The Sahariya tribe lives in forests in Madhya Pradesh and Rajasthan, depending on forest resources and minor jobs for survival. However, declining forests and exploitation have impoverished the tribe. The Sahariyas face issues like malnutrition, lack of healthcare and education, land disputes, debt bondage, and migration that separates families and subjects women to sexual exploitation. Comprehensive measures are needed to address their issues, ensure security, and support education, livelihoods, and access to services.
The Warli tribe resides mainly in districts of Maharashtra and some areas of Gujarat. They speak the unwritten Warli language and have their own animistic beliefs and traditions. The Warli tribe's main occupation is agriculture and allied activities. They celebrate festivals like Diwali and Bhawada. Traditional attire includes a knee-length sari or loincloth for women and loincloth, waistcoat and turban for men. Marriage ceremonies last 4-5 days and include traditional Warli paintings.
different types of tribe in india and tribes lifestyle images .
The term caste was first used by Portuguese travelers who came to India in the 16th century. Caste comes from the Spanish and Portuguese word "casta" which means "race", "breed", or "lineage". Many Indians use the term "jati". There are 3,000 castes and 25,000 subcastes in India, each related to a specific occupation.
Gwalior is a historic city in central India's Madhya Pradesh state. The document provides details about Gwalior's location, history, and important architectural sites. It notes that Gwalior Fort, situated on a hilltop, has been ruled by several dynasties and contains palaces, temples, and other monuments showcasing different architectural styles. Some of the most significant sites mentioned include the Gwalior Fort, Gujari Mahal palace converted to a museum, the Sas-Bahu temples, and the tombs of Tansen and Muhammad Ghaus.
Documentation of Pragpur - Garli,Himachal PradeshPrince Pathania
This document provides documentation of the village of Garli in Himachal Pradesh, India. It begins with an acknowledgement and introduction to the village. Garli was founded approximately 300 years ago and is known for its ancient architecture and local culture. The document then discusses the demographics, history, and timeline of Garli. It describes the street patterns, land use, and modes of living and occupations of the residents. The main places of interest in Garli are also highlighted, including the Taal or village pond. In summary, the document thoroughly documents the heritage village of Garli through its history, culture, architecture, and people.
Bhopal is the capital city of Madhya Pradesh, India. It has a population of over 2 million people and is known as the City of Lakes due to the two large lakes within the city. The city has a humid subtropical climate with hot summers and mild winters. Some of the major tourist attractions in Bhopal include the Taj-ul-Masjid mosque, which is one of the largest mosques in India. The city faces issues with its sewage and solid waste management, as much of its sewage and drainage ends up in local water sources like the Upper Lake, which provides drinking water to 40% of the population. Transportation within the city faces challenges like lack of multi-modal integration
National Housing Policy & Habitat lll STUDYওমর ফারুক
National housing policy aims to make housing accessible and affordable for all citizens. It focuses on increasing the supply of land and housing, improving existing residences, and relocating slums to suitable areas. The policy addresses issues related to land, infrastructure, building materials, techniques, and financing for housing. It also establishes institutions like a national housing authority and committee to implement programs and coordinate between different levels of government on housing initiatives. International agreements like Habitat III emphasize the need for integrated housing frameworks, inclusive policies, expanding affordable options, upgrading informal settlements, and improving housing conditions globally to achieve sustainable development goals.
The document summarizes key information about the Lingaraj Temple located in Bhubaneswar, India. It was built in the 11th century by King Jajati Keshari and is dedicated to Lord Shiva. The temple follows Kalinga architecture and is constructed out of laterite stone. It has a complex layout with multiple halls, including an assembly hall, festival hall, and hall of offerings, as well as 150 smaller shrines. The tallest structure is the tower rising 55 meters high.
The Warli tribe resides mainly in districts of Maharashtra and some areas of Gujarat. They speak the unwritten Warli language and have their own animistic beliefs and traditions. The Warli tribe's main occupation is agriculture and allied activities. They celebrate festivals like Diwali and Bhawada. Traditional attire includes a knee-length sari or loincloth for women and loincloth, waistcoat and turban for men. Marriage ceremonies last 4-5 days and include traditional Warli paintings.
different types of tribe in india and tribes lifestyle images .
The term caste was first used by Portuguese travelers who came to India in the 16th century. Caste comes from the Spanish and Portuguese word "casta" which means "race", "breed", or "lineage". Many Indians use the term "jati". There are 3,000 castes and 25,000 subcastes in India, each related to a specific occupation.
Gwalior is a historic city in central India's Madhya Pradesh state. The document provides details about Gwalior's location, history, and important architectural sites. It notes that Gwalior Fort, situated on a hilltop, has been ruled by several dynasties and contains palaces, temples, and other monuments showcasing different architectural styles. Some of the most significant sites mentioned include the Gwalior Fort, Gujari Mahal palace converted to a museum, the Sas-Bahu temples, and the tombs of Tansen and Muhammad Ghaus.
Documentation of Pragpur - Garli,Himachal PradeshPrince Pathania
This document provides documentation of the village of Garli in Himachal Pradesh, India. It begins with an acknowledgement and introduction to the village. Garli was founded approximately 300 years ago and is known for its ancient architecture and local culture. The document then discusses the demographics, history, and timeline of Garli. It describes the street patterns, land use, and modes of living and occupations of the residents. The main places of interest in Garli are also highlighted, including the Taal or village pond. In summary, the document thoroughly documents the heritage village of Garli through its history, culture, architecture, and people.
Bhopal is the capital city of Madhya Pradesh, India. It has a population of over 2 million people and is known as the City of Lakes due to the two large lakes within the city. The city has a humid subtropical climate with hot summers and mild winters. Some of the major tourist attractions in Bhopal include the Taj-ul-Masjid mosque, which is one of the largest mosques in India. The city faces issues with its sewage and solid waste management, as much of its sewage and drainage ends up in local water sources like the Upper Lake, which provides drinking water to 40% of the population. Transportation within the city faces challenges like lack of multi-modal integration
National Housing Policy & Habitat lll STUDYওমর ফারুক
National housing policy aims to make housing accessible and affordable for all citizens. It focuses on increasing the supply of land and housing, improving existing residences, and relocating slums to suitable areas. The policy addresses issues related to land, infrastructure, building materials, techniques, and financing for housing. It also establishes institutions like a national housing authority and committee to implement programs and coordinate between different levels of government on housing initiatives. International agreements like Habitat III emphasize the need for integrated housing frameworks, inclusive policies, expanding affordable options, upgrading informal settlements, and improving housing conditions globally to achieve sustainable development goals.
