This paper provides an overview of the RSA algorithm, exploring the foundations and mathematics in detail. It then uses this base information to explore issues with the RSA algorithm that detract from the algorithms security.
Secure Linear Transformation Based Cryptosystem using Dynamic Byte SubstitutionCSCJournals
Many classical cryptosystems are developed based on simple substitution. Hybrid cryptosystem using byte substitution and variable length sub key groups is a simple nonlinear algorithm but the cryptanalyst can find the length of each sub key group because the byte substitution is static and if the modulo prime number is small then byte substitution is limited to first few rows of S-box. In this paper an attempt is made to introduce the nonlinearity to the linear transformation based cryptosystem using dynamic byte substitution over GF (28). The secret value is added to the index value to shift the substitution to a new secret location dynamically. This adds extra security in addition to non-linearity, confusion and diffusion. The performance evaluation of the method is also studied and presented.
This document summarizes an article about implementing the RSA encryption/decryption algorithm on an FPGA. It begins with an overview of cryptography and the RSA algorithm. It then describes the key steps in RSA - key generation, encryption, and decryption. The main mathematical operations required for RSA are also summarized - modular addition, multiplication, and exponentiation. The document then presents the design of a 32-bit RSA decryption engine in VHDL, along with synthesis results showing its resource usage and maximum clock frequency on an FPGA. It concludes that an RSA decryption engine can be efficiently implemented on an FPGA using limited resources.
Backtracking based integer factorisation, primality testing and square root c...csandit
Breaking a big integer into two factors is a famous problem in the field of Mathematics and
Cryptography for years. Many crypto-systems use such a big number as their key or part of a
key with the assumption - it is too big that the fastest factorisation algorithms running on the
fastest computers would take impractically long period of time to factorise. Hence, many efforts
have been provided to break those crypto-systems by finding two factors of an integer for
decades. In this paper, a new factorisation technique is proposed which is based on the concept
of backtracking. Binary bit by bit operations are performed to find two factors of a given
integer. This proposed solution can be applied in computing square root, primality test, finding
prime factors of integer numbers etc. If the proposed solution is proven to be efficient enough, it
may break the security of many crypto-systems. Implementation and performance comparison of
the technique is kept for future research.
IRJET-Triple Layered Security on Android Based SMS TransactionIRJET Journal
The document proposes a triple layer encryption technique for SMS on Android that securely encrypts messages. The technique applies bit manipulation, hill cipher encryption, and AES encryption sequentially to the SMS. At each stage of encryption, the output is converted to a new format before the next technique is applied. For decryption, the process is reversed, applying AES decryption first before hill cipher decryption and bit manipulation to recover the original SMS message. The technique aims to provide robust security for SMS transactions by encrypting data multiple times with different algorithms.
Elliptic Curves as Tool for Public Key Cryptographyinventy
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
Improving the initial values of VFactor suitable for balanced modulus IJECEIAES
The aim of this study is to estimate the new initial values of VFactor. In general, this algorithm is one of the members in a group of special proposed integer factorization algorithm. It has very high performance whenever the result of the difference between two prime factors of the modulus is a little, it is also called as balanced modulus. In fact, if this situation is occurred, RSA which is a type of public key cryptosystem will be broken easily. In addition, the main process of VFactor is to increase and decrease two odd integers in order to compute the multiplication until the targets are found. However, the initial values are far from the targets especially that the large value of the difference between two prime factors that is not suitable for VFactor. Therefore, the new initial values which are closer to the targets than the traditional values are proposed to decrease loops of the computation. In experimental results, it is shown that the loops can be decreased about 26% for the example of 256 bits-length of modulus that is from the small result of the difference between prime factors.
PEC - AN ALTERNATE AND MORE EFFICIENT PUBLIC KEY CRYPTOSYSTEMijcisjournal
In an increasingly connected world, security is a top concern for Internet of Things (IoT). These IoT devices have to
be inexpensive implying that they will be constrained in storage and computing resources. In order to secure such
devices, highly efficient public key cryptosystems (PKC) are critical. Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) is the most
commonly implemented PKC in use today. In this paper, an alternate and a more efficient PKC, called the PEC (Pells
Equation Cryptography) has been proposed based on Pells equation: x
2 − D ∗ y
2 ≡ 1 (mod p). It is shown that scalar
multiplication in PEC is significantly more efficient compared to ECC. It is also shown that the Discrete Logarithm
Problem - computing the private key from the public key - in PEC is at least as hard as that of ECC.
RSA always uses two big prime numbers to deal with the encryption process. The public key is obtained from the multiplication of both figures. However, we can break it by doing factorization to split the public key into two individual numbers. Cryptanalysis can perform the public key crack by knowing its value. The private key will be soon constructed after the two numbers retrieved. The public key is noted as “N”, while "N = P . Q". This technique is unclassified anymore to solve the RSA public and private key. If it is successfully factored into p and q then ɸ (N) = (P - 1) . (Q - 1) can be further calculated. By having the public key e, the private key d will be solved. Factorization method is the best way to do the demolition. This study concerns to numbers factorization. GCD calculation will produce the encryption "E" and decryption "D" keys, but it depends on the computer speed.
Secure Linear Transformation Based Cryptosystem using Dynamic Byte SubstitutionCSCJournals
Many classical cryptosystems are developed based on simple substitution. Hybrid cryptosystem using byte substitution and variable length sub key groups is a simple nonlinear algorithm but the cryptanalyst can find the length of each sub key group because the byte substitution is static and if the modulo prime number is small then byte substitution is limited to first few rows of S-box. In this paper an attempt is made to introduce the nonlinearity to the linear transformation based cryptosystem using dynamic byte substitution over GF (28). The secret value is added to the index value to shift the substitution to a new secret location dynamically. This adds extra security in addition to non-linearity, confusion and diffusion. The performance evaluation of the method is also studied and presented.
