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The Romantic Poets
From	
  “Lives	
  and	
  Works	
  of	
  the	
  English	
  Romantic	
  
    Poets”	
  by	
  	
  Professor	
  Willard	
  Spiegelman	
  
   turned	
  into	
  a	
  Power	
  Point	
  Presentation	
  by	
  	
  
                    Kathleen	
  Curran	
  for	
  	
  
          Advanced	
  Placement	
  Literature	
  
Common	
  concerns	
  
    among	
  the	
  Romantics:	
  
                               	
  
•  They	
  wrote	
  about	
  Man's	
  relationship	
  to	
  
   nature,	
  which,	
  with	
  the	
  universe,	
  they	
  
   considered	
  active,	
  dynamic	
  entities.	
  There	
  is,	
  
   though,	
  a	
  counter-­‐desire	
  to	
  escape	
  from	
  
   nature	
  and	
  to	
  deny	
  Man's	
  connection	
  to	
  it.	
  

•  There	
  is	
  a	
  concern	
  with	
  society	
  and	
  politics,	
  
   and	
  an	
  idealistic	
  notion	
  that	
  humanity	
  can	
  
   transcend	
  its	
  enslaving	
  traditions.	
  	
  
The	
  Romantics	
  were	
  
           conscious	
  of	
  
  consciousness	
  itself—of	
  
the	
  power	
  of	
  the	
  mind	
  as	
  a	
  
 force	
  for	
  self-­‐glorification	
  
       and	
  a	
  seed	
  of	
  self-­‐
           destruction.	
  
                     	
  
Lord	
  Byron	
  




http://www.thefamouspeople.com/profiles/images/lord-­‐byron-­‐1.jpg	
  
Lord	
  Byron	
  was	
  a	
  dashing,	
  swashbuckling	
  
figure,	
  "mad,	
  bad,	
  and	
  dangerous	
  to	
  know"	
  
said	
  a	
  woman	
  who	
  did	
  know—and	
  loved—
him.	
  A	
  man	
  of	
  monstrous	
  appetites	
  and	
  
ambitions,	
  his	
  insouciance	
  and	
  supreme	
  self-­‐
confidence	
  are	
  reflected	
  in	
  his	
  agile	
  turns	
  of	
  
phrase	
  and	
  his	
  audacious,	
  almost	
  cheeky	
  
rhymes.	
  
But	
  there	
  are	
  other	
  sides	
  to	
  Byron:	
  the	
  
brooding	
  Byronic	
  hero,	
  morose	
  and	
  
reclusive,	
  and	
  his	
  tender,	
  generous,	
  and	
  
stoic	
  side.	
  Tthis	
  is	
  tther	
  sman	
  who	
  would	
  write	
  
                 But	
   here	
  are	
  ohe	
   ides	
  to	
  Byron:	
  the	
  
                 brooding	
  Byronic	
  hero,	
  morose	
  and	
  reclusive,	
  
to	
  his	
  sister,	
  is	
  tender,	
  gtwilight	
  of	
  shis	
  truncated	
  
                 and	
  h in	
  the	
  enerous,	
  and	
  stoic	
   ide.	
  This	
  
life:	
          is	
  the	
  man	
  who	
  would	
  write	
  to	
  his	
  sister,	
  in	
  
                 the	
  twilight	
  of	
  his	
  truncated	
  life:	
  
Though	
  the	
  day	
  of	
  my	
  destiny's	
  over,	
  	
  
And	
  the	
  star	
  of	
  my	
  fate	
  hath	
  declined,	
  	
  
Thy	
  soft	
  heart	
  refused	
  to	
  discover	
  	
  
The	
  faults	
  that	
  so	
  many	
  could	
  find.	
  
	
  
	
  
From	
  “Stanzas	
  to	
  Augusta”	
  1816	
  
William	
  Blake	
  




   http://www.online-­‐literature.com/authorpics/blake.jpg	
  
William	
  Blake	
  never	
  achieved	
  
even	
  the	
  limited	
  fame	
  of	
  his	
  
Romantic	
  counterparts,	
  but	
  
his	
  radical,	
  idiosyncratically	
  
Christian	
  vision	
  inspired	
  many	
  
in	
  the	
  counter-­‐culture	
  
movements	
  of	
  the	
  1960s.	
  
