The solar resource abbasgholi

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This document discusses the solar resource and factors that influence solar radiation levels. It covers topics like the solar spectrum, Earth's orbit and how it affects solar radiation levels throughout the year. It also discusses how the sun's position in the sky changes during the day and year based on location, and how this impacts the amount of direct beam and diffuse radiation received by surfaces. Clear sky models and measurements are presented to estimate solar radiation levels under ideal conditions.

Engineering

CH7-Renewable and Efficient
Electric Power Systems
THE SOLAR RESOURCE
1behnam abbasgholi - alireza siadatan

General info :
• NAME : behnam abbasgholi(M.D)
• Renewable and Efficient Electric Power Systems-
• CHAPTER7- the solar resource
• Professor a.siadatan(P.H.D)
Summer 2016
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7.1 THE SOLAR SPECTRUM
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7.1 THE SOLAR SPECTRUM
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7.1 THE SOLAR SPECTRUM
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7.2 THE EARTH’S ORBIT
Earth Variation distance from the sun
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7.2 THE EARTH’S ORBIT
Earth spin axis from the sun
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7.3 ALTITUDE ANGLE OF
THE SUN AT SOLAR NOON
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7.3 ALTITUDE ANGLE OF
THE SUN AT SOLAR NOON
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7.3 ALTITUDE ANGLE OF
THE SUN AT SOLAR NOON
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7.3 ALTITUDE ANGLE OF
THE SUN AT SOLAR NOON
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7.3 ALTITUDE ANGLE OF
THE SUN AT SOLAR NOON
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7.4 SOLAR POSITION
AT ANY TIME OF DAY
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7.4 SOLAR POSITION
AT ANY TIME OF DAY
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7.4 SOLAR POSITION
AT ANY TIME OF DAY
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7.5 SUN PATH DIAGRAMS
FOR SHADING ANALYSIS
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7.5 SUN PATH DIAGRAMS
FOR SHADING ANALYSIS
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7.5 SUN PATH DIAGRAMS
FOR SHADING ANALYSIS
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7.5 SUN PATH DIAGRAMS
FOR SHADING ANALYSIS
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7.6 SOLAR TIME AND
CIVIL (CLOCK) TIME
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7.6 SOLAR TIME AND
CIVIL (CLOCK) TIME
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7.6 SOLAR TIME AND
CIVIL (CLOCK) TIME
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7.6 SOLAR TIME AND
CIVIL (CLOCK) TIME
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7.7 SUNRISE AND SUNSET
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7.7 SUNRISE AND SUNSET
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7.8 CLEAR SKY
DIRECT-BEAM RADIATION
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7.8 CLEAR SKY
DIRECT-BEAM RADIATION
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7.8 CLEAR SKY
DIRECT-BEAM RADIATION
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7.8 CLEAR SKY
DIRECT-BEAM RADIATION
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7.8 CLEAR SKY
DIRECT-BEAM RADIATION
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7.9 TOTAL CLEAR SKY
INSOLATION ON A COLLECTING SURFACE
• 7.9.1 Direct-Beam Radiation
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7.9.1 Direct-Beam Radiation
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7.9.1 Direct-Beam Radiation
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7.9.1 Direct-Beam Radiation
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7.9.2 Diffuse Radiation
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7.9.2 Diffuse Radiation
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7.9.2 Diffuse Radiation
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7.9.2 Diffuse Radiation
