The document discusses the territorial claims and historical context of the Spratly Islands and surrounding areas in the South China Sea, involving various nations including China, Taiwan, Vietnam, Malaysia, Brunei, and the Philippines. It highlights key events such as treaties and military actions, particularly focusing on the claim made by Filipino lawyer Tomas Cloma in the 1950s and the evolving policies of the Philippine government regarding these islands. The document also presents the ongoing geopolitical tension and competing claims among the nations involved, indicating the complex history and significance of these territories.

2. China
Taiwan
Vietnam
Malaysia
Brunei
Philippines

3. Trivia
 There are no native
 The Spratly Islands are a islanders but there are, at
group of more than 750 least for now, rich fishing
reefs, islets, atolls, cays grounds; the islands may
and islands in the South contain significant
China Sea reserves of oil and natural
gas.
 Was not occupied until
France in the 1930 and  About 45 islands are
later by Japan in WW2 occupied by relatively
 comprise more than small numbers of
30,000 islands and reefs military forces from
which complicate Vietnam, the People's
governance Republic of China, the
Republic of China
(Taiwan), Malaysia and
the Philippines.

4.  after WW2 Japan and 49 other countries sign the treaty
of peace in san Francisco on September 8 1951 . Japan
renounces all right title and claim to the spratly islands
and the paracel island.
 However treaty does not say which of the nations is to
have the right of title or claim to those islands
 Again on April 28 1952 Japan and republic of china
signed a separate treaty of peace in Taipei the two
parties recognized that Japan had renounced all right
title and claim to Taiwan and Penghu as well as the
spratly and paracel islands again without specifying to
which the two island belong

5. The claim of the Philippines
 Tomás Cloma (18 September 1904–1996) was a
Filipino lawyer and businessman from the province of
Bohol. Cloma was born in Panglao to Ciriaco Cloma, a
Spanish settler, and Irena Arbolente, a native of Bohol.
 Tomas cloma= a marine educator , started visiting the
islands of the south china sea that are the closes to the
Philippine around 1947
 On May 11, 1956, together with 40 men, Tomas and his
brother Filemon took formal possession of the islands,
lying some 380 miles west of the southern end of
Palawan and named it Freedomland ( FREE
TERRITORY AND PROTECTED STATE OF THE
PHILIPPINES )

6.  On July 6 1956 cloma cited strategic reasons behind his
claim to freedom land ( an independent state) . He warned
that red china could be recognized by the U.N by the
end of the year he also pointed the resurgence of Japan
U.K and France ( which used to have a claim on the islands )
and the rise of the Vietnams , which could pose a
potential threat to the Philippines
 There claim would also help avert the threats while at
the same time sparing the Philippines legal
complications of annexing new territory
 The response of the government ( under Ramon Magsaysay
) was cautious ( although it accepted it ) limited to the use of
the department of foreign affairs as to the use of
government

7.  At first the policy of our government was that the spratly
island was under the trusteeship of the allied power
 Later in the late 50s up to the 60s the policy shifted to
RES NULLIUS
 But by 1971 under Marcos our policy changed it
became more forceful and aggressive in its claims on
spratly island Tomas cloma was jailed and under
extreme duress cloma ceded all his rights to
freedomland to the government in exchange for his
freedom
 Freedomland became the KALAYAAN ISLAND as a 6th
class municipality in the province of Palawan,
Philippines. According to the latest census, it has a
population of 114 people in 12 households.

8.  After the marcos era are claimed became ore passive
and reserve even as are neighbors were plunge into
Meany wars
 On May 23, 2011, Philippine President Benigno
Aquino III warned the Chinese defense minister of a
possible arms race in the region if tensions worsened
over disputes in the South China Sea. Aquino said he
told visiting Chinese Defense Minister in their meeting
that such an arms race could result if there were more
encounters in the disputed and potentially oil-rich
Spratly islands
 In June 2011, the Philippines renamed the South
China Sea and the Reed Bank as the West Philippine
Sea and the Recto Bank partly because of renewed
American interest in Asia and support for the treaty
between the Philippines and America

10. THE CLAIM OF CHINA
 At first it was nationalist china ( A.K.A TAIWAN)
AFTER WW2 claim the spratly island
 As early as 1946 after the defeat of Japan it
established a garrison itu aba spratly island west
York islands apparently to forestall French attempt
to return to the area
 But abandoned it in 1950 because of two things 1.
the fall of Hainan province to communist 2. all
nationalist forces were deemed necessary for the
defense of Taiwan itself
 It later retun its forces in 1956 partly because of
tomas claims on freedomland