This document summarizes an article about implementing the RSA encryption/decryption algorithm on an FPGA. It begins with an overview of cryptography and the RSA algorithm. It then describes the key steps in RSA - key generation, encryption, and decryption. The main mathematical operations required for RSA are also summarized - modular addition, multiplication, and exponentiation. The document then presents the design of a 32-bit RSA decryption engine in VHDL, along with synthesis results showing its resource usage and maximum clock frequency on an FPGA. It concludes that an RSA decryption engine can be efficiently implemented on an FPGA using limited resources.
Backtracking based integer factorisation, primality testing and square root c...csandit
Breaking a big integer into two factors is a famous problem in the field of Mathematics and
Cryptography for years. Many crypto-systems use such a big number as their key or part of a
key with the assumption - it is too big that the fastest factorisation algorithms running on the
fastest computers would take impractically long period of time to factorise. Hence, many efforts
have been provided to break those crypto-systems by finding two factors of an integer for
decades. In this paper, a new factorisation technique is proposed which is based on the concept
of backtracking. Binary bit by bit operations are performed to find two factors of a given
integer. This proposed solution can be applied in computing square root, primality test, finding
prime factors of integer numbers etc. If the proposed solution is proven to be efficient enough, it
may break the security of many crypto-systems. Implementation and performance comparison of
the technique is kept for future research.
IRJET-Triple Layered Security on Android Based SMS TransactionIRJET Journal
The document proposes a triple layer encryption technique for SMS on Android that securely encrypts messages. The technique applies bit manipulation, hill cipher encryption, and AES encryption sequentially to the SMS. At each stage of encryption, the output is converted to a new format before the next technique is applied. For decryption, the process is reversed, applying AES decryption first before hill cipher decryption and bit manipulation to recover the original SMS message. The technique aims to provide robust security for SMS transactions by encrypting data multiple times with different algorithms.
Elliptic Curves as Tool for Public Key Cryptographyinventy
Research Inventy : International Journal of Engineering and Science is published by the group of young academic and industrial researchers with 12 Issues per year. It is an online as well as print version open access journal that provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as: civil, mechanical, chemical, electronic and computer engineering as well as production and information technology. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published by rapid process within 20 days after acceptance and peer review process takes only 7 days. All articles published in Research Inventy will be peer-reviewed.
Improving the initial values of VFactor suitable for balanced modulus IJECEIAES
The aim of this study is to estimate the new initial values of VFactor. In general, this algorithm is one of the members in a group of special proposed integer factorization algorithm. It has very high performance whenever the result of the difference between two prime factors of the modulus is a little, it is also called as balanced modulus. In fact, if this situation is occurred, RSA which is a type of public key cryptosystem will be broken easily. In addition, the main process of VFactor is to increase and decrease two odd integers in order to compute the multiplication until the targets are found. However, the initial values are far from the targets especially that the large value of the difference between two prime factors that is not suitable for VFactor. Therefore, the new initial values which are closer to the targets than the traditional values are proposed to decrease loops of the computation. In experimental results, it is shown that the loops can be decreased about 26% for the example of 256 bits-length of modulus that is from the small result of the difference between prime factors.
PEC - AN ALTERNATE AND MORE EFFICIENT PUBLIC KEY CRYPTOSYSTEMijcisjournal
In an increasingly connected world, security is a top concern for Internet of Things (IoT). These IoT devices have to
be inexpensive implying that they will be constrained in storage and computing resources. In order to secure such
devices, highly efficient public key cryptosystems (PKC) are critical. Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) is the most
commonly implemented PKC in use today. In this paper, an alternate and a more efficient PKC, called the PEC (Pells
Equation Cryptography) has been proposed based on Pells equation: x
2 − D ∗ y
2 ≡ 1 (mod p). It is shown that scalar
multiplication in PEC is significantly more efficient compared to ECC. It is also shown that the Discrete Logarithm
Problem - computing the private key from the public key - in PEC is at least as hard as that of ECC.
RSA always uses two big prime numbers to deal with the encryption process. The public key is obtained from the multiplication of both figures. However, we can break it by doing factorization to split the public key into two individual numbers. Cryptanalysis can perform the public key crack by knowing its value. The private key will be soon constructed after the two numbers retrieved. The public key is noted as “N”, while "N = P . Q". This technique is unclassified anymore to solve the RSA public and private key. If it is successfully factored into p and q then ɸ (N) = (P - 1) . (Q - 1) can be further calculated. By having the public key e, the private key d will be solved. Factorization method is the best way to do the demolition. This study concerns to numbers factorization. GCD calculation will produce the encryption "E" and decryption "D" keys, but it depends on the computer speed.
Towards Practical Homomorphic Encryption with Efficient Public key GenerationIDES Editor
With the advent of cloud computing several security
and privacy challenges are put forth. To deal with many of
these privacy issues, ‘processing the encrypted data’ has been
identified as a potential solution, which requires a Fully
Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) scheme. After the
breakthrough work of Craig Gentry in devising an FHE,
several new homomorphic encryption schemes and variants
have been proposed. However, all those theoretically feasible
schemes are not viable for practical deployment due to their
high computational complexities. In this work, a variant of
the DGHV’s integer based Somewhat Homomorphic
Encryption (SHE) scheme with an efficient public key
generation method is presented. The complexities of various
algorithms involved in the scheme are significantly low. The
semantic security of the variant is based on the two-element
Partial Approximate Greatest Common Divisors (PAGCD)
problem. Experimental results prove that the proposed scheme
is very much efficient than any other integer based SHE
scheme existing today and hence practical.
A SIGNATURE ALGORITHM BASED ON DLP AND COMPUTING SQUARE ROOTSZac Darcy
n this work, we present a new digital signature protocol based on the discrete logarithm problem and
computing square roots modulo a large composite number. This method can be used as an alternative if
known systems are broken.