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7.9.3 Reflected Radiation
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7.9.3 Reflected Radiation
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7.9.3 Reflected Radiation
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7.9.3 Reflected Radiation
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7.9.4 Tracking Systems
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7.9.4 Tracking Systems
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7.9.4 Tracking Systems
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7.10 MONTHLY CLEAR-SKY
INSOLATION
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7.10 MONTHLY CLEAR-SKY
INSOLATION
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7.10 MONTHLY CLEAR-SKY
INSOLATION
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7.10 MONTHLY CLEAR-SKY
INSOLATION
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7.10 MONTHLY CLEAR-SKY
INSOLATION
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7.11 SOLAR RADIATION
MEASUREMENTS
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7.11 SOLAR RADIATION
MEASUREMENTS
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7.11 SOLAR RADIATION
MEASUREMENTS
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REFERENCES
• The American Ephemeris and Nautical Almanac, published annually by the Nautical
• Almanac Office, U.S. Naval Observatory, Washington, D.C.
• ASHRAE, 1993,Handbook of Fundamentals, American Society of Heating, Refrigeration
• and Air Conditioning Engineers, Atlanta.
• Collares-Pereira, M., and A. Rabl (1979). The Average Distribution of Solar
• Radiation—Correlation Between Diffuse and Hemispherical,Solar Energy, vol. 22,
• pp. 155–166.
• Kuen, T. H., J. W. Ramsey, and J. L. Threlkeld, 1998,Thermal Environmental Engineer-ing,
3rd ed., Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
• Liu, B. Y. H., and R. C. Jordan (1961). Daily Insolation on Surfaces Tilted Toward the
• Equator,Trans. ASHRAE, vol. 67, pp. 526–541.
• NREL, 1994.Solar Radiation Data Manual for Flat-Plate and Concentrating Collectors,
• NREL/TP-463-5607, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO.
• Perez, R., P. Ineichen, R. Seals, J. Michalsky, and R. Stewart (1990). Modeling Day-light
Availability and Irradiance Components from Direct and Global Irradiance, Solar
• Energy, vol. 44, no. 5, pp. 271–289.
• Sandia National Laboratories (1987).Water Pumping, The Solar Alternative, SAND87-
0804, M. Thomas, Albuquerque, NM.
• Threlkeld, J. L., and R. C. Jordan (1958).Trans. ASHRAE, vol. 64, p. 45.
• U.S. Department of Energy (1978).On the Nature and Distribution of Solar Radiation,
• Report No. HCP/T2552-01, UC-59, 62, 63A, March.
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The growing significance of portable systems to limit power consumption in ultra-large-scale-integration chips of very high density, has recently led to rapid and inventive progresses in low-power design. The most effective technique is adiabatic logic circuit design in energy-efficient hardware. This paper presents two adiabatic approaches for the design of low power circuits, modified positive feedback adiabatic logic (modified PFAL) and the other is direct current diode based positive feedback adiabatic logic (DC-DB PFAL). Logic gates are the preliminary components in any digital circuit design. By improving the performance of basic gates, one can improvise the whole system performance. In this paper proposed circuit design of the low power architecture of OR/NOR, AND/NAND, and XOR/XNOR gates are presented using the said approaches and their results are analyzed for powerdissipation, delay, power-delay-product and rise time and compared with the other adiabatic techniques along with the conventional complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) designs reported in the literature. It has been found that the designs with DC-DB PFAL technique outperform with the percentage improvement of 65% for NOR gate and 7% for NAND gate and 34% for XNOR gate over the modified PFAL techniques at 10 MHz respectively.