11.  The PRC and ROC base their claims on the belief that the
islands have been an integral part of China for nearly two
thousand years and that neighboring countries and European
Powers took advantage of China's poor condition and
diversity to impinge on its sovereignty.
 There out look on spratly goes all the way back to the han
dynasty (206 B.C to 220 A.D) reflect contact of Chinese in the
south china seas reflected in literature travel reports and local
chronicles also cited was the maps drawn in the tang dynasty
(618-907) and standardization of the island names under the
song (1271-1368) an d the record of zheng he on voyages
during the Ming (1368-1644) AND ALSO ! The permanent
chinese fishermen in south china sea as early as the jin
dynasty (265-420)

12.  china has been figthing for the spratlys as early as the late
19th century in 1883 china protested the German surveys of
the paracel and spratly in 1902 to preempt France ambitions
on the spratly sent a naval task force to inspect the south
china sea island planting its flags and marker, in 1911 the
new republic put the parecel islands and the spratly on its
Hainan province and in December 1947 even as the
Chinese civil war was going the communist incorporated the
two island into Guangdong province
 As the international acceptance of western concept of
jurisdiction over fixed territories gained momentum like the
UNCLOS which thus not consider historical claim to open
seas china was forces to look for contemporary ways like
protest official statements and agreements up until recent
events rather than fully annexing it as it could do if it wanted

13. Vietnams claim
 Vietnam's response to China's claim is that
Chinese records on Qianli Changsha and Wanli
Shitang are in fact records about non-Chinese
territories
 Vietnamese claims that it has occupied the
Spratley and the Paracel islands at least since the
17th century, when they were not under the
sovereignty of any state, and that they exercised
sovereignty over the two archipelagos
continuously and peacefully until they were
invaded by Chinese armed forces

14.  an atlas of Vietnam completed in 1838, Trường Sa was shown as
Vietnamese territory Vietnam had conducted many geographical
and resource surveys of the islandsThe results of these surveys
have been recorded in Vietnamese literature and history published
since the 17th century. After the treaty signed with the Nguyễn
Dynasty, France represented Vietnam in international affairs and
exercised sovereignty over the islands
 Under France. from the late 1920s upto WW2 the French too
actively maintained a claim on spratly and annexing parts of it in
1930s claim that Vietnam continued after independence, and also
becaue of cloams claim of the freedom land
 In September 1973 veitnam award an off-shore oil exploration to
multinational; companies and annex 11 other island 4 month later
Chinese and south Vietnam naval clash in the parecel islands china
won. Reunified Vietnam still increase its presence in the spratly by
1987 in had 15 land feature in 1988 china and reunified Vietnam
engaged in Johnson reef in spratly Vietnam lose in geopolitical
term this enabled china to firm up and expand there military
presence they set up there fist military on the same year

15. an atlas of
Vietnam
completed in
1838, Trường Sa

16. Vietnam soldiers
marching on Spratly
island

17. malaysia and brunei’s claim
 on 1977 Malaysia places sovereignty markers on eleven land
features an by 1979 a Malaysia published NEW MAP depicting
its territorial waters and continental shelf that is projected from
sabah and sarawak which is composed of southern spratlys
claimed also by china Vietnam and Philippines EX AMBOYANA
BAY ( VIETNA MBY VIRTUE OF FRENCH CLAIM ), COMMODORE
REEF ( RIZAL REEF) IN PHILIPINES , AND IN 1983
ESTABLISHED A PERMANENT PRESENCE IN TEREMBU
LAYANG LAYANG WHICH IT OPENED FOR TOURISM IN 1991
 BRUNEI SINCE 1984 HAS CLAIMED EXCLUSIVE FISHING
ZONE from its coasline to the south china sea. But since 2003
both countries has hold talk over ther conflicting claim. And on
march 16 2009 Brunei sultan hassanal bolkiah and Malaysian
priminister announced the establishment of commercial
arrangement area (CAA) on oil and gas land demarcation and
the unsupendable rights of maritime access between the two
countries

18.  Occupied by China  Occupied by
(PRC)
 Johnson South Reef ·
Malaysia
Chigua Reef
 Mischief Reef · Meiji Reef  Ardasier Reef · Ubi Reef
 Subi Reef · Zhubi Reef  Dallas Reef · Laya Reef
 Erica Reef · Siput Reef
 Occupied by  Investigator Shoal ·
Peninjau Shoal
Taiwan (ROC
 Louisa Reef · Semarang
Barat Kecil Reef
 Itu Aba Island · Taiping
Island  Mariveles Reef ·
Mantanani Reef
 Swallow Reef · Layang-
Layang Island

19.  Occupied by the  Occupied by
Philippines Vietnam
 Thitu Island · Pagasa  Spratly Island · Truong Sa
Island Island
 West York Island · Likas  Southwest Cay · Song Tu
Island Tay Island
 Northeast Cay · Parola  Sincowe Island · Sinh Ton
Island Island
 Nanshan Island · Lawak  Sandcay · Son Ca Island
Island  Namyit Island · Nam Yet
Island
 Loaita Island · Kota
Island  Amboyna Cay · An Bang
Island
 Flat Island · Patag Island
 Lankiam Cay · Panata
Island