The document summarizes key information about the Lingaraj Temple located in Bhubaneswar, India. It was built in the 11th century by King Jajati Keshari and is dedicated to Lord Shiva. The temple follows Kalinga architecture and is constructed out of laterite stone. It has a complex layout with multiple halls, including an assembly hall, festival hall, and hall of offerings, as well as 150 smaller shrines. The tallest structure is the tower rising 55 meters high.
The document summarizes the traditional pol house architecture of Ahmedabad, Gujarat. [1] Pols are enclosed residential neighborhoods entered through gates, featuring narrow streets and shared community spaces. [2] They originated from rural khadki settlements for security, with homes adjoining and enclosing shared yards. [3] Pol houses are organized around central courtyards (chowks), with rooms along three walls and an entrance platform (oatla) on the fourth, providing light, ventilation, and climate control in Gujarat's hot, dry climate.
Hyderabad is the capital city of Telangana, India, located along the banks of the Musi River. It has a population of over 6.8 million people and is one of the largest and fastest growing cities in India. Hyderabad has a long history dating back to 1591 and was once the capital of the princely state of Hyderabad. Today it is a major technology hub known as HITEC City and is home to many public institutions and private companies. The city faces challenges around infrastructure and resources as it continues growing rapidly into the future.
Idukki district Water Development Plan Aby Mundackal
This document provides an overview of drinking water sources and supply in Idukki District, Kerala. Some key points:
- Idukki's main water sources are surface water (rivers, reservoirs, springs, streams) and groundwater (wells, borewells). Rainfall is high throughout the district.
- The Kerala Water Authority operates 144 schemes serving over 400,000 people via public taps and connections. Coverage varies across panchayats from 0-75%.
- Groundwater availability and development has increased over time but excessive extraction and lack of recharge is a problem in some areas.
- Rainwater harvesting is encouraged to sustainably use the district's high rainfall
Village study GARLI, PRAGPUR -facilitiesbhavikagoyal2
This document provides a summary of the facilities and amenities in the villages of Garli and Pragpur in Himachal Pradesh, India. It details the key infrastructure for water supply, commerce, transportation, healthcare, education, and other amenities. The main water sources are the Beas River and local ponds. Facilities include banks, markets, bus stops, roads, temples, schools, hospitals, and veterinary clinics. The villages have well-established infrastructure to support residents dating back over 100 years to their founding.
Bangalore is the capital of Karnataka state located in south-eastern India. It has experienced rapid population and economic growth in recent decades, transforming from a garden city to a major tech hub nicknamed the "Silicon Valley of India." Key challenges facing the city include inadequate and deteriorating infrastructure like water supply, sewage, drainage, and transportation to support its growing population. Rapid urbanization has also negatively impacted the environment through issues such as increased pollution, loss of green spaces, and rising temperatures.
- Though legends connect Puri's origins to the Mahabharata era, its early history is uncertain. Archaeological evidence suggests civilization in the region from the 1st century BCE.
- Puri first gained prominence as a pilgrimage site in the 9th century CE after it was declared a dhām by Adi Shankaracharya. The settlement around the Jagannath Temple came to be known as Puri.
- Trade relations between Puri and other regions like China, Europe and the Mediterranean flourished from the 3rd century BCE to the 3rd century CE. Excavations at Manikpatna reveal a wide array of imported goods traded at Puri's ancient port
Nasik city has a rich cultural and historical legacy dating back to Chalcolithic age. Ruled by several dynasties including the Satvahanas, Yadavas and Marathas, Nasik was an important trading center. The document discusses Nasik's temples built in Hemadpanti style, including the iconic Kalaram and Trimbakeshwar temples. It also describes the city's architectural heritage like the ornate Wadas and scenic Godavari ghats. Nasik is surrounded by the Sahyadri mountains containing numerous forts and rock cut caves depicting religious icons. Coins from ruling dynasties provide historical insights. The document highlights Nasik's cultural diversity and
Gandhinagar, the capital of Gujarat, India, was planned and built in the 1960s-1970s as a new capital city. It was designed by Indian architects Prakash Apte and H.K. Mewada according to principles of urban planning, with 30 sectors of residential and commercial areas organized in a grid pattern connected by a network of numbered and lettered roads. The city was intentionally designed and built by Indians as an expression of independence and as a tribute to Mahatma Gandhi, whose birthplace was Gujarat.
Architecture case study - IIM AhemdabadOnal Kothari
The campus of IIM-Ahmedabad is not only an institution of learning but also a place for everyone to see. That is why; the institute draws the attention of both the students as well as common man. The campus of IIM Ahmedabad is spread over 67 acres of land. The building design of institute was created by noted architect Louis Kahn a famous American architect known for his majestic architectural designs.
1) The Virupaksha Temple is located on the south bank of the Tungabhadra River in Hampi, Karnataka and has been an important pilgrimage site for worshippers of Lord Shiva since the 7th century AD.
2) The main temple faces east and has two large courtyards, with the inner one containing the sanctum sanctorum that houses a linga idol of Lord Virupaksha.
3) Surrounding structures include the 100-pillar hall, Kalyanamantapa marriage hall, triple-headed Nandi bull statue, and sub-shrines dedicated to Goddesses Pampa and Bhuvaneswari
The first phase of Pallavan architecture from 610-690 AD saw the development of rock-cut cave temples known as mandapas at Mahabalipuram. These included early experiments with pillared halls and structural prototypes like the Rathas that served as models for later temples. Key features included the beginnings of the Dravidian column with elements like the lion capital, and the use of reliefs to combine sculpture with architecture. This phase established foundations for the evolution of the temple architecture in the Dravidian style.
Puducherry was discovered by Romans in 200 BC and has since been ruled by various powers, including the Portuguese, Dutch, and French who established control in 1654. Under French rule until 1954, Puducherry developed a strong French cultural influence seen today in its architecture, grid street plan named after French figures, and French cuisine. It also became known for its spiritual centers like Sri Aurobindo Ashram which aims to transform human nature, and the universal township of Auroville just outside the city.