An	
  advocate	
  of	
  free	
  love	
  who	
  remained	
  
happily	
  married	
  for	
  all	
  of	
  his	
  adult	
  life,	
  
whose	
  poetry	
  was	
  caustic	
  social	
  and	
  
political	
  protest,	
  Blake	
  was	
  an	
  individual	
  
in	
  the	
  extreme.	
  Much	
  of	
  his	
  poetry,	
  
notably	
  the	
  Songs	
  of	
  Innocence	
  and	
  
Experience,	
  seems	
  simple,	
  but	
  it	
  
contains	
  layers	
  of	
  complexity	
  and	
  
theological	
  sophistication.	
  As	
  Dr.	
  
Spiegelman	
  puts	
  it,	
  "difficulty	
  is	
  not	
  the	
  
same	
  thing	
  as	
  depth."	
  
Here	
  Blake	
  ruminates	
  on	
  the	
  nature	
  of	
  
darkness	
  and	
  evil	
  in	
  these	
  lines	
  from	
  
"The	
  Tyger":	
  
When	
  the	
  stars	
  threw	
  down	
  their	
  
spears	
  	
  
And	
  water'd	
  heaven	
  with	
  their	
  tears:	
  	
  
Did	
  he	
  smile	
  his	
  work	
  to	
  see?	
  	
  
Did	
  he	
  who	
  made	
  the	
  Lamb	
  make	
  thee?	
  
William	
  Wordsworth	
  




http://www.poetryfoundation.org/uploads/authors/william-­‐wordsworth/448x/william-­‐wordsworth.jpg	
  
William	
  Wordsworth	
  was	
  a	
  
bundle	
  of	
  contradictions.	
  
Beginning	
  his	
  career,	
  
Wordsworth	
  was	
  involved	
  in	
  
radical	
  political	
  circles;	
  some	
  
speculate	
  that,	
  in	
  Germany,	
  he	
  
was	
  an	
  agent	
  for	
  the	
  British	
  
Foreign	
  Office.	
  
His	
  poetry	
  is	
  marked	
  by	
  guilt,	
  loss,	
  and	
  
inward	
  reflection.	
  Dr.	
  Spiegelman	
  puts	
  it	
  this	
  
way:	
  "Wordsworth	
  has	
  struck	
  many	
  readers	
  
as	
  sane,	
  haughty,	
  and	
  impossible	
  to	
  know.	
  
The	
  man	
  who	
  called	
  the	
  poet	
  'a	
  man	
  
speaking	
  to	
  men'	
  in	
  the	
  preface	
  to	
  Lyrical	
  
Ballads	
  often	
  seems	
  troublingly	
  opaque."	
  
Later	
  in	
  life,	
  though,	
  Wordsworth	
  found	
  
himself	
  comfortably	
  ensconced	
  as	
  a	
  minor	
  
celebrity,	
  an	
  elite	
  country	
  gentleman	
  and	
  
the	
  Poet	
  Laureate,	
  light	
  years	
  removed	
  from	
  
the	
  anxiety	
  of	
  his	
  youth	
  	
  
Samuel	
  Taylor	
  Coleridge	
  




    http://i.telegraph.co.uk/multimedia/archive/01975/SamuelTaylorColeri_1975686c.jpg	
  
Samuel	
  Taylor	
  Coleridge	
  formed	
  
one	
  half	
  of	
  the	
  greatest	
  intellectual	
  
friendship	
  in	
  literary	
  history,	
  but,	
  
for	
  good	
  and	
  for	
  ill,	
  he	
  stood	
  apart	
  
from	
  his	
  protégé	
  Wordsworth.	
  In	
  
several	
  handfuls	
  of	
  poems,	
  15	
  at	
  
most,	
  he	
  transformed	
  English	
  
poetry.	
  
Perhaps	
  no	
  other	
  writer	
  so	
  gifted	
  as	
  
Coleridge	
  was	
  ever	
  plagued	
  by	
  so	
  much	
  
neurosis	
  and	
  self-­‐doubt.	
  Plastic	
  and	
  vast,	
  
his	
  mind	
  contained	
  multitudes,	
  yet,	
  
hobbled	
  by	
  an	
  addiction	
  to	
  laudanum	
  
and	
  paralyzed	
  by	
  the	
  contradictions	
  of	
  
his	
  own	
  self-­‐examining	
  processes	
  of	
  
thought,	
  he	
  constantly	
  berated	
  himself	
  
for	
  laziness.	
  