Symmetric Key based Encryption and Decryption using Lissajous Curve EquationsYayah Zakaria
Sender and receiver both uses two large similar prime numbers and uses parametric equations for swapping values of kx and by product of kx and ky is the common secret key. Generated secret key is used for encryption and decryption using ASCII key matrix of order 16X16. Applying playfair rules for encryption and decryption. Playfair is a digraph substitution cipher. Playfair makes use of pairs of letters for encryption and decryption. This
application makes use of all ASCII characters which makes brute force attack impossible.
To the networks rfwkidea32 16, 32-8, 32-4, 32-2 and rfwkidea32-1, based on th...ijcisjournal
In this article, based on a network IDEA32-16, we have developed 5 new networks:RFWKIDEA32-16,RFWKIDEA32-8,
RFWKIDEA32-4, RFWKIDEA32-2, RFWKIDEA32, that do
not use round keys in round functions. It shows that in offered networks such Feistel network,
encryption and decryption using the same algorithm as a round function can be used any
transformation.
Breadth first algorithm for solving Image based maze problemNavin Kumar
The project includes maze solving using the breadth-first search algorithm. The maze given is of predefined dimensions so that the image processing can be done easily.
The Implementation can be found at http://navin.live/maze
The Project is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of master of technology for the following Subjects
1) PROJECT MTCS-308
2) SEMINAR MTCS-307
at I.K.GUJRAL PUNJAB TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY
KAPURTHALA
By
Navin Kumar
Roll No. 1710965
1. The document presents a method for further compressing the output bitstream of the SPIHT image compression algorithm through the use of entropy encoding.
2. It analyzes the SPIHT output bitstream to find it contains many runs of zeroes. It then divides the bitstream into symbols of 3 bits each and calculates the probability of each symbol.
3. The symbols are then entropy encoded using Huffman coding, achieving an additional 15% compression over the original SPIHT bitstream on test images. Experimental results on Lena and Goldhill images demonstrate the effectiveness of this combined SPIHT and entropy encoding approach.
A comprehensive framework for secure query processing on relational data in t...Totan Banik
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a framework for securely querying relational data stored in the cloud. The framework uses a technique called "salted IDA" to encrypt data for confidentiality and disperse it across servers for availability. It also builds a secure B+-tree index to efficiently process queries on the encrypted data. The framework supports common query types like exact queries and range queries, as well as data updates, inserts and deletes. It aims to address security issues like data confidentiality, availability and integrity while enabling practical relational data management in the cloud.
This document discusses randomized data structures and algorithms. It begins by motivating randomized data structures by noting that some data structures like binary search trees have average case performance but worst case inputs. Randomizing the data structure removes dependency on inputs and provides expected case performance. The document then discusses treaps and randomized skip lists as examples of randomized data structures that provide efficient expected case performance for operations like insertion, deletion, and search. It also covers topics like randomized number generation, primality testing, and how randomization can transform average case runtimes into expected case runtimes.
A NEW ALGORITHM TO CONSTRUCT S-BOXES WITH HIGH DIFFUSIONijscmcj
In this paper is proposed a new algorithm to construct S-Boxes over GF(28) with Branch Number value at least 3. This is an important property that guarantees a high diusion in the S-Box [12]. Also are introduced some defnition and properties that show the be- havior of S-Boxes under the composition with affine functions. Finally is presented a comparision between this algorithm and the method pro-posed by Tavares [12].
A fpga implementation of data hiding using lsb matching methodeSAT Journals
Abstract
Data Hiding is one of the familiar methodologies used nowadays to authenticate and resolve the copyrights of the digital data.
This paper discusses the verilog based FPGA implementation of data hiding in grayscale image using the concept of the LSB
Matching technique. In this verilog based data hiding process the secret digital signature is hidden in the host image then
analyzed with the PSNR value and Payload capacity.
Keywords: Data hiding, Least-Significant-bit matching method, Reversible, Gray Scale Image, Real Time
LSB Embedding, FPGA- Implementation etc
This document presents a block cipher that incorporates concepts from the Hill cipher and previous block ciphers developed by the authors. The cipher uses a key matrix K and encryption key bunch matrix E to encrypt plaintext P into ciphertext C. Decryption uses the inverse of K and a decryption key bunch matrix D to recover P from C. The cipher is strengthened by including Mix() and Imix() functions that diffuse bits during encryption and decryption rounds. Cryptanalysis shows the cipher is unbreakable against known attacks due to the diffusion achieved by superimposing Hill cipher and previous block cipher concepts. In 3 sentences or less, this document proposes and analyzes a block cipher combining aspects of Hill cipher and previous work, using key matrices for
A New Hendecagonal Fuzzy Number For Optimization Problemsijtsrd
A new fuzzy number called Hendecagonal fuzzy number and its membership function is introduced, which is used to represent the uncertainty with eleven points. The fuzzy numbers with ten ordinates exists in literature. The aim of this paper is to define Hendecagonal fuzzy number and its arithmetic operations. Also a direct approach is proposed to solve fuzzy assignment problem (FAP) and fuzzy travelling salesman (FTSP) in which the cost and distance are represented by Hendecagonal fuzzy numbers. Numerical example shows the effectiveness of the proposed method and the Hendecagonal fuzzy number M. Revathi | Dr. M. Valliathal | R. Saravanan | Dr. K. Rathi"A New Hendecagonal Fuzzy Number For Optimization Problems" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-5 , August 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd2258.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/mathemetics/applied-mathamatics/2258/a-new-hendecagonal-fuzzy-number-for-optimization-problems/m-revathi
Abstract
In the infancy of Cryptography Mono-alphabetic Substitution Ciphers were considered good enough to baffle any potential attackers but with the advancements in technology & the upsurge of computing power those methods have become trivial. Even the very complex methods of encryption are vulnerable to the brute force attacks of contemporary computers and with Quantum computing on the horizon even the current state of the art cryptosystems are at risk. Lots of research is being done and every possible field is being explored in order to create that elusive unbreakable cipher. Among other subjects, Geometry is also being applied and various ciphers based on the properties of different geometrical figures have been developed. This paper ventures to investigate the recent research applying the concept of geometry to boost the caliber of pre-existing cryptosystems enhance the understanding of the subject.