Housing case study(KAFCO housing,Aranya lowcost housing, TARA housing)Sumaiya Islam
The document discusses the Aranya housing project in Indore, India designed by architect Balkrishna Doshi. The project aimed to provide affordable housing for 6,500 low-income families on a 86 hectare site. Doshi's master plan created 6 sectors with distributed open spaces, mixed land uses, and pedestrian and vehicular segregation. The plan oriented buildings for optimal climate response. Housing units started as core structures that residents could incrementally expand based on need. The design focused on community interaction through shared spaces while allowing privacy.
This document provides information on hill architecture along the Beas River in Himachal Pradesh, India. It discusses the geography and climate of the region, noting the mountainous terrain with elevations ranging from 450-6,500 meters. It then describes the architectural styles of the Kullu, Mandi, and Kangra districts, which include traditional Kath-Kunni construction using wood and stone, as well as various temple styles like pagoda, shikhara, and pahari. Vernacular houses are typically two stories with cattle on the lower floor and living spaces above, surrounded by deep balconies. The document also gives details on the town of Manali and its flora, fauna, culture,
The document provides information about temple architecture and important temples in Mathura and Vrindavan, India. It describes the basic structure of North and South Indian temples. It then discusses several prominent temples in Mathura, including the Dvarkadhish Temple and Kesavadeva Temple. For Vrindavan, it outlines the city's significance, popular temples like Banke Bihari and Prem Mandir, and traditions like widows living in Vrindavan. It also provides historical details and stories related to temples like Madan Mohan.
Madhya Pradesh is a state located in central India. Some key points:
- The state's capital is Bhopal, and it borders several other states. Several ancient tribal groups still reside in Madhya Pradesh.
- Important historical and religious sites include the Sanchi Stupa, which contains some of the oldest stone Buddhist structures in India, and forts like Gwalior Fort and Mandu Fort.
- The population is predominantly Hindu, and the state contains examples of vernacular architecture ranging from rural farmhouses to fort residences of former rulers.
The document summarizes a master plan for a new township development near Indore, India with the following key points:
- The plan was developed for a 220 acre site intended to house an initial population of 40,000 people. The master plan divided the site into sectors with a central commercial and institutional spine and mixed land uses.
- Housing was provided for a range of income groups, with lower income housing located centrally and higher income housing along perimeter roads. Basic infrastructure like roads, water, sewage was provided to each housing plot.
- The envisioned built form took cues from traditional local architecture, with low-rise, high density development and continuity of built edges to encourage community interaction while providing privacy
DDA - Delhi Development Authority instigated operations in 1957 under the Delhi Development Act for a well-planned, orderly and swift development of Delhi into a capital city in its true sense. The biggest challenge in front of the Ministry of Urban Development Delhi has always been to provide adequate residential and commercial infrastructure facilities to over 11 million people in the city.
Activities OF DDA :
DDA Master Plans
DDA Housing
DDA Land Development
DDA Commercial Properties
DDA Sports Complexes etc.
The document provides information about the city of Rourkela in India. It discusses the history, physical setting, planning, land use, development plan, demographic profile, economic profile, infrastructure, housing, administrative and environmental profiles of Rourkela. Some key points are: Rourkela is an important commercial center in Odisha and is home to one of India's largest steel plants; the city was planned in the 1950s around the newly established steel plant and township; it has since grown significantly and a master plan was developed to accommodate additional population; current population is over 270,000 people with literacy rates around 87%; the economy depends heavily on the secondary sector including steel production.
Tribal development in India has been a focus of the national development plans since independence. The constitution provides protections for scheduled tribes and establishes advisory councils and welfare departments to protect tribal rights and promote development. There are over 500 tribal communities notified as scheduled tribes, concentrated in central and northeast India. The five year plans aim to raise productivity, rehabilitate bonded labourers, and provide education and training programs with a special focus on women and children.
Ifsar Stands for Institute of Fundamental Studies and Research, Bikaner, which is an Ngo, registered under The Rajasthan Societies Registration Act, 1958 and working in the field of Education and other social concerns.
The document discusses India's tribal belts and the challenges faced by the Van Gujjar tribe. It notes that tribal belts exist in Northwest, Central, and Eastern India, inhabited by tribes that remained genetically isolated. It outlines the Van Gujjar tribe's traditional nomadic livelihood of buffalo herding and milk trade. However, the Van Gujjars face numerous issues that threaten their livelihoods, including limited legal access to forests restricted by outdated permits, dangerous nomadic routes, exploitation by middlemen, lack of citizenship rights, and lack of education. Overall, the document examines the socio-political challenges that have made it difficult for the Van Gujjar tribe to sustain their traditional livelihoods.
The document summarizes the traditional pol house architecture of Ahmedabad, Gujarat. [1] Pols are enclosed residential neighborhoods entered through gates, featuring narrow streets and shared community spaces. [2] They originated from rural khadki settlements for security, with homes adjoining and enclosing shared yards. [3] Pol houses are organized around central courtyards (chowks), with rooms along three walls and an entrance platform (oatla) on the fourth, providing light, ventilation, and climate control in Gujarat's hot, dry climate.
Hyderabad is the capital city of Telangana, India, located along the banks of the Musi River. It has a population of over 6.8 million people and is one of the largest and fastest growing cities in India. Hyderabad has a long history dating back to 1591 and was once the capital of the princely state of Hyderabad. Today it is a major technology hub known as HITEC City and is home to many public institutions and private companies. The city faces challenges around infrastructure and resources as it continues growing rapidly into the future.
Idukki district Water Development Plan Aby Mundackal
This document provides an overview of drinking water sources and supply in Idukki District, Kerala. Some key points:
- Idukki's main water sources are surface water (rivers, reservoirs, springs, streams) and groundwater (wells, borewells). Rainfall is high throughout the district.
- The Kerala Water Authority operates 144 schemes serving over 400,000 people via public taps and connections. Coverage varies across panchayats from 0-75%.
- Groundwater availability and development has increased over time but excessive extraction and lack of recharge is a problem in some areas.
- Rainwater harvesting is encouraged to sustainably use the district's high rainfall
Village study GARLI, PRAGPUR -facilitiesbhavikagoyal2
This document provides a summary of the facilities and amenities in the villages of Garli and Pragpur in Himachal Pradesh, India. It details the key infrastructure for water supply, commerce, transportation, healthcare, education, and other amenities. The main water sources are the Beas River and local ponds. Facilities include banks, markets, bus stops, roads, temples, schools, hospitals, and veterinary clinics. The villages have well-established infrastructure to support residents dating back over 100 years to their founding.
