 4.00, which presents my passions in this field Regular Bloggers I have great leadership abilities where I represent my class in two years Masters Degree President of Readers Club, which was about to improve reading and writing habits, conducted many seminar under my presidency
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Conducting Culturally Sensitive Qualitative Research
DEVIKADIBYACHOUDHURI THE MULTICULTURAL GUIDELINES
One of the key elements of the American Psychological Association’s (APA, 2003) “Guidelines on Multicultural Education, Training, Research, Practice, and Organizational Change for Psychologists” is the notion of a cultural lens. The Multicultural Guidelines define culture as an embodiment of worldview, a complex of systems of values, beliefs, and resultant practices that shape the way individuals make meaning of the world. Using a visual metaphor, a cultural lens is then simply the field of vision that incorporates the landscape of culture. The Multicultural Guidelines invite psychologists to use a cultural lens, acknowledging the ways in which culture shapes their own lens, the multiple meanings that individuals may make about themselves and their contexts, and ways to be responsive and sensitive to such understandings of the world. Specifically, in terms of conducting research, Guideline 4 asks investigators to appreciate the importance of conducting culture-centered research and be sensitive to cultural issues regarding research focus, design, and methods. A cultural lens, by definition, is rooted in the subjective, the internal worldview view of a particular person from his or her particular location intheworld.Thissubjectivityofinternallyconstructedmeaning,asopposedtoapresumedexternallyobjectiverealitytrueforallpersonsin alltimesandcontexts,isthesociallyconstructedpositionofqualitative research.
OVERVIEW OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH
The practice of qualitative inquiry covers a variety of research methods and approaches that operate from an interpretive paradigm, developing portrayals of a complex and dynamic reality (Glesne & Peshkin, 1992). Symbolic interactionism (Blumer, 1969), feminist inquiry (Olesen, 1994), grounded theory (Strauss & Corbin, 1990) action research, case studies, and ethnographies are examples of the plethora of approaches constituting qualitative inquiry (Bogdan & Biklen, 1992). Qualitative research strives to understand the epistemological nature of phenomena through the subjective experiences of the persons who are concerned with such phenomena. Essentially, it is the process of finding out what people think and feel impressionistically and narratively rather than quantifiably. As such, this methodology lends itself particularly well to understanding the experiences and worldviews of diverse persons. For instance, Gibson (2002) looked at the experience of African American grandmothers who were caregivers to grandchildren whose parents were not able to provide them with adequate care. This phenomenon of kinship care, culturally congruent in the African American community, needed a qualitative approach to explore a complex, sensitive, and contextually rich situation and capture the lived experience of this clinically significant group. Qualitative approaches are becoming increasingly popular as a methodology for con.
Action Research-2015-Hopkinson-30-47
This document describes a study that used poetry as part of a critically reflexive action research co-inquiry with nurses. The researcher conducted a multi-stranded inquiry with three components: 1) a relational co-inquiry with 10 nurses over 8 months where they shared reflections and generated inquiry cycles, 2) an organizational co-inquiry presenting poems to senior nurses, and 3) a personal inquiry exploring how poetry has been used in social science and healthcare research. During the relational co-inquiry, the researcher unexpectedly began writing poems inspired by reflections on the nurses' experiences. These poems were later used to facilitate reflexive conversations and challenge assumptions about nursing practice. The study found that practice-based poems can elicit embodied
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The use of ethnography in public relations research
- 1. The use of ethnography in public relations research SARAH WILLIAMS MANCHESTER METROPOLITAN UNIVERSITY SARAH.WILLIAMS@MMU.AC.UK
- 2. Lack of ethnographic research in PR “anthropology and the ethnographic tradition offers public relations alternative lines of enquiry that can reveal the „public relations in everyday life‟ both of its practitioners and in the multiple con texts within which it operates” L‟Etang, 2011: 24
- 3. Observation and/ or participation Angrosino (2007: 6) identifies four main positions: The complete participant Participant-as-observer Observer-as-participant The complete observer
- 4. „schism‟ contextualising practice Moving PR scholarship “away from the centre and towards the margins”, Brown, 2012: 98
- 5. Limitations Ethical considerations The role of the researcher
- 6. TIME Willis & Trondman‟s premise that theory should be used to illuminate the data A means of investigating and finding answers to myriad questions which lie on the margins of normative PR theory