The document discusses the social context in 18th century Britain. It saw stability after religious and political divisions were resolved. The rise of the middle class and industrialization transformed society. Agriculture and industry modernized while the population boomed, straining living conditions in cities and towns. The working class endured long hours and unhealthy environments. However, new ideas from the Enlightenment began to spread and groups like the Methodists addressed social problems. Overall, the period marked major economic and social changes in Britain.
Geoffrey Chaucer (/ËtĘÉËsÉr/; c.â1340s â 25 October 1400) was an English poet and author. Considered the greatest English poet of the Middle Ages,[citation needed] he is best known for The Canterbury Tales, and is considered the "Father of English literature". He was the first writer buried in Poets' Corner of Westminster Abbey.[1] Chaucer also gained fame as a philosopher and astronomer, composing the scientific A Treatise on the Astrolabe for his 10-year-old son Lewis. He maintained a career in the civil service as a bureaucrat, courtier, diplomat, and member of parliament.
The 14th century is known as Chaucerâs age
It marks the beginning of a new language and literature
It was the age of transformation from medieval age to modern times
It was essentially an era of unrest and transition
Main writers of the age: Geoffrey Chaucer, William Langland, John Wycliffe, Sir John Mandeville, John Gower
Remarkable Events that Influenced Chaucer
Natural calamities
Black Death [Plague] (A.D. 1348-49)
Age of social unrest and economic troubles. -- Labor become unsatisfied with their salary. -- Efforts were made to keep the labors under control with the help of legislation.
Burdens of taxation.
Conflict between king Richard and his subjects
Features of Chaucerâs Age with Example
Standard English Language: Proper English without influence of other languages
Example: The Canterbury Tales, Chanticleer and the Fox by Geoffrey Chaucer; Piers Plowman by William Langland etc.
Realism: Concept of reality
Example: The settings of The Canterbury Tales
Church Corruption:
Example: The religious figures in The Canterbury Tales highlights many problems of church corruptions
Presence of Humor, Satire & Irony:
Example: The Canterbury Tales reveal Chaucerian Humor in the Prologue, showed Satire through the characterization & Irony to build up a satirical portrait.
Spirit of Romance:
Example: Courtly love, Romance, Marriage & Sexual Desire are found in the theme of The Canterbury Tales
Frame Story: A literary device that joins together 2 or more large stories or frame.
Example: The Canterbury Tales is a great indication of the frame work
Growth of Nationalism:
Example: In the writings of this age the influence of love for nation are found.
Victorian History and Literature(Novels, Poems & Drams )Fida Muhammad
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The Victorianâ era of British history was the period of Queen Victoriaâs reign from 1837 until her death in 1901. It was a long period of peace, prosperity, refined culture, great advancements in technology, and national self-confidence for Britain.
During theVictorian age, Britain was the worlds most powerful nation. By the end of Victorias reign, the British empire extended over about one-fifth of the earths surface. Like Elizabethan England, Victorian England saw great expansion of wealth, power, and culture. But as Victorian England was a time of great ambition and grandeur, it was also a time of misery, squalor, and urban ugliness.
Geoffrey Chaucer (/ËtĘÉËsÉr/; c.â1340s â 25 October 1400) was an English poet and author. Considered the greatest English poet of the Middle Ages,[citation needed] he is best known for The Canterbury Tales, and is considered the "Father of English literature". He was the first writer buried in Poets' Corner of Westminster Abbey.[1] Chaucer also gained fame as a philosopher and astronomer, composing the scientific A Treatise on the Astrolabe for his 10-year-old son Lewis. He maintained a career in the civil service as a bureaucrat, courtier, diplomat, and member of parliament.
