The document describes the scientific method and provides examples of its steps and use. It then lists and briefly describes various tools used in scientific experiments and research, including observing tools like microscopes and telescopes, measuring tools like thermometers, balances, and rulers, and heating tools like alcohol lamps and Bunsen burners. Scientific tools allow scientists to make careful observations, take precise measurements, and control experimental conditions.

1. The Scientific
Method

2. •Scientific Method is a logical
way of answering questions or
solving problems based on
observable or measurable
evidence.

3. Asking a Question
Doing Research
Forming a Hypothesis
Conducting an Experiment
Gathering and Analyzing Data
Drawing a Conclusion
The Scientific Method

4. Example Scientific Problem: Vitamin C on mice
Asking a Question Do mice grow larger if given
vitamin C?
Doing Research Learn about mice, their diet and
vitamin C
Forming a Hypothesis If mice are given vitamin C then
they will grow larger.
Conducting an Experiment Two groups of mice – one gets
vitamin C, one does not.
Gathering and Analyzing Data Weigh mice after 2 weeks –
both groups are the same size
Drawing a Conclusion Hypothesis is not correct. Therefore,
vitamin C does not affect the growth of the
mice.

5. Scientific Tools

6. EYEGLASSES –
for eye protection
OBSERVING TOOLS

7. HANDLENS - used to
produce a magnified
image of an object

8. MICROSCOPE
A laboratory
instrument used to
examine objects
that are too small
to be seen by the
naked eye.

9. TELESCOPE
A telescope is an optical
instrument using lenses, curved
mirrors, or a combination of both
to observe distant objects, or
various devices used to observe
distant objects by their emission,
absorption, or reflection of
electromagnetic radiation.

10. CAMERAS
- are specifically
designed to record
images for microscopy
and similar applications
that require minimal
noise interferences from
the camera's response to
light signal.

11. MERCURY
THERMOMETER
MEASURING TOOLS
Mercury is the only metal that is in
liquid state at room temperature.
It is used in thermometers because it
has a high coefficient of expansion
which makes it easy to move in the
thermometers as per the
temperatures. Mercury has a boiling
point which makes it suitable to
measure higher temperatures.

12. TRIPLE BEAM BALANCE
The triple beam balance is an
instrument used to measure mass very
precisely.

13. METERSTICK
A meterstick or yardstick is either a
straightedge or foldable ruler used to measure
length, and is especially common in the
construction industry. They are often made of
wood or plastic, and often have metal or plastic
joints so that they can be folded together.

14. RULER
a device used in geometry and technical
drawing, as well as the engineering and
construction industries, to measure distances
or draw straight lines.

15. BEAKER
a glass container with a flat
bottom that scientists use to hold
liquids

16. GRADUATED CYLINDER
also known as measuring
cylinder or mixing cylinder is
a common piece of
laboratory equipment used
to measure the volume of a
liquid. It has a narrow
cylindrical shape. Each
marked line on the graduated
cylinder represents the amount
of liquid that has been
measured.

17. PLATFORM
BALANCE
A platform balance is a
device that measures the
weight of an object using a
platform or solid base in
conjunction with a series of
levers and balances that
together calculate the overall
mass.

18. SPRING BALANCE
A spring balance (or
newton meter) is a type of
weighing scale. They are
commonly used to
measure the force exerted
on an object.

19. BURETTES
a graduated glass
tube with a tap at
one end, for
delivering known
volumes of a
liquid, especially
in titrations.

20. VOLUMETRIC FLASK
A volumetric flask is a piece of
laboratory apparatus, a type of
laboratory flask, calibrated to
contain a precise volume at a
certain temperature. Volumetric
flasks are used for precise
dilutions and preparation of
standard solutions.

21. TEST TUBES
also known as a
culture tube or sample
tube, is a common piece of
laboratory glassware
consisting of a finger-like
length of glass or clear
plastic tubing, open at the
top and closed at the
bottom. Used to hold
chemicals and liquid
samples.

22. ALCOHOL LAMP
HEATING TOOLS
An alcohol burner or spirit
lamp is a piece of
laboratory equipment used
to produce an open flame.
It can be made from brass,
glass, stainless steel or
aluminum.

23. BUNSEN BURNER
A Bunsen burner, named
after Robert Bunsen, is a
kind of gas burner used as
laboratory equipment; it
produces a single open gas
flame, and is used for
heating, sterilization, and
combustion.