Bangalore is the capital of Karnataka state located in south-eastern India. It has experienced rapid population and economic growth in recent decades, transforming from a garden city to a major tech hub nicknamed the "Silicon Valley of India." Key challenges facing the city include inadequate and deteriorating infrastructure like water supply, sewage, drainage, and transportation to support its growing population. Rapid urbanization has also negatively impacted the environment through issues such as increased pollution, loss of green spaces, and rising temperatures.
- Though legends connect Puri's origins to the Mahabharata era, its early history is uncertain. Archaeological evidence suggests civilization in the region from the 1st century BCE.
- Puri first gained prominence as a pilgrimage site in the 9th century CE after it was declared a dhām by Adi Shankaracharya. The settlement around the Jagannath Temple came to be known as Puri.
- Trade relations between Puri and other regions like China, Europe and the Mediterranean flourished from the 3rd century BCE to the 3rd century CE. Excavations at Manikpatna reveal a wide array of imported goods traded at Puri's ancient port
Nasik city has a rich cultural and historical legacy dating back to Chalcolithic age. Ruled by several dynasties including the Satvahanas, Yadavas and Marathas, Nasik was an important trading center. The document discusses Nasik's temples built in Hemadpanti style, including the iconic Kalaram and Trimbakeshwar temples. It also describes the city's architectural heritage like the ornate Wadas and scenic Godavari ghats. Nasik is surrounded by the Sahyadri mountains containing numerous forts and rock cut caves depicting religious icons. Coins from ruling dynasties provide historical insights. The document highlights Nasik's cultural diversity and
Gandhinagar, the capital of Gujarat, India, was planned and built in the 1960s-1970s as a new capital city. It was designed by Indian architects Prakash Apte and H.K. Mewada according to principles of urban planning, with 30 sectors of residential and commercial areas organized in a grid pattern connected by a network of numbered and lettered roads. The city was intentionally designed and built by Indians as an expression of independence and as a tribute to Mahatma Gandhi, whose birthplace was Gujarat.
Architecture case study - IIM AhemdabadOnal Kothari
The campus of IIM-Ahmedabad is not only an institution of learning but also a place for everyone to see. That is why; the institute draws the attention of both the students as well as common man. The campus of IIM Ahmedabad is spread over 67 acres of land. The building design of institute was created by noted architect Louis Kahn a famous American architect known for his majestic architectural designs.
1) The Virupaksha Temple is located on the south bank of the Tungabhadra River in Hampi, Karnataka and has been an important pilgrimage site for worshippers of Lord Shiva since the 7th century AD.
2) The main temple faces east and has two large courtyards, with the inner one containing the sanctum sanctorum that houses a linga idol of Lord Virupaksha.
3) Surrounding structures include the 100-pillar hall, Kalyanamantapa marriage hall, triple-headed Nandi bull statue, and sub-shrines dedicated to Goddesses Pampa and Bhuvaneswari
The first phase of Pallavan architecture from 610-690 AD saw the development of rock-cut cave temples known as mandapas at Mahabalipuram. These included early experiments with pillared halls and structural prototypes like the Rathas that served as models for later temples. Key features included the beginnings of the Dravidian column with elements like the lion capital, and the use of reliefs to combine sculpture with architecture. This phase established foundations for the evolution of the temple architecture in the Dravidian style.
Puducherry was discovered by Romans in 200 BC and has since been ruled by various powers, including the Portuguese, Dutch, and French who established control in 1654. Under French rule until 1954, Puducherry developed a strong French cultural influence seen today in its architecture, grid street plan named after French figures, and French cuisine. It also became known for its spiritual centers like Sri Aurobindo Ashram which aims to transform human nature, and the universal township of Auroville just outside the city.
Housing case study(KAFCO housing,Aranya lowcost housing, TARA housing)Sumaiya Islam
The document discusses the Aranya housing project in Indore, India designed by architect Balkrishna Doshi. The project aimed to provide affordable housing for 6,500 low-income families on a 86 hectare site. Doshi's master plan created 6 sectors with distributed open spaces, mixed land uses, and pedestrian and vehicular segregation. The plan oriented buildings for optimal climate response. Housing units started as core structures that residents could incrementally expand based on need. The design focused on community interaction through shared spaces while allowing privacy.
This document provides information on hill architecture along the Beas River in Himachal Pradesh, India. It discusses the geography and climate of the region, noting the mountainous terrain with elevations ranging from 450-6,500 meters. It then describes the architectural styles of the Kullu, Mandi, and Kangra districts, which include traditional Kath-Kunni construction using wood and stone, as well as various temple styles like pagoda, shikhara, and pahari. Vernacular houses are typically two stories with cattle on the lower floor and living spaces above, surrounded by deep balconies. The document also gives details on the town of Manali and its flora, fauna, culture,
The document provides information about temple architecture and important temples in Mathura and Vrindavan, India. It describes the basic structure of North and South Indian temples. It then discusses several prominent temples in Mathura, including the Dvarkadhish Temple and Kesavadeva Temple. For Vrindavan, it outlines the city's significance, popular temples like Banke Bihari and Prem Mandir, and traditions like widows living in Vrindavan. It also provides historical details and stories related to temples like Madan Mohan.
Madhya Pradesh is a state located in central India. Some key points:
- The state's capital is Bhopal, and it borders several other states. Several ancient tribal groups still reside in Madhya Pradesh.
- Important historical and religious sites include the Sanchi Stupa, which contains some of the oldest stone Buddhist structures in India, and forts like Gwalior Fort and Mandu Fort.
- The population is predominantly Hindu, and the state contains examples of vernacular architecture ranging from rural farmhouses to fort residences of former rulers.
The document summarizes a master plan for a new township development near Indore, India with the following key points:
- The plan was developed for a 220 acre site intended to house an initial population of 40,000 people. The master plan divided the site into sectors with a central commercial and institutional spine and mixed land uses.
- Housing was provided for a range of income groups, with lower income housing located centrally and higher income housing along perimeter roads. Basic infrastructure like roads, water, sewage was provided to each housing plot.