Keywords: Cryptography, Geometry, Encryption, Decryption, ECC, Circle, Chakra, Ellipse, Hyperbola, HCCS
Dokumen ini berisi jadwal bilal dan penggantinya untuk lima hari dalam seminggu, dimulai dari hari Jum'at oleh Bilal Manis Kang Ulin dan diikuti hari-hari berikutnya.
Alexandra Guambo es una estudiante de 19 años que cursa la carrera de Gestión Turística y Hotelera en la Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo. Le gusta bailar y tocar el violín.
The Ministry of Corporate Affairs is revising Form SPICe (INC-32) to include applying for a Company PAN and first TAN from the Income Tax Department in the incorporation form itself. Applying for both PAN and TAN will be mandatory for all new SPICe forms filed on or after January 23, 2017. Stakeholders are advised to download the new version of SPICe for fresh applications from this date and the old version for previously marked resubmission cases. Filing of SPICe forms will be temporarily unavailable from January 20-23, 2017 to implement the changes. The revised SPICe will require applying for both PAN and TAN, generating pre-filled Forms 49A
El taller vivencial de fomento a la lectura para padres e hijos dura una hora y tiene como objetivo despertar el gusto por la lectura en los niños preescolares. El maestro o cuentacuentos muestra técnicas para entusiasmar a los niños en la lectura a través de lecturas dramatizadas con recursos como títeres o música. Al final, se recomienda a las familias la adquisición de libros apropiados para sus hijos.
Proiplas se caracteriza por amoldar los requerimientos de nuestros clientes mediante un completo portafolio de servicios en inyección plástica. Contáctenos..!!
El documento describe tres modelos económicos principales - mercado libre, centralizado y mixto. El modelo de mercado libre se basa en empresas privadas y competencia con mínima intervención del gobierno. El modelo centralizado tiene propiedad y administración públicas con planificación económica. El modelo mixto es un híbrido que mezcla elementos de mercado libre y centralizado, y representa al 99% de las economías actuales.
Validating a serious games strategy to improve multi-patient care in emergenc...INSPIRE_Network
This presentation discusses a study validating a serious game to improve multi-patient care skills in emergency departments. The study compares game performance and choices to other metrics like medical licensing exam scores and evaluations. It is currently enrolling US medical students and pediatric residents. The goal is to determine if there is a dose-response relationship between game use and multi-patient care ability as assessed by in-game metrics and real patient care efficiency. The presentation outlines the study timeline and seeks advice on funding, data collection best practices, and alternative outcomes.
Festmahl zur Trump-Amtseinführung: Die RezepteFunkeBerlin
This document provides recipes for a Maine lobster and Gulf shrimp dish that serves 10 people. It includes ingredients and instructions for preparing 5 Maine lobsters, 20 Gulf shrimp, fava beans, butternut squash, potato dumplings, and a saffron lobster sauce. Additional recipes are provided for a peanut crumble, potato dumplings, and saffron lobster sauce. The document also provides detailed instructions for preparing each component and plating the final dish.
Towards Practical Homomorphic Encryption with Efficient Public key GenerationIDES Editor
With the advent of cloud computing several security
and privacy challenges are put forth. To deal with many of
these privacy issues, ‘processing the encrypted data’ has been
identified as a potential solution, which requires a Fully
Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) scheme. After the
breakthrough work of Craig Gentry in devising an FHE,
several new homomorphic encryption schemes and variants
have been proposed. However, all those theoretically feasible
schemes are not viable for practical deployment due to their
high computational complexities. In this work, a variant of
the DGHV’s integer based Somewhat Homomorphic
Encryption (SHE) scheme with an efficient public key
generation method is presented. The complexities of various
algorithms involved in the scheme are significantly low. The
semantic security of the variant is based on the two-element
Partial Approximate Greatest Common Divisors (PAGCD)
problem. Experimental results prove that the proposed scheme
is very much efficient than any other integer based SHE
scheme existing today and hence practical.
A SIGNATURE ALGORITHM BASED ON DLP AND COMPUTING SQUARE ROOTSZac Darcy
n this work, we present a new digital signature protocol based on the discrete logarithm problem and
computing square roots modulo a large composite number. This method can be used as an alternative if
known systems are broken.
Symmetric Key based Encryption and Decryption using Lissajous Curve EquationsYayah Zakaria
Sender and receiver both uses two large similar prime numbers and uses parametric equations for swapping values of kx and by product of kx and ky is the common secret key. Generated secret key is used for encryption and decryption using ASCII key matrix of order 16X16. Applying playfair rules for encryption and decryption. Playfair is a digraph substitution cipher. Playfair makes use of pairs of letters for encryption and decryption. This
application makes use of all ASCII characters which makes brute force attack impossible.
To the networks rfwkidea32 16, 32-8, 32-4, 32-2 and rfwkidea32-1, based on th...ijcisjournal
In this article, based on a network IDEA32-16, we have developed 5 new networks:RFWKIDEA32-16,RFWKIDEA32-8,
RFWKIDEA32-4, RFWKIDEA32-2, RFWKIDEA32, that do
not use round keys in round functions. It shows that in offered networks such Feistel network,
encryption and decryption using the same algorithm as a round function can be used any
transformation.
Breadth first algorithm for solving Image based maze problemNavin Kumar
The project includes maze solving using the breadth-first search algorithm. The maze given is of predefined dimensions so that the image processing can be done easily.
The Implementation can be found at http://navin.live/maze
The Project is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of master of technology for the following Subjects
1) PROJECT MTCS-308
2) SEMINAR MTCS-307
at I.K.GUJRAL PUNJAB TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY
KAPURTHALA
By
Navin Kumar
Roll No. 1710965
1. The document presents a method for further compressing the output bitstream of the SPIHT image compression algorithm through the use of entropy encoding.