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DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODEL

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As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3) represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities. Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition, our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection accuracy rate of 99.50%.

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Low power architecture of logic gates using adiabatic techniques

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The solar resource abbasgholi

1. CH7-Renewable and Efficient Electric Power Systems THE SOLAR RESOURCE 1behnam abbasgholi - alireza siadatan

2. General info : • NAME : behnam abbasgholi(M.D) • Renewable and Efficient Electric Power Systems- • CHAPTER7- the solar resource • Professor a.siadatan(P.H.D) Summer 2016 2behnam abbasgholi-alireza siadatan

3. 7.1 THE SOLAR SPECTRUM 3behnam abbasgholi-alireza siadatan

4. 7.1 THE SOLAR SPECTRUM 4behnam abbasgholi-alireza siadatan

5. 7.1 THE SOLAR SPECTRUM 5behnam abbasgholi-alireza siadatan

6. 7.2 THE EARTH’S ORBIT Earth Variation distance from the sun 6behnam abbasgholi-alireza siadatan

7. 7.2 THE EARTH’S ORBIT Earth spin axis from the sun 7behnam abbasgholi-alireza siadatan

8. 7.3 ALTITUDE ANGLE OF THE SUN AT SOLAR NOON 8behnam abbasgholi-alireza siadatan

9. 7.3 ALTITUDE ANGLE OF THE SUN AT SOLAR NOON 9behnam abbasgholi-alireza siadatan

10. 7.3 ALTITUDE ANGLE OF THE SUN AT SOLAR NOON 10behnam abbasgholi-alireza siadatan

11. 11behnam abbasgholi-alireza siadatan

12. 7.3 ALTITUDE ANGLE OF THE SUN AT SOLAR NOON 12behnam abbasgholi-alireza siadatan

13. 7.3 ALTITUDE ANGLE OF THE SUN AT SOLAR NOON 13behnam abbasgholi-alireza siadatan

14. 7.4 SOLAR POSITION AT ANY TIME OF DAY 14behnam abbasgholi-alireza siadatan

15. 7.4 SOLAR POSITION AT ANY TIME OF DAY 15behnam abbasgholi-alireza siadatan

16. 7.4 SOLAR POSITION AT ANY TIME OF DAY 16behnam abbasgholi-alireza siadatan

17. 17behnam abbasgholi-alireza siadatan

18. 18behnam abbasgholi-alireza siadatan

19. 7.5 SUN PATH DIAGRAMS FOR SHADING ANALYSIS 19behnam abbasgholi-alireza siadatan

20. 7.5 SUN PATH DIAGRAMS FOR SHADING ANALYSIS 20behnam abbasgholi-alireza siadatan

21. 7.5 SUN PATH DIAGRAMS FOR SHADING ANALYSIS 21behnam abbasgholi-alireza siadatan

22. 7.5 SUN PATH DIAGRAMS FOR SHADING ANALYSIS 22behnam abbasgholi-alireza siadatan

23. 23behnam abbasgholi-alireza siadatan

24. 7.6 SOLAR TIME AND CIVIL (CLOCK) TIME 24behnam abbasgholi-alireza siadatan

25. 7.6 SOLAR TIME AND CIVIL (CLOCK) TIME 25behnam abbasgholi-alireza siadatan

26. 7.6 SOLAR TIME AND CIVIL (CLOCK) TIME 26behnam abbasgholi-alireza siadatan

27. 7.6 SOLAR TIME AND CIVIL (CLOCK) TIME 27behnam abbasgholi-alireza siadatan

28. 7.7 SUNRISE AND SUNSET 28behnam abbasgholi-alireza siadatan

29. 7.7 SUNRISE AND SUNSET 29behnam abbasgholi-alireza siadatan

30. 7.8 CLEAR SKY DIRECT-BEAM RADIATION 30behnam abbasgholi-alireza siadatan

31. 7.8 CLEAR SKY DIRECT-BEAM RADIATION 31behnam abbasgholi-alireza siadatan

32. 7.8 CLEAR SKY DIRECT-BEAM RADIATION 32behnam abbasgholi-alireza siadatan

33. 7.8 CLEAR SKY DIRECT-BEAM RADIATION 33behnam abbasgholi-alireza siadatan

34. 7.8 CLEAR SKY DIRECT-BEAM RADIATION 34behnam abbasgholi-alireza siadatan

35. 7.9 TOTAL CLEAR SKY INSOLATION ON A COLLECTING SURFACE • 7.9.1 Direct-Beam Radiation 35behnam abbasgholi-alireza siadatan