- The envisioned built form took cues from traditional local architecture, with low-rise, high density development and continuity of built edges to encourage community interaction while providing privacy
DDA - Delhi Development Authority instigated operations in 1957 under the Delhi Development Act for a well-planned, orderly and swift development of Delhi into a capital city in its true sense. The biggest challenge in front of the Ministry of Urban Development Delhi has always been to provide adequate residential and commercial infrastructure facilities to over 11 million people in the city.
Activities OF DDA :
DDA Master Plans
DDA Housing
DDA Land Development
DDA Commercial Properties
DDA Sports Complexes etc.
The document provides information about the city of Rourkela in India. It discusses the history, physical setting, planning, land use, development plan, demographic profile, economic profile, infrastructure, housing, administrative and environmental profiles of Rourkela. Some key points are: Rourkela is an important commercial center in Odisha and is home to one of India's largest steel plants; the city was planned in the 1950s around the newly established steel plant and township; it has since grown significantly and a master plan was developed to accommodate additional population; current population is over 270,000 people with literacy rates around 87%; the economy depends heavily on the secondary sector including steel production.
Tribal development in India has been a focus of the national development plans since independence. The constitution provides protections for scheduled tribes and establishes advisory councils and welfare departments to protect tribal rights and promote development. There are over 500 tribal communities notified as scheduled tribes, concentrated in central and northeast India. The five year plans aim to raise productivity, rehabilitate bonded labourers, and provide education and training programs with a special focus on women and children.
Ifsar Stands for Institute of Fundamental Studies and Research, Bikaner, which is an Ngo, registered under The Rajasthan Societies Registration Act, 1958 and working in the field of Education and other social concerns.
The document discusses India's tribal belts and the challenges faced by the Van Gujjar tribe. It notes that tribal belts exist in Northwest, Central, and Eastern India, inhabited by tribes that remained genetically isolated. It outlines the Van Gujjar tribe's traditional nomadic livelihood of buffalo herding and milk trade. However, the Van Gujjars face numerous issues that threaten their livelihoods, including limited legal access to forests restricted by outdated permits, dangerous nomadic routes, exploitation by middlemen, lack of citizenship rights, and lack of education. Overall, the document examines the socio-political challenges that have made it difficult for the Van Gujjar tribe to sustain their traditional livelihoods.
Prepared By
IT CLUB, Sainik School Amaravathinagar
Post: Amaravathinagar
Dist: Tiruppur, Tamilnadu
Club I/c
Praveen M Jigajinni
DCSc & Engg,PGDCA,ADCA,MCA,MSc(IT),MTech(IT), M.Phil (Comp Sci)
For Any Queries Please feel free to contact:
Email Id : praveenkumarjigajinni@gmail.com
Cell No: 9431453730
Distinctive features and concentration of indian tribal communitiesRAJKUMARPOREL
Tribal communities in India have some common characteristics that distinguish them from rural and urban populations. They live in small, isolated groups and practice a subsistence economy based around activities like hunting and basic agriculture. Tribal societies have a strong emphasis on kinship bonds and share common aspects of social organization, customs, beliefs, and language. While tribal groups live separately, they exhibit characteristics like communal land ownership, animist religious practices, and distinctive family and social structures. Modernization is increasingly integrating tribal communities with broader Indian society.
This document provides an overview of rural development in Odisha, India. It includes statistics on Odisha's demographics, with over 90% of the population and land area classified as rural. It describes the socioeconomic structure of rural Odisha, marked by divides in caste and class between landlords, rich peasants, small peasants, sharecroppers, and landless farm workers. It also discusses the semi-feudal nature of Odisha's agrarian society and outlines government initiatives aimed at poverty alleviation, though their impact has been limited. Overall, the document presents key facts about rural life in Odisha and the persisting challenges of development and poverty reduction.
Exploratory study of Biriguda village in OdishaSourav Anand
This document provides an overview of Biriguda Village located in Odisha, India. It summarizes the village's location, demographics, economy, infrastructure, institutions, and political system. The village has a population of 1,298 people living in 327 households across three hamlets. The economy is primarily agricultural, with many families living in poverty. Key challenges include lack of healthcare, education, sanitation, and livelihood opportunities. Overall, the document paints a picture of a rural village with close-knit social structures but also facing various economic and development difficulties.
Rural India- How It is, How it should be!Kumar Harsh
The presentation is made with the purpose to sensitize people about rural tribal India. It is based on two months (May 2018-July, 2018) experience spent in Jhabua working with Shivganga.
(As animations don't play, please look subscript for slide 20 and 46.)
The document provides an overview of scheduled tribes in Orissa, India. It discusses that Orissa has the third highest tribal population in India, accounting for around 11% of the total. Most tribal communities live in remote, hilly areas and have traditionally depended on shifting cultivation and forest resources for subsistence. However, deforestation and restrictions have reduced this dependence in many areas. The state has enacted several laws and programs to protect tribal land rights and promote tribal development and welfare.
This a PPT on the topic Tribals and dikus which is about the way how tribals and dikus lived in India during British period and what happened to them and how were the treated
Livelihood pattern of ethnic community in Sylhet, BangladeshAhsan Aziz Sarkar
The document summarizes the livelihood patterns of four ethnic communities - Khasi, Manipuri, Jaintia, and Garo people - living in Sylhet, Bangladesh. It describes how the Khasi people rely mainly on betel leaf cultivation in forested hilly areas as well as some agriculture. The Manipuri people practice agriculture and have a home-based handloom industry. The Jaintia tribe also cultivates betel leaves using trees for support. The Garo people traditionally practiced shifting cultivation and hunting but now many hold jobs in various sectors in urban areas like Dhaka. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of preserving indigenous knowledge and traditional livelihoods under UN declarations.
SC ST (schedule caste ,Schedule Tribe)welfareRahul Mahida
The document discusses the caste system and issues facing scheduled castes (SC) and scheduled tribes (ST) in India. It begins by explaining the origins and role of the caste system in Hinduism. It then defines SC as economically and socially backward castes treated as "untouchable", and ST as indigenous tribal groups. The document outlines many problems faced by SC and ST communities, such as poverty, lack of education, land alienation, and health issues. It also discusses constitutional protections and government programs for their welfare and upliftment.
When it comes to ethnicity, Chhattisgarh exhibits a varied origin or ethnic values for it is manifested by numerous tribal groups. The dense forests of the state are mainly populated by the tribal.