2. It analyzes the SPIHT output bitstream to find it contains many runs of zeroes. It then divides the bitstream into symbols of 3 bits each and calculates the probability of each symbol.
3. The symbols are then entropy encoded using Huffman coding, achieving an additional 15% compression over the original SPIHT bitstream on test images. Experimental results on Lena and Goldhill images demonstrate the effectiveness of this combined SPIHT and entropy encoding approach.
A comprehensive framework for secure query processing on relational data in t...Totan Banik
This document summarizes a research paper that proposes a framework for securely querying relational data stored in the cloud. The framework uses a technique called "salted IDA" to encrypt data for confidentiality and disperse it across servers for availability. It also builds a secure B+-tree index to efficiently process queries on the encrypted data. The framework supports common query types like exact queries and range queries, as well as data updates, inserts and deletes. It aims to address security issues like data confidentiality, availability and integrity while enabling practical relational data management in the cloud.
This document discusses randomized data structures and algorithms. It begins by motivating randomized data structures by noting that some data structures like binary search trees have average case performance but worst case inputs. Randomizing the data structure removes dependency on inputs and provides expected case performance. The document then discusses treaps and randomized skip lists as examples of randomized data structures that provide efficient expected case performance for operations like insertion, deletion, and search. It also covers topics like randomized number generation, primality testing, and how randomization can transform average case runtimes into expected case runtimes.
A NEW ALGORITHM TO CONSTRUCT S-BOXES WITH HIGH DIFFUSIONijscmcj
In this paper is proposed a new algorithm to construct S-Boxes over GF(28) with Branch Number value at least 3. This is an important property that guarantees a high diusion in the S-Box [12]. Also are introduced some defnition and properties that show the be- havior of S-Boxes under the composition with affine functions. Finally is presented a comparision between this algorithm and the method pro-posed by Tavares [12].
A fpga implementation of data hiding using lsb matching methodeSAT Journals
Abstract
Data Hiding is one of the familiar methodologies used nowadays to authenticate and resolve the copyrights of the digital data.
This paper discusses the verilog based FPGA implementation of data hiding in grayscale image using the concept of the LSB
Matching technique. In this verilog based data hiding process the secret digital signature is hidden in the host image then
analyzed with the PSNR value and Payload capacity.
Keywords: Data hiding, Least-Significant-bit matching method, Reversible, Gray Scale Image, Real Time
LSB Embedding, FPGA- Implementation etc
This document presents a block cipher that incorporates concepts from the Hill cipher and previous block ciphers developed by the authors. The cipher uses a key matrix K and encryption key bunch matrix E to encrypt plaintext P into ciphertext C. Decryption uses the inverse of K and a decryption key bunch matrix D to recover P from C. The cipher is strengthened by including Mix() and Imix() functions that diffuse bits during encryption and decryption rounds. Cryptanalysis shows the cipher is unbreakable against known attacks due to the diffusion achieved by superimposing Hill cipher and previous block cipher concepts. In 3 sentences or less, this document proposes and analyzes a block cipher combining aspects of Hill cipher and previous work, using key matrices for
A New Hendecagonal Fuzzy Number For Optimization Problemsijtsrd
A new fuzzy number called Hendecagonal fuzzy number and its membership function is introduced, which is used to represent the uncertainty with eleven points. The fuzzy numbers with ten ordinates exists in literature. The aim of this paper is to define Hendecagonal fuzzy number and its arithmetic operations. Also a direct approach is proposed to solve fuzzy assignment problem (FAP) and fuzzy travelling salesman (FTSP) in which the cost and distance are represented by Hendecagonal fuzzy numbers. Numerical example shows the effectiveness of the proposed method and the Hendecagonal fuzzy number M. Revathi | Dr. M. Valliathal | R. Saravanan | Dr. K. Rathi"A New Hendecagonal Fuzzy Number For Optimization Problems" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-5 , August 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd2258.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/mathemetics/applied-mathamatics/2258/a-new-hendecagonal-fuzzy-number-for-optimization-problems/m-revathi
Abstract
In the infancy of Cryptography Mono-alphabetic Substitution Ciphers were considered good enough to baffle any potential attackers but with the advancements in technology & the upsurge of computing power those methods have become trivial. Even the very complex methods of encryption are vulnerable to the brute force attacks of contemporary computers and with Quantum computing on the horizon even the current state of the art cryptosystems are at risk. Lots of research is being done and every possible field is being explored in order to create that elusive unbreakable cipher. Among other subjects, Geometry is also being applied and various ciphers based on the properties of different geometrical figures have been developed. This paper ventures to investigate the recent research applying the concept of geometry to boost the caliber of pre-existing cryptosystems enhance the understanding of the subject.
Keywords: Cryptography, Geometry, Encryption, Decryption, ECC, Circle, Chakra, Ellipse, Hyperbola, HCCS
Dokumen ini berisi jadwal bilal dan penggantinya untuk lima hari dalam seminggu, dimulai dari hari Jum'at oleh Bilal Manis Kang Ulin dan diikuti hari-hari berikutnya.
Alexandra Guambo es una estudiante de 19 años que cursa la carrera de Gestión Turística y Hotelera en la Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo. Le gusta bailar y tocar el violín.
The Ministry of Corporate Affairs is revising Form SPICe (INC-32) to include applying for a Company PAN and first TAN from the Income Tax Department in the incorporation form itself. Applying for both PAN and TAN will be mandatory for all new SPICe forms filed on or after January 23, 2017. Stakeholders are advised to download the new version of SPICe for fresh applications from this date and the old version for previously marked resubmission cases. Filing of SPICe forms will be temporarily unavailable from January 20-23, 2017 to implement the changes. The revised SPICe will require applying for both PAN and TAN, generating pre-filled Forms 49A
El taller vivencial de fomento a la lectura para padres e hijos dura una hora y tiene como objetivo despertar el gusto por la lectura en los niños preescolares. El maestro o cuentacuentos muestra técnicas para entusiasmar a los niños en la lectura a través de lecturas dramatizadas con recursos como títeres o música. Al final, se recomienda a las familias la adquisición de libros apropiados para sus hijos.