The 14th century is known as Chaucerâs age
It marks the beginning of a new language and literature
It was the age of transformation from medieval age to modern times
It was essentially an era of unrest and transition
Main writers of the age: Geoffrey Chaucer, William Langland, John Wycliffe, Sir John Mandeville, John Gower
Remarkable Events that Influenced Chaucer
Natural calamities
Black Death [Plague] (A.D. 1348-49)
Age of social unrest and economic troubles. -- Labor become unsatisfied with their salary. -- Efforts were made to keep the labors under control with the help of legislation.
Burdens of taxation.
Conflict between king Richard and his subjects
Features of Chaucerâs Age with Example
Standard English Language: Proper English without influence of other languages
Example: The Canterbury Tales, Chanticleer and the Fox by Geoffrey Chaucer; Piers Plowman by William Langland etc.
Realism: Concept of reality
Example: The settings of The Canterbury Tales
Church Corruption:
Example: The religious figures in The Canterbury Tales highlights many problems of church corruptions
Presence of Humor, Satire & Irony:
Example: The Canterbury Tales reveal Chaucerian Humor in the Prologue, showed Satire through the characterization & Irony to build up a satirical portrait.
Spirit of Romance:
Example: Courtly love, Romance, Marriage & Sexual Desire are found in the theme of The Canterbury Tales
Frame Story: A literary device that joins together 2 or more large stories or frame.
Example: The Canterbury Tales is a great indication of the frame work
Growth of Nationalism:
Example: In the writings of this age the influence of love for nation are found.
Victorian History and Literature(Novels, Poems & Drams )Fida Muhammad
Â
The Victorianâ era of British history was the period of Queen Victoriaâs reign from 1837 until her death in 1901. It was a long period of peace, prosperity, refined culture, great advancements in technology, and national self-confidence for Britain.
During theVictorian age, Britain was the worlds most powerful nation. By the end of Victorias reign, the British empire extended over about one-fifth of the earths surface. Like Elizabethan England, Victorian England saw great expansion of wealth, power, and culture. But as Victorian England was a time of great ambition and grandeur, it was also a time of misery, squalor, and urban ugliness.
Power point presentation on work,life, and leisuresubhangam dey
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.This is a PPT on work,life,and leisure which is colourful, detailed illustrated one. this is very easy to understand. Just download it and you will know
Powerpoint presentation based on Strayer's 3rd edition, Ways of the World text for High School Ap-Honors World History students. Covers the Industrial Revolution, Socialism, Capitalism, Social Unrest, Europe, Russia, United States and Latin America
Work, Life and Leisure....... Power Point Presentationssh09
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This Power Point Presentation is based on the chapter "Work, Life and Leisure" grade X History. It is very interesting and will help students in understanding the chapter easily.
Industrial revolution was a great impact throughout the world. It has now improved our technology. Without industrial revolution there wouldn't be any social media, technology, transportation, etc. It was a great time for inventions and we should be grateful for it. But there were also the bad effect of it like global warming, air pollution, water pollution, etc. So in this presentation you can find the good and the bad effects for it.
AP WORLD HISTORY: Chapter 17 Revolutions of Industrialization 1750-1914S Sandoval
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AP world history - Ways of the World book by Strayer. Summary of Chapter 17: European moment in world history - Revolutions of industrialization 1750 to 1914.
Exploring the Mindfulness Understanding Its Benefits.pptxMartaLoveguard
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Slide 1: Title: Exploring the Mindfulness: Understanding Its Benefits
Slide 2: Introduction to Mindfulness
Mindfulness, defined as the conscious, non-judgmental observation of the present moment, has deep roots in Buddhist meditation practice but has gained significant popularity in the Western world in recent years. In today's society, filled with distractions and constant stimuli, mindfulness offers a valuable tool for regaining inner peace and reconnecting with our true selves. By cultivating mindfulness, we can develop a heightened awareness of our thoughts, feelings, and surroundings, leading to a greater sense of clarity and presence in our daily lives.
Slide 3: Benefits of Mindfulness for Mental Well-being
Practicing mindfulness can help reduce stress and anxiety levels, improving overall quality of life.