When it comes to ethnicity, Chhattisgarh exhibits a varied origin or ethnic values for it is manifested by numerous tribal groups. The dense forests of the state are mainly populated by the tribal.
The document discusses the status of tribal communities in West Bengal. It notes that tribes traditionally had subsistence-based economies and tight-knit social structures. British colonial policies displaced tribes from fertile lands and pushed them into hilly areas. After independence, tribes faced loss of land and displacement due to development projects. Tribal communities have high poverty, low literacy and health outcomes. The document calls for positive integration of tribes while preserving culture, and prioritizing education, health, and livelihood support.
Status of Tribal Districts in West BengalPradeep Panda
The document discusses the status of tribal communities in West Bengal. It notes that tribes traditionally had subsistence-based economies and tight-knit social structures. British colonial policies displaced tribes from fertile lands and pushed them into hilly areas. After independence, tribes faced loss of land and displacement due to development projects. Tribal communities have high poverty, low literacy and health outcomes. The document calls for positive integration of tribes while preserving culture, and prioritizing education, livelihoods, and health to improve their status.
Tribals, Dikus and the Vision of Golden.pptxHussain469826
Tribal groups in India lived in various ways, including through shifting cultivation, hunting and gathering, herding animals, and some settled cultivation. Under British colonial rule, tribal lives and powers changed dramatically. Tribal chiefs lost administrative powers and had to pay tribute. Efforts were made to settle shifting cultivators but weren't fully successful. New forest laws reserved many forests for timber and displaced some tribes. Many tribes faced poor treatment working on plantations or in mines. Birsa Munda led a movement aiming to improve tribal society and regain rights, but he died in 1900 with his dream fading.
The document discusses the Gaddi people, a semi-nomadic tribe native to the Bharmour region of Himachal Pradesh, India. There is debate around the origin of the Gaddis, with some believing they are indigenous to the region while others see them as descendants of migrating Aryans. Today, the Gaddis primarily practice transhumant pastoralism, rearing goats and sheep in the hills and plains. However, many now also engage in agriculture and have seen improved economic conditions and literacy rates compared to the past. While most social norms have remained the same, women have gained greater freedoms and independence in recent decades.
Sambhav is a voluntary organization engaged on the issues of women empowerment, violence against women, education and health. The organization works in the direction of capacity building of communities for community organization especially of Sahariya Tribal Group and Urban Slum Dwellers.
Mission Statement: "Building equitable, democratic and environmentally sustainable society."
Vision: "Striving for sustainable development processes and improvement in the quality of life of vulnerable people like Tribal, women and children through their organization and capacity building efforts.”
Sambhav Social Service Organisation is a non-profit established in 1988 with the goal of promoting equality, opportunity and justice for all. It operates across 11 districts in Madhya Pradesh, focusing on themes like health, education, livelihoods, water and sanitation. It has various ongoing programs supported by funders and has completed many projects in the past with organizations like UNICEF. The organization is registered and recognized by government bodies and has an office and field staff structure led by a governing and advisory board.
The document summarizes the route and activities of the Jai Jagat 2020 march from India to Switzerland over 370 days covering 10151 kilometers. The march began in India on November 14, 2019 and traveled through Pakistan, Iran, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, Russia, Bulgaria, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Italy, and Switzerland, before concluding in Geneva from September 25 to October 2, 2020 with a People's Action Forum and address to the United Nations. Along the way, the march involved approximately 50 people and held conferences, meetings, and workshops promoting peace, nonviolence and alternative development.
Converging on bcc for child health and integratedNabil Garry
This document outlines a child health and village planning program led by UNICEF, the district administration of Guna and Shivpuri, and NGO partners in India. The program aims to promote four key behaviors: exclusive breastfeeding, handwashing, girl child education, and addressing HIV/AIDS. Key strategies include community dialogue sessions, strengthening local groups, and improving linkages between communities and services. Partners include community members, PRIs, self-help groups, and administrative institutions. The document describes activities to promote each behavior and lists intended outcomes, the project organizational structure, impacts, additions to consider, and challenges to address.
SAMBHAV Radio Dhadkan began in 2010 with a goal of self-sustainability. It now broadcasts 12 hours daily in local languages on topics like health, rights, livelihoods and adolescents. The station aims to generate revenue, promote safe health behaviors, share results widely, and engage youth. It has 10 staff members and produces field and studio-based programs with community participation. Milestones include expanding broadcast hours and languages while challenges include equipment issues and reaching marginalized groups. The station plans to generate revenue through advertisements, sponsored programs, announcements and membership fees.
Ummeed is a band based in Gwalior, India comprised of students, professionals, and musicians. They believe in the transformative power of music and dedicate themselves to practicing and living music from the heart. Over the past several years, Ummeed has performed over 50 shows across India, participated in music competitions and festivals, produced original songs and covers in Hindi and English, and organized an annual music festival in Gwalior called Rock Union. They are currently working on their first album titled "Volume 1".
Sambhav is a non-profit organization established in 1988 in Madhya Pradesh, India. It works to promote social justice, equality, and empowerment of vulnerable groups like tribal communities and women. Some of its key work areas include tribal rights, women's empowerment, health, education, livelihood, and water/sanitation. It has implemented various projects and campaigns on these issues in Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh, often partnering with government agencies and other organizations. Sambhav's goal is equality, opportunity and justice for all through building equitable, democratic, and sustainable societies.
This document discusses Sambhav's work with the Cadbury Community Initiative in 8 villages in the Gohad block of Bhind district, Madhya Pradesh. It aims to promote gender equality and end practices like female infanticide through activities like self-help groups, leadership training, and community meetings. Some successes include women gaining confidence, issues being openly discussed, and men increasingly supporting women's rights. The initiative has directly helped save the lives of 8 girls.
This document summarizes a situational analysis of poverty pockets in Gwalior, India conducted by UN Habitat, Water Aid India, and Sambhav to inform investments in water and sanitation. It describes surveying 149 notified slums to identify pockets of at least 5,000 people lacking services. Key findings include that over 30% of Gwalior households lack toilets and defecate openly, 40% of drains are unlined, and most poverty pockets lack piped water. The analysis aimed to understand conditions to promote pro-poor governance and influence adoption of low-cost community solutions.