Proiplas se caracteriza por amoldar los requerimientos de nuestros clientes mediante un completo portafolio de servicios en inyección plástica. Contáctenos..!!
El documento describe tres modelos económicos principales - mercado libre, centralizado y mixto. El modelo de mercado libre se basa en empresas privadas y competencia con mínima intervención del gobierno. El modelo centralizado tiene propiedad y administración públicas con planificación económica. El modelo mixto es un híbrido que mezcla elementos de mercado libre y centralizado, y representa al 99% de las economías actuales.
Validating a serious games strategy to improve multi-patient care in emergenc...INSPIRE_Network
This presentation discusses a study validating a serious game to improve multi-patient care skills in emergency departments. The study compares game performance and choices to other metrics like medical licensing exam scores and evaluations. It is currently enrolling US medical students and pediatric residents. The goal is to determine if there is a dose-response relationship between game use and multi-patient care ability as assessed by in-game metrics and real patient care efficiency. The presentation outlines the study timeline and seeks advice on funding, data collection best practices, and alternative outcomes.
Festmahl zur Trump-Amtseinführung: Die RezepteFunkeBerlin
This document provides recipes for a Maine lobster and Gulf shrimp dish that serves 10 people. It includes ingredients and instructions for preparing 5 Maine lobsters, 20 Gulf shrimp, fava beans, butternut squash, potato dumplings, and a saffron lobster sauce. Additional recipes are provided for a peanut crumble, potato dumplings, and saffron lobster sauce. The document also provides detailed instructions for preparing each component and plating the final dish.
The digestive system extracts nutrients from food and expels undigested waste. It begins with saliva production in the mouth triggered by smell to help crush food with teeth. Food is then sent as a bolus down the esophagus to the stomach, where strong muscles and gastric juices break it down into a liquid that passes into the small intestine for further digestion and nutrient absorption. Undigested waste then moves to the large intestine and leaves the body through the anus.
Este documento apresenta os resultados da categoria feminina elite de uma competição ciclística, listando o nome, clube e tempo de cada uma das 8 ciclistas classificadas e uma desclassificada. A primeira colocada foi ELI BERGHOFER do clube SANTA RITA BIKE -JAGUA PIRU com o tempo de 1h35min5seg.
El documento presenta información sobre el turismo australiano a Colombia en 2016. Algunos puntos claves son: 1) Australia es el primer emisor de turistas a Colombia de la región Asia-Pacífico. 2) En 2015 visitaron Colombia 17,521 turistas australianos, un crecimiento del 22% desde 2013. 3) Los principales destinos son Bogotá, Cartagena, Medellín y Cali. El documento también analiza el perfil del turista australiano, las tendencias del mercado y oportunidades para Colombia.
This document presents a circuit envelope simulation method for analyzing semiconductor devices. It introduces the theory and implementation of combining harmonic balance and circuit envelope approaches. A test case of a GaAs MESFET is used to demonstrate the method. Signal profiles of displacement current and conduction current are examined under various input signals to identify the physical origins of nonlinearity in the device. The method links signal distortion to device operation and geometry and shows promise for optimizing power amplifiers for wireless applications.
This presentation discusses issues facing forestry across Canada including government policies related to forestry management, forest fires, responses to natural disaster, mitigation of losses, response time to natural disaster, budget cycles and Coordinated responses to forest fires.
India has the largest adolescent population in the world at 243 million individuals between ages 10-19. Adolescents in India face many health issues including malnutrition, anemia, mental health problems, early pregnancy, sexually transmitted infections, and gender dysphoria. Proper nutrition, counseling, contraceptive access, and supportive environments are needed to help adolescents through this critical life stage.
- BP reported a 30% increase in underlying replacement cost profit from $0.7 billion in 2Q16 to $0.9 billion in 3Q16. Underlying operating cash flow declined 12% year-on-year to $4.8 billion.
- Upstream underlying RCPBIT was flat at $0 billion compared to a loss of $0.7 billion in 2Q16. Downstream underlying RCPBIT increased to $1.4 billion from $1.5 billion in 2Q16.
- BP expects to balance organic sources and uses of cash at $50-55/bbl Brent by 2017 and deliver organic free cash flow growth thereafter through cost reductions and performance improvement. Capital
This document summarizes elliptic curve cryptography and proposes a method to enhance its security. It begins with an abstract that discusses how ECC is more secure than other public key cryptosystems and proposes enhancing ECC security using character conversion. It then provides background on encryption methods and key types, describing symmetric, asymmetric, and public key encryption. It explains how ECC works by defining a finite group where exponentiation is easy but solving the discrete logarithm problem is very difficult, making ECC secure even with smaller key sizes than other methods. Finally, it proposes enhancing ECC security against attacks by using a character conversion method.
A comparative analysis of the possible attacks on rsa cryptosystemIAEME Publication
The document summarizes various attacks on the RSA cryptosystem. It discusses two main categories of attacks: 1) Mathematical attacks that exploit weaknesses in the mathematical structure of RSA, such as factoring the modulus or using a small private key. 2) Implementation attacks that take advantage of flaws in how RSA is implemented, like timing attacks. It then proposes a new attack algorithm that claims to be able to recover the private exponent d and factor the modulus n given only the public key (e,n), potentially breaking RSA without factoring.