36. 7.9.1 Direct-Beam Radiation 36behnam abbasgholi-alireza siadatan

37. 7.9.1 Direct-Beam Radiation 37behnam abbasgholi-alireza siadatan

38. 7.9.1 Direct-Beam Radiation 38behnam abbasgholi-alireza siadatan

39. 7.9.2 Diffuse Radiation 39behnam abbasgholi-alireza siadatan

40. 7.9.2 Diffuse Radiation 40behnam abbasgholi-alireza siadatan

41. 7.9.2 Diffuse Radiation 41behnam abbasgholi-alireza siadatan

42. 7.9.2 Diffuse Radiation 42behnam abbasgholi-alireza siadatan

43. 7.9.3 Reflected Radiation 43behnam abbasgholi-alireza siadatan

44. 7.9.3 Reflected Radiation 44behnam abbasgholi-alireza siadatan

45. 7.9.3 Reflected Radiation 45behnam abbasgholi-alireza siadatan

46. 7.9.3 Reflected Radiation 46behnam abbasgholi-alireza siadatan

47. 7.9.4 Tracking Systems 47behnam abbasgholi-alireza siadatan

48. 7.9.4 Tracking Systems 48behnam abbasgholi-alireza siadatan

49. 7.9.4 Tracking Systems 49behnam abbasgholi-alireza siadatan

50. 7.10 MONTHLY CLEAR-SKY INSOLATION 50behnam abbasgholi-alireza siadatan

51. 7.10 MONTHLY CLEAR-SKY INSOLATION 51behnam abbasgholi-alireza siadatan

52. 7.10 MONTHLY CLEAR-SKY INSOLATION 52behnam abbasgholi-alireza siadatan

53. 7.10 MONTHLY CLEAR-SKY INSOLATION 53behnam abbasgholi-alireza siadatan

54. 7.10 MONTHLY CLEAR-SKY INSOLATION 54behnam abbasgholi-alireza siadatan

55. 7.11 SOLAR RADIATION MEASUREMENTS 55behnam abbasgholi-alireza siadatan

56. 7.11 SOLAR RADIATION MEASUREMENTS 56behnam abbasgholi-alireza siadatan

57. 7.11 SOLAR RADIATION MEASUREMENTS 57behnam abbasgholi-alireza siadatan

58. REFERENCES • The American Ephemeris and Nautical Almanac, published annually by the Nautical • Almanac Office, U.S. Naval Observatory, Washington, D.C. • ASHRAE, 1993,Handbook of Fundamentals, American Society of Heating, Refrigeration • and Air Conditioning Engineers, Atlanta. • Collares-Pereira, M., and A. Rabl (1979). The Average Distribution of Solar • Radiation—Correlation Between Diffuse and Hemispherical,Solar Energy, vol. 22, • pp. 155–166. • Kuen, T. H., J. W. Ramsey, and J. L. Threlkeld, 1998,Thermal Environmental Engineer-ing, 3rd ed., Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ. • Liu, B. Y. H., and R. C. Jordan (1961). Daily Insolation on Surfaces Tilted Toward the • Equator,Trans. ASHRAE, vol. 67, pp. 526–541. • NREL, 1994.Solar Radiation Data Manual for Flat-Plate and Concentrating Collectors, • NREL/TP-463-5607, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO. • Perez, R., P. Ineichen, R. Seals, J. Michalsky, and R. Stewart (1990). Modeling Day-light Availability and Irradiance Components from Direct and Global Irradiance, Solar • Energy, vol. 44, no. 5, pp. 271–289. • Sandia National Laboratories (1987).Water Pumping, The Solar Alternative, SAND87- 0804, M. Thomas, Albuquerque, NM. • Threlkeld, J. L., and R. C. Jordan (1958).Trans. ASHRAE, vol. 64, p. 45. • U.S. Department of Energy (1978).On the Nature and Distribution of Solar Radiation, • Report No. HCP/T2552-01, UC-59, 62, 63A, March. 58behnam abbasgholi-alireza siadatan

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