Village level micro planning program- exhaustive presentation- garryNabil Garry
The document describes a village level micro-planning program implemented in Shivpuri district of Madhya Pradesh with support from the district administration and UNICEF. The program aims to directly involve communities in developing village development plans and ensuring optimal resource utilization. A five-day exercise is conducted in each village by a team to facilitate planning. Expected outcomes include improved access to healthcare, education, water and sanitation. The methodology involves community meetings, surveys and prioritizing issues. Children are also involved in activities to raise awareness.
Poverty pocket situational analysis of gwaliorNabil Garry
This document analyzes poverty pockets in Gwalior, India. It finds that 17% of households in poverty pockets are below the poverty line. Access to water, sanitation, and waste management are major issues, with 32% practicing open defecation, 38% dumping waste openly, and 82% lacking piped water. Community toilets are in poor condition, with only 10% connected to a reliable water source. Drinking water sources are limited, with over 80% of areas receiving water for 2 hours or less each day. Improved access to basic services like water, sanitation, and waste management are needed in Gwalior's poverty pockets.
The document summarizes the reproductive and child health program plans of Sambhav Social Service Organization. It will implement the program through partner Frontline NGOs in Shivpuri and Tikamgarh districts of Madhya Pradesh over 3 years with a total budget of Rs. 9.06 crores. The program aims to improve maternal and child health indicators through activities like health camps, immunization drives, family planning counseling and increasing institutional deliveries. It will monitor progress through indicators like ANC coverage, immunization rates and reduce Infant and Maternal Mortality Rates.
The document outlines the key aspects of the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA), India's job guarantee scheme. It provides details on the objectives, eligibility criteria, employment process, entitlements such as wages and unemployment allowance, implementation structure at the district, block and village levels, selection of works, funding patterns, oversight councils and funds, transparency measures, and operational guidelines. The scheme aims to enhance rural livelihood security by providing at least 100 days of guaranteed wage employment per household annually.
This document defines and describes non-governmental organizations (NGOs). It notes that NGOs are non-profit, voluntary citizen groups that work on local, national, or international issues. They perform humanitarian functions and advocate for citizen concerns. NGOs focus on specific issues like human rights, the environment, or health. There are an estimated 1-2 million NGOs working in India across sectors like health, land rights, women's empowerment, and more. NGO activities include advocacy, campaigns, service delivery, and networking. They are funded by agencies, corporations, donors, and government ministries.
1. The Sahariya
Tribe
A saga of struggle for
existence
2.
3. The Sahariya Tribe
Saharia is a little-known tribe in India. The
Saharias are found mainly in Morena, Bhind,
Gwalior, Datia, Shivpuri and Guna districts of
Madhya Pradesh and parts of Rajasthan. They
live in the Khair, Kardhai and Babool forests of
the valleys of the Kuno, Parbati, Sindh, and Kali
Sindh rivers. Their agricultural income is
marginal but they get substantial additional
income from working in the forests and collecting
minor forest produce such as honey, edible
gums, manufacture of kattha, collection of
chironji, tapping Salai trees etc. They also find
employment in large grass reserves of the Kuno
valley. They are good huntsmen.
4.
5.
6. Name :Saharia
People Name General:
Saharia
Alternate People Names:
Bamrawat
Banrakha
Harauti
Soprahiya
Suraiya
Population in
India:623,000
Population in all
Countries:627,000
7. Population Break Up
Madhya Pradesh (454,000)
Rajasthan (82,000)
Uttar Pradesh (40,000)
Bihar (20,000)
West Bengal (16,000)
Chhattisgarh (1,600)
Uttaranachal (600)
Jharkhand (500)
Andaman and Nicobar Islands (50)
Assam (Unknown
8. Social Life
Sahariyas generally reside in separate basti in the village which is
called Saharana.
The religious practice by these tribals is Hinduism.
The Sahariyas maintained ecological equilibrium with their
environment for ages, despite low level of technology. Mostly they
were engaged as gatherers of minor forest produce and agriculture
labourers.
The main business are gathering & selling of forest wood, Gum,
Tendu leaf, Honey, fruits and vegetables.
Though Sahariyas, in general are primitive, but all of them are not
so. Some of them are settled cultivators. Others are landless
labourers and forest produce gatherers.
They live in small families. The elder sons live separately after
marriage and younger son bear the responsibilities of the parents
amd unmarried brothers-sisters. Marriages are performed after
attaining the age of 15 years. There are some arranged marriages
and some in the ceremony in the fairs.
9. The Community
One of the scheduled tribe has been named as
`Sahariyas’ only because it was totally dependent upon
forests for its very existence in terms of its society,
family, livelihood and everything else.
The people of `Sahariyas’ tribe never bothered of their
future, because they were confident that forests, which
they respect and protect, would never leave them
hungry.
However, the other groups of Society have exploited the
forests to the tilt, for meeting their own self-interests.
Consequently, the very source providing the food
security to the families of `Sahariyas’ tribe has been
irretrievably damaged.
Left with no alternative, the people of `Sahariyas’ tribe
had to look out for labour work in the local stone mines
to earn their livelihood.
Slowly and slowly, they were becoming a tool of
exploitation in the wider perspective of our social system.
10. A bird Eye View
Their habitations are located outside the main villages. It is generally
a cluster of houses. The housing reminds of prehistoric scenes. It is
made of some stone boulders and roofing is also of stone slabs. In
some villages mud structures are also constructed. Brick and
concrete are very rare. Government has attempted at providing
housing to them. But Sahariya prefers to live these stone huts-
locally called as Patore.
Most of their livelihood resources are in the control of powerful
people .e.g. land, water and forest produce. In most cases their land
is bad and that too is usurped by others. High indebtedness, land
alienation, abysmal literacy level, preponderance of tuberculosis
and malaria, and lack of social security are some facets of their
vulnerability.
Severe malnutrition among the children and starvation deaths has
also been reported.
Shy and submissive by nature, they fall easy prey to the
manipulation of corrupt people.
The services like health, education, electricity and nutrition care and
social security exist mostly in profound sentiments of the policies;
most Sahariyas have been denied access to them.
11. Bird’s Eye Continues
As the forest cover is disappearing, Sahariyas are forced to work as casual
labor.
Formal administrative system has never been understood by them.
Complex procedures of the Government have further scared them away
from seeking its support.
Government has been pushing scheme after scheme for their development,
little benefit reaches to them.
Middlemen and Government Officials have taken benefit of these programs.