Security_Attacks_On_RSA~ A Computational Number Theoretic Approach.pptxshahiduljahid71
The document discusses various attacks on the RSA cryptosystem. It introduces factoring attacks which aim to factor the modulus N, as knowing the prime factors p and q would allow an attacker to calculate the private key. It notes that while factoring large integers remains difficult, other attacks exist that could decrypt messages without directly factoring N. The document then examines elementary attacks like common modulus and blinding attacks that could potentially extract information about encrypted messages without inverting the RSA function. Finally, it poses an open problem around whether an algorithm could efficiently factor N given access to the RSA encryption function.
Abstract: Security is playing an important and crucial role in the field of network communication system and internet. Here, lot of encryption algorithms were developed and so far .Though many algorithms are used now a days, there is a lack of security in message transformation. Security can be improved by making some modifications in traditional algorithms. Algorithms are DES, RSA, ECC algorithm etc. Among this it is preferred to do some modifications in RSA Algorithm. So, the changes applied in these algorithms, security will be better than the previous.
Keywords: Encryption, Decryption, DES, RSA, ECC, Plain Text, Cipher Text.
Title: Improving Network Security by Modifying RSA Algorithm
Author: KANNIKA PARAMESHWARI B, KRITHIKA M, KARTHI P
ISSN 2350-1022
International Journal of Recent Research in Mathematics Computer Science and Information Technology
Paper Publications
This project aims to evaluate and analyze the RSA algorithm as a security policy. The objective is to analyze conventional security policies, evaluate RSA, and perform performance analysis and measurement. The methodology uses random padding schemes as an outer layer of protection for the core RSA policy to make it unbreakable. It also aims to minimize computational complexity of RSA. The project implements RSA encryption and decryption in C++ and C# with a graphical user interface. It analyzes performance in Matlab and models the project using UML.
Maths behind every it operation. (development and management)Swapnil Kotwal
This presentation covers very famous mathematical algorithm used in every IT person's life every day.
I have covered CPM and RSA algorithm with very simpler manner.
Enhanced RSA Cryptosystem based on Multiplicity of Public and Private Keys IJECEIAES
Security is one of the most important concern to the information and data sharing for companies, banks, organizations and government facilities. RSA is a public cryptographic algorithm that is designed specifically for authentication and data encryption. One of the most powerful reasons makes RSA more secure is that the avoidance of key exchange in the encryption and decryption processes. Standard RSA algorithm depends on the key length only to protect systems. However, RSA key is broken from time to another due to the development of computers hardware such as high speed processors and advanced technology. RSA developers have increased a key length or size of a key periodically to maintain a high security and privacy to systems that are protected by the RSA. In this paper, a method has been designed and implemented to strengthen the RSA algorithm by using multiple public and private keys. Therefore, in this method the security of RSA not only depends on the key size, but also relies on the multiplicity of public and private keys.
Cryptography is the practice and study of techniques for conveying information security.
The goal of Cryptography is to allow the intended recipients of the message to receive the message securely.
The most famous algorithm used today is RSA algorithm
This document provides a summary of the life and career of Sh. Pramod Kumar T.K., who served as the Joint Secretary (Academics) at the Central Board of Secondary Education from April 15, 1971 to May 25, 2021. It dedicates his memory and recognizes his dedicated service in this role.
Cryptosystem An Implementation of RSA Using Verilogijcncs
This document describes an implementation of the RSA cryptosystem using Verilog for an FPGA. It presents the design of modules for key generation, encryption, and decryption. For key generation, it generates random prime numbers using an LFSR and primality tester, then calculates the public and private keys. Encryption and decryption are performed through modular exponentiation implemented with a right-to-left binary method. The modules are coded in Verilog and synthesized for an FPGA to provide a secure cryptosystem.
This report to document the RSA code and how it works from encrypting certain message to how to decrypt it using general and private keys which will be generated in the given code.
Modern-day computer security relies heavily on cryptography as a means to protect the data that we have
become increasingly reliant on. The main research in computer security domain is how to enhance the
speed of RSA algorithm. The computing capability of Graphic Processing Unit as a co-processor of the
CPU can leverage massive-parallelism. This paper presents a novel algorithm for calculating modulo
value that can process large power of numbers which otherwise are not supported by built-in data types.
First the traditional algorithm is studied. Secondly, the parallelized RSA algorithm is designed using
CUDA framework. Thirdly, the designed algorithm is realized for small prime numbers and large prime
number . As a result the main fundamental problem of RSA algorithm such as speed and use of poor or
small prime numbers that has led to significant security holes, despite the RSA algorithm's mathematical
soundness can be alleviated by this algorithm.
ANALYSIS OF RSA ALGORITHM USING GPU PROGRAMMINGIJNSA Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that analyzes speeding up the RSA encryption algorithm using GPU programming. It begins by providing background on RSA and GPU accelerated computing. It then describes in detail the traditional RSA algorithm and various techniques for improving modular exponentiation efficiency. The document outlines a parallelized RSA algorithm designed using CUDA that assigns each character of a message to a separate GPU thread for encryption. Evaluation results showed the parallelized algorithm alleviated issues with RSA related to speed and small prime numbers.
The document discusses key concepts related to data structures and algorithms in C including:
1. Data structures allow for efficient storage and retrieval of data through logical organization and mathematical modeling.
2. Algorithms must be correct, finite, and efficient to solve problems by taking input and producing output through a defined sequence of steps.
3. Common data structures covered include arrays, stacks, queues, linked lists, trees, and graphs. Abstract data types allow separation of implementation from interface.
The document discusses key concepts related to data structures and algorithms in C including:
1. Data structures allow for efficient storage and retrieval of data through logical organization and mathematical modeling.
2. Algorithms must be correct, finite, and efficient to solve problems by taking input and producing output through a defined sequence of steps.
3. Common data structures covered include arrays, stacks, queues, linked lists, trees, and graphs. Abstract data types allow separation of implementation from interface.
New Digital Signature Protocol Based on Elliptic Curvesijcisjournal
In this work, a new digital signature based on elliptic curves is presented. We established its efficiency and
security. The method, derived from a variant of ElGamal signature scheme, can be seen as a secure alternative protocol if known systems are completely broken.