Mindfulness increases awareness of our emotions and teaches us to manage them better, leading to improved mood.
Regular mindfulness practice can improve our ability to concentrate and focus our attention on the present moment.
Slide 4: Benefits of Mindfulness for Physical Health
Research has shown that practicing mindfulness can contribute to lowering blood pressure, which is beneficial for heart health.
Regular meditation and mindfulness practice can strengthen the immune system, aiding the body in fighting infections.
Mindfulness may help reduce the risk of chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and obesity by reducing stress and improving overall lifestyle habits.
Slide 5: Impact of Mindfulness on Relationships
Mindfulness can help us better understand others and improve communication, leading to healthier relationships.
By focusing on the present moment and being fully attentive, mindfulness helps build stronger and more authentic connections with others.
Mindfulness teaches us how to be present for others in difficult times, leading to increased compassion and understanding.
Slide 6: Mindfulness Techniques and Practices
Focusing on the breath and mindful breathing can be a simple way to enter a state of mindfulness.
Body scan meditation involves focusing on different parts of the body, paying attention to any sensations and feelings.
Practicing mindful walking and eating involves consciously focusing on each step or bite, with full attention to sensory experiences.
Slide 7: Incorporating Mindfulness into Daily Life
You can practice mindfulness in everyday activities such as washing dishes or taking a walk in the park.
Adding mindfulness practice to daily routines can help increase awareness and presence.
Mindfulness helps us become more aware of our needs and better manage our time, leading to balance and harmony in life.
Slide 8: Summary: Embracing Mindfulness for Full Living
Mindfulness can bring numerous benefits for physical and mental health.
Regular mindfulness practice can help achieve a fuller and more satisfying life.
Mindfulness has the power to change our perspective and way of perceiving the world, leading to deeper se
Lesson 9 - Resisting Temptation Along the Way.pptxCelso Napoleon
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Lesson 9 - Resisting Temptation Along the Way
SBs â Sunday Bible School
Adult Bible Lessons 2nd quarter 2024 CPAD
MAGAZINE: THE CAREER THAT IS PROPOSED TO US: The Path of Salvation, Holiness and Perseverance to Reach Heaven
Commentator: Pastor Osiel Gomes
Presentation: Missionary Celso Napoleon
Renewed in Grace
The Book of Joshua is the sixth book in the Hebrew Bible and the Old Testament, and is the first book of the Deuteronomistic history, the story of Israel from the conquest of Canaan to the Babylonian exile.
The PBHP DYC ~ Reflections on The Dhamma (English).pptxOH TEIK BIN
Â
A PowerPoint Presentation based on the Dhamma Reflections for the PBHP DYC for the years 1993 â 2012. To motivate and inspire DYC members to keep on practicing the Dhamma and to do the meritorious deed of Dhammaduta work.
The texts are in English.
For the Video with audio narration, comments and texts in English, please check out the Link:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zF2g_43NEa0
In Jude 17-23 Jude shifts from piling up examples of false teachers from the Old Testament to a series of practical exhortations that flow from apostolic instruction. He preserves for us what may well have been part of the apostolic catechism for the first generation of Christ-followers. In these instructions Jude exhorts the believer to deal with 3 different groups of people: scoffers who are "devoid of the Spirit", believers who have come under the influence of scoffers and believers who are so entrenched in false teaching that they need rescue and pose some real spiritual risk for the rescuer. In all of this Jude emphasizes Jesus' call to rescue straying sheep, leaving the 99 safely behind and pursuing the 1.
The Chakra System in our body - A Portal to Interdimensional Consciousness.pptxBharat Technology
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each chakra is studied in greater detail, several steps have been included to
strengthen your personal intention to open each chakra more fully. These are designed
to draw forth the highest benefit for your spiritual growth.
The Good News, newsletter for June 2024 is hereNoHo FUMC
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Our monthly newsletter is available to read online. We hope you will join us each Sunday in person for our worship service. Make sure to subscribe and follow us on YouTube and social media.