At many places Sahariyas have been tortured to leave their native village by
the mischievous people to take over their land. In such cases they have
migrated to other places in search of security.
The area is also infamous for dacoits and organized robbers. These groups
move from place to place looking for hideouts from the police.
Poor Sahariyas are forced to entertain these hooligans with monetary, food,
liquor and women.
Any attempt to refuse brings heavy penalty on them in the form of physical
beating, gang rape and rampage of their villages.
Police looks at them as informers and tries to use force and threat for
gathering information about the movement of dacoits.
12. Critical Concerns
Land tenure and related conflicts have become a part of Sahariyas'
very existence. They were never known to own land but had a major
contribution in converting forestland for agriculture.
It is this land or the ambiguity of their ownership of it, which has
been a constant source of conflict with their more powerful
neighbors as well as with the Government.
The conflicts range from oppression by the Gurjars and Sardars,
who are constantly trying to drive the Sahariyas away from the land,
to the local officials who perpetuate amazing forms of mal
-governance and injustice.
For instance: (i) Giving pattas without actual possession of land, or vice versa; (ii)
Year after year realizing a fine from encroached forest lands but not maintaining
records of the same thus, depriving the Sahariyas of proof of duration of occupancy
(iii)
There is a constant conflict between the Forest Department and the
Revenue Department on the issue of the demarcation of land.
Often it is found that jurisdiction of both the departments overlap and
the Sahariyas who occupy such areas are caught between the two
government departments, who never seem to be in a mood to
resolve the issue.
13. Critical Concerns
Exploitation - Khadaans(Stone Quarries), bonded labour, dacoities(robbers)
and liquor have become synonymous with the lot of the Sahariyas.
The mode of abuse is as varied as they are cruel.
The Khadaans or the mines are a hotbed of exploitation.
The Sahariyas are encouraged by the mine or land owners to take petty
loans which, more often then not; they are unable to pay.
Workers are charged for absenteeism and also at times chained up in the
mine premises so that they are unable to run away and instead forced to
work.
Dacoities are a common feature in this area and they particularly target the
Sahariyas.
The dacoities are more often perpetuated by the landed Gurjars or the mine
owners themselves or supported by them with the intention of forcing the
Sahariyas to penury as well as terrorizing them to abandon their land and
run away, thus providing the former a chance to snatch away the land.
Liquor is another mode of well-planned exploitation. Liquor is often sold by
the mine owners at the site of the mines and the payment deducted from the
wages of the workers
14. Migration
After the festival of Holi, the people of Sahariya tribe migrate for
about 75 days between March 15 and June 30. During these 75
days neither they get full employment nor they earn sufficient
enough to meet his livelihood requirement during coming monsoon
season.
Statistics of migration period:
Total period of migration: 75 days
No.of days preparatory to migration: 5-7 days
Days spent to secure work: 5-7 days
Period of unemployment/holidays: 5-7 days
Sickness or emergent days: 3-4 days
Preparing to return back: 5-7 days
Total No. of non-productive days : 23-32 days
15. Income During Migration
During Chait period, the maximum wages
earned by Sahariyas people are for harvesting
the wheat crop. But instead of cash payment,
they receive a part of total crop.
As per prevailing practice, they receive about
5% of the total crop as their wages i.e. in return
of harvesting one quintal of wheat, they receive
5 Kgs. of wheat as their wages.
Here also they face exploitation. In return of
harvesting 21 Pooras (local measurement: 1
Poora = 2.33 Kgs.), he receives 1 Poora as his
wages.
16. Effects of
Migration
The fact remains that during
migration, the tribal women are
exploited to the extreme.
Children had to leave their studies
during migration.
Elders of the family, handicapped
members and pregnant women
had to suffer problems beyond
words without any safety
arrangements for them.
Migration in itself becomes a web
of indebtedness to moneylenders.
Many a times they had to sell their
animal husbandry and their
temporary huts are totally
destroyed.
They are unable to use their
entitlements such as Public
Distribution System, ICDS and Mid
Day Meals.
17. Exploitation
The migrant Sahariyas are generally exploited and are made to work for long
hours and paid wages less than the local labourers, even below the prescribed
minimum wages.
Taking advantage of their illiteracy and poverty, middlemen practice exploitative
recruitment practices and retain a major portion of their wages as their own
commission.
Moreover, wages are adjusted only at the end of the season and workers are
paid some advances, which are not at all sufficient to meet even their basic
requirements.
The condition of women labourers are far more vulnerable, who are invariably
paid lesser wages as compared to their male counterparts.
Sexual exploitation of women migrant labourers is a matter of deep concern.
Most of the migrant workers live in conditions below the minimum accepted
standards without adequate shelter and toilet facilities.
In most places, migrants stay in make shift shacks or in the open and have no
access to safe drinking water. In the urban areas, shortage of open space and
harassment by local musclemen add to their misery
The non-inclusion of migrants in the electoral rolls also deprives them of political
patronage and results in their extreme political marginalization.
The employers and contractors also adopt exploitative practices against the
migrants and employ various methods to circumvent the provisions of Inter-State
Migrant Workmen Act (ISMW) in such a manner to escape from the purview of
such Act.
18. What is needed
Administration to be accountable for quality education and health services. Any
negligence should be strictly dealt and concerned persons to be penalized.
Social security and legal aid support for each family should be insured.
A comprehensive development plan to be developed considering specific needs and
demands of the Sahariyas.
Declaring Sahariya Zone with special senior level committee to look into their day to
day problems.
Present Food distribution system is not adequate to meet their needs. It should be
totally overhauled. Mobile shops for grains and cooked food are put in place to ensure
availability of food to every one.
It is taken for granted that all the Sahariyas can pay for medicine, food, electricity and
education. The truth is that many do not even eat meals two times a day and go
without food on some days.
Children are highly malnourished and suffer from skin and other infections. The ICDS
program has to be held accountable along with ANM if cases of severe malnutrition
are identified in the village.
NREG program has gone totally in corrupt hands. Soon the Sahariyas would refuse to
work since the payments are much less than daily wages otherwise available. It is
leading to serious restless among the poor. Immediate district level monitoring
committees should be made with representation of credible NGOs and Media
Personals.
Land disputes continue to harass the tribal everywhere. Special courts should be
setup to hear these cases. Disputes between Forest and Revenue departments over
land maps and ownership has caused insurmountable suffering to Sahariyas.