This document discusses implementing the RSA encryption/decryption algorithm on an FPGA. It provides an overview of the RSA algorithm, including key generation, encryption, and decryption steps. It describes how modular arithmetic operations like addition, multiplication, and exponentiation are used in RSA. The document presents the VHDL code developed to implement an RSA decryption engine on an FPGA. Synthesis results show the decryption engine utilizes under 15% of device resources and achieves a maximum clock frequency of 68.57MHz. The document concludes that an RSA decryption engine can be efficiently implemented on an FPGA.
ACCELERATION DETECTION OF LARGE (PROBABLY) PRIME NUMBERSijujournal
This document discusses methods for efficiently generating large prime numbers for use in RSA cryptography. It presents experimental results measuring the time taken to generate prime numbers when trial dividing the starting number by different numbers of initial primes before applying the Miller-Rabin primality test. The optimal number of trial divisions can be estimated as B=E/D, where E is the time for Miller-Rabin test and D is the maximum usefulness of trial division. Experimental results on different sized numbers support dividing by around 20 initial primes as optimal.
Global Situational Awareness of A.I. and where its headedvikram sood
You can see the future first in San Francisco.
Over the past year, the talk of the town has shifted from $10 billion compute clusters to $100 billion clusters to trillion-dollar clusters. Every six months another zero is added to the boardroom plans. Behind the scenes, there’s a fierce scramble to secure every power contract still available for the rest of the decade, every voltage transformer that can possibly be procured. American big business is gearing up to pour trillions of dollars into a long-unseen mobilization of American industrial might. By the end of the decade, American electricity production will have grown tens of percent; from the shale fields of Pennsylvania to the solar farms of Nevada, hundreds of millions of GPUs will hum.
The AGI race has begun. We are building machines that can think and reason. By 2025/26, these machines will outpace college graduates. By the end of the decade, they will be smarter than you or I; we will have superintelligence, in the true sense of the word. Along the way, national security forces not seen in half a century will be un-leashed, and before long, The Project will be on. If we’re lucky, we’ll be in an all-out race with the CCP; if we’re unlucky, an all-out war.
Everyone is now talking about AI, but few have the faintest glimmer of what is about to hit them. Nvidia analysts still think 2024 might be close to the peak. Mainstream pundits are stuck on the wilful blindness of “it’s just predicting the next word”. They see only hype and business-as-usual; at most they entertain another internet-scale technological change.
Before long, the world will wake up. But right now, there are perhaps a few hundred people, most of them in San Francisco and the AI labs, that have situational awareness. Through whatever peculiar forces of fate, I have found myself amongst them. A few years ago, these people were derided as crazy—but they trusted the trendlines, which allowed them to correctly predict the AI advances of the past few years. Whether these people are also right about the next few years remains to be seen. But these are very smart people—the smartest people I have ever met—and they are the ones building this technology. Perhaps they will be an odd footnote in history, or perhaps they will go down in history like Szilard and Oppenheimer and Teller. If they are seeing the future even close to correctly, we are in for a wild ride.
Let me tell you what we see.
Beyond the Basics of A/B Tests: Highly Innovative Experimentation Tactics You...Aggregage
This webinar will explore cutting-edge, less familiar but powerful experimentation methodologies which address well-known limitations of standard A/B Testing. Designed for data and product leaders, this session aims to inspire the embrace of innovative approaches and provide insights into the frontiers of experimentation!
Codeless Generative AI Pipelines
(GenAI with Milvus)
https://ml.dssconf.pl/user.html#!/lecture/DSSML24-041a/rate
Discover the potential of real-time streaming in the context of GenAI as we delve into the intricacies of Apache NiFi and its capabilities. Learn how this tool can significantly simplify the data engineering workflow for GenAI applications, allowing you to focus on the creative aspects rather than the technical complexities. I will guide you through practical examples and use cases, showing the impact of automation on prompt building. From data ingestion to transformation and delivery, witness how Apache NiFi streamlines the entire pipeline, ensuring a smooth and hassle-free experience.
Timothy Spann
https://www.youtube.com/@FLaNK-Stack
https://medium.com/@tspann
https://www.datainmotion.dev/
milvus, unstructured data, vector database, zilliz, cloud, vectors, python, deep learning, generative ai, genai, nifi, kafka, flink, streaming, iot, edge
4th Modern Marketing Reckoner by MMA Global India & Group M: 60+ experts on W...Social Samosa
The Modern Marketing Reckoner (MMR) is a comprehensive resource packed with POVs from 60+ industry leaders on how AI is transforming the 4 key pillars of marketing – product, place, price and promotions.
Predictably Improve Your B2B Tech Company's Performance by Leveraging DataKiwi Creative
Harness the power of AI-backed reports, benchmarking and data analysis to predict trends and detect anomalies in your marketing efforts.
Peter Caputa, CEO at Databox, reveals how you can discover the strategies and tools to increase your growth rate (and margins!).
From metrics to track to data habits to pick up, enhance your reporting for powerful insights to improve your B2B tech company's marketing.
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This is the webinar recording from the June 2024 HubSpot User Group (HUG) for B2B Technology USA.
Watch the video recording at https://youtu.be/5vjwGfPN9lw
Sign up for future HUG events at https://events.hubspot.com/b2b-technology-usa/
Analysis insight about a Flyball dog competition team's performanceroli9797
Insight of my analysis about a Flyball dog competition team's last year performance. Find more: https://github.com/rolandnagy-ds/flyball_race_analysis/tree/main
"Financial Odyssey: Navigating Past Performance Through Diverse Analytical Lens"sameer shah
Embark on a captivating financial journey with 'Financial Odyssey,' our hackathon project. Delve deep into the past performance of two companies as we employ an array of financial statement analysis techniques. From ratio analysis to trend analysis, uncover insights crucial for informed decision-making in the dynamic world of finance."