What Should be the Christian View of Anime?Joe Muraguri
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We will learn what Anime is and see what a Christian should consider before watching anime movies? We will also learn a little bit of Shintoism religion and hentai (the craze of internet pornography today).
HANUMAN STORIES: TIMELESS TEACHINGS FOR TODAYâS WORLDLearnyoga
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Hanuman Stories: Timeless Teachings for Todayâs World" delves into the inspiring tales of Hanuman, highlighting lessons of devotion, strength, and selfless service that resonate in modern life. These stories illustrate how Hanuman's unwavering faith and courage can guide us through challenges and foster resilience. Through these timeless narratives, readers can find profound wisdom to apply in their daily lives.
2. Context
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General features of 17th century social backround
The situation at the beginning of the augustan age
Agriculture
Nationalism
Industial Revolution
The Rise of Middle Class
The Downside of the Progress
Everyday Life
Living Conditions
Population/ Transportation /Methodists
3. WHAT WE SAW IN 17TH CENTURY??
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17th century was a time of constant religious and
political fighting.
This age stabilized the relationships between
church and state, Parliment and monarchy.
These regulations provided a base for future
economic and colonial expansion.
%80 of the population made their living off land.
4. īļ
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Colonial expansion improved the quality of life.
Pepper and other spicies were brought and meat was
avaliable all year any more.
Peopleâs free time was influenced by the political
issues.For example, in Puritan period, all public
entertainment was banned and theatres were closed.
In restoration period, people started having fun again and
London became a theatrical centre with various kinds of
sports and plays.
An economic policy called Mercantilism was put into
practice.
5. īļ
The outbreak of plague and the Great Fire of 1666
decimated the population and destroyed most of the
buildings.
6. BRITAIN (1702-1776) , AUGUSTAN AGE
ENLIGHTENME
NT
STABILITY
SATISFACTORILY RESOLVED
POLITICAL AND RELIGIOUS DIVISIONS
INCREASE IN
PUBLIC READING
MECHANISATIO
N
COFFEE
NATIONALIS
HOUSES M
INDUSTRIAL
REVOLUTIO
N
THE RISE OF MIDDLE CLASS
7. RATIONALISM
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There was a prevailing spirit of optimism among the
upper classes.
A tendency to put faith in the rational capabilities of
man in keeping with the intellectual climate of
enlightenment.
Romanticism raised its furiously anti-classical head.
Order, reason and balance ruled the day and as a
consequence of this, rational discoveries occured.
John Locke and Sir Isaac Newton played an important
role in bringing about a new way of considering the
world which surrounds us.
Rebellion, under the guise of romanticism, was lurking
impatiently in the wings in the same time.
9. AGRICULTURE
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For centuries, agriculture provided employment for
most of the population.
Little had changed, in 1700, farmers and peasants
still grew crops and raised sheep.
In order to meet the ever- increasing demand for
wool, the system of land enclosure was intensified.
10. īļ
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The common lands were split up and fenced into large
farms by wealthy farmers.
These farms enabled sheep and cattle to survive in the
winter.
Land Enclosures became highly efficient and provided
the necessary raw material for the booming clothing
industry and growing industrial revolution.
11. THE START OF INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
īļ With wool, being produced in greater quantities than ever, new
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technologies and efficient labour organisation were needed to
transform it into the finished products that expanding market
demanded.
To satisfy this demand, small factories were built.
Wool and cloth were the prime sources of wealth during the early
years, coal and iron were the foundation stones on which the
revolution was built.
12. MECHANISATION
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The production was split up and each worker did one
specific job.
Along with the innovative work practices,
mechanisation was the key to success for newly-born
British industrial sector.
As a giant step, automatic looms that could make cloth
quickly were invented.
13. ī§
ī§
ī§
ī§
Both industry and agriculture had met the challanges of a
changing world by innovating and modernising.
The establishment of the Bank of England(1964) complemented
the the establishment of insurance and trading companies.
Economic and business life became respectable in the hands of an
emerging middle class consisting of bankers, traders, merchants.
These changes improved the quality of life for many, but others
found their lifes upside-down and struggled to come to terms with
a new world.
14. POPULATION
ī
ī
ī
ī
The total population of England was far smaller than
today,less than a large contemporary city.
The poor were by far the the largest part of the
population.
It was difficult to calculate changes in size and
distribution of the population because the census was
forbidden for hiding the weakness from populous
France. Also they thought that a cencus would subvert
the individual liberty.
One thing is clear, the population grew greatly in this
period.
15. ī
London had become a modern city, the
commercial and cultural centre of
England, doubling its population to one million.
ī
British society was slowly but surely became more
industrialised as the century wore on.
16. Adam Smith(1723-1790)
1776
ī It
is a founding book of modern economic thought. Smith
criticised Britanâs trade policies and argued that labour was
the real source of wealth.
17. WORKING CONDITIONS
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Lands were enclosed and common land became scare ,
because of that so many peasants had to find other ways
of living.
Many went to work in cities , the others remained in
country and fell into poverty.
Workhouses were built all over the country in order to
deal with the increasing number of poor peasants.
18. īą
īą
īą
Many people who went to cities found job, but they had
to endure subhuman living and working conditions.
Factories need so much workers so the women, men
and children.
No allowance was given for the children, they had to
work the same long hours and endure the same unhealthy
environment.
19. LIVING CONDITIONS
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The people in the rural often lived in two-room
cottages or in mud hovels.
Cities were even worse than rural areas. Many
families lived in overcrowded slums without any
form of sanitation. Some people didnât have beds
and they slept on the floor.
It is estimated that only one child in four in London
became an adult.
Crime was another great problem of this period.
Considering the small number of wealthy people
and vast number of poor, the results are
predictable.
20. īą New capital offences were created. For
example, someone could be hanged for picking a
pocket to the value of 12 pence, or for being found in
the company of gypsies.
21. QUALITY OF LIFE
īą
īą
īą
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Hospitals bacame a feature of most new towns and life
expectancy increased for those who managed to survive.
Many towns collected a new tax called ââratesââ. This
money was used for improving living conditions. A
sense of civic pride developed among the inhabitants.
In this period , the poor were not yet organized
politically. But there were so much small riots.
But these were very limited and without any political
ends.
22. METHODISM
o
o
o
John Wesley (17031791)
Methodism was the first of the
organized movements of the poor.
John Wesley was the founder of this
religious movement.
Wesley offered humility and hard
work as a solution to the problems
of the poor people.
He adressed the sipiritual needs.
23. COFFEE HOUSES & GIN
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Two drinks played an important role in 18th century in Britain.
Drinking alcohol with gambling was a way to escape from
tiredness of the working day.
So gin palaces bacame the favorite places with cheap liquor .
The social effect of heavy drinking was devastating, families were
ruined and the cities were full of drunken mobs.
24. īļ
īļ
Coffee was brought with colonies. The first coffee
house was opened in London and followed by many in
18th century.
They were favorite meeting places for the middle and
upper-classes who exchanged information about politics,
literature and business.
25. THE RISE OF MIDDLE CLASS
ī§
ī§
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The voice of middle classes was not heard only in coffee
houses but in society at large.
They were the people who had become rich thanks to
the agricultural and industrial revolutions.
They were farmers who modernised their enclosed
lands, the factory owners who has entrepreneurial spirit
and the merchants who traded around the world.
26. THE EFFECTS ON LITERATURE
The reading public was
changing and taste for reading
was spreading.
īļ Female readers become
increasingly important, as fine
ladies have much leisure times.
īļ The rising middle-class were
hungry for knowledge , literary
representations of changing
social reality.
īļ Coffee houses became the centre
of active public opinion about
literature.
īļ