Coleridge	
  could	
  never	
  be	
  pigeon-­‐
holed,	
  and	
  his	
  output	
  ranged	
  from	
  
the	
  somber	
  tale	
  of	
  crime	
  and	
  
punishment	
  that	
  is	
  "The	
  Rime	
  of	
  the	
  
Ancient	
  Mariner"	
  to	
  his	
  gentle,	
  
expansive	
  conversation	
  poems,	
  such	
  
as	
  "This	
  Lime-­‐Tree	
  Bower	
  My	
  
Prison."	
  
Percy	
  Bysshe	
  Shelley	
  




http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Percy_Bysshe_Shelley_by_Alfred_Clint.jpg/220px-­‐
                                 Percy_Bysshe_Shelley_by_Alfred_Clint.jpg	
  
Percy	
  Bysshe	
  Shelley	
  similarly	
  resists	
  
containment	
  or	
  easy	
  definition,	
  exploding	
  
as	
  he	
  did	
  with	
  talent	
  and	
  creativity.	
  
Possessed	
  of	
  almost	
  unnatural	
  physical	
  
beauty,	
  Shelley	
  wrote	
  poetry	
  that	
  
inclined	
  toward	
  the	
  metaphysical,	
  
occupying	
  the	
  realms	
  of	
  dense,	
  abstract,	
  
philosophical	
  thought.	
  
The	
  same	
  Oxford	
  University	
  .	
  that	
  
expelled	
  him	
  for	
  preaching	
  atheism	
  
later	
  erected	
  a	
  statue	
  of	
  the	
  deceased	
  
poet	
  as	
  a	
  fallen	
  angel.	
  He	
  had	
  a	
  very	
  
interesting	
  life	
  that	
  we	
  will	
  learn	
  more	
  
about.	
  	
  
John	
  Keats	
  




http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/John_Keats_by_William_Hilton.jpg/300px-­‐John_Keats_by_William_Hilton.jpg	
  
John	
  Keats	
  has	
  also	
  been	
  cast	
  as	
  
something	
  of	
  a	
  fragile	
  beauty,	
  too	
  tender	
  
for	
  this	
  world.	
  His	
  life	
  and	
  work	
  contradict	
  
this	
  characterization.	
  These	
  lectures	
  
introduce	
  you	
  to	
  the	
  genial	
  but	
  fierce	
  
young	
  man	
  of	
  flaming	
  ambition	
  and	
  
terrier	
  courage,	
  the	
  man	
  whose	
  
indomitable	
  will	
  kept	
  him	
  going	
  in	
  his	
  final	
  
months,	
  long	
  after	
  the	
  resources	
  of	
  his	
  
body	
  had	
  abandoned	
  him.	
  
This	
  spirit	
  and	
  drive	
  transformed	
  
what	
  was,	
  by	
  all	
  accounts,	
  a	
  
pedestrian	
  poet	
  in	
  1816	
  into	
  a	
  poet	
  
for	
  the	
  ages	
  only	
  four	
  years	
  later.	
  
Keats's	
  poetry	
  was	
  alive	
  to	
  the	
  last,	
  
whether	
  examining	
  intellectual	
  
adventure	
  and	
  wonder	
  in	
  "On	
  First	
  
Looking	
  into	
  Chapman's	
  Homer"	
  or	
  
reflecting	
  on	
  mortality	
  as	
  a	
  form	
  of	
  
"ripeness"	
  in	
  "To	
  Autumn."	
  
Citation	
  Page	
  
1.  Lives	
  and	
  Works	
  of	
  the	
  English	
  Romantic	
  Poets	
  Professor	
  Willard	
  
    Spiegelman	
  
	
  

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The romantic poets

  • 1. The Romantic Poets From  “Lives  and  Works  of  the  English  Romantic   Poets”  by    Professor  Willard  Spiegelman   turned  into  a  Power  Point  Presentation  by     Kathleen  Curran  for     Advanced  Placement  Literature  
  • 2. Common  concerns   among  the  Romantics:     •  They  wrote  about  Man's  relationship  to   nature,  which,  with  the  universe,  they   considered  active,  dynamic  entities.  There  is,   though,  a  counter-­‐desire  to  escape  from   nature  and  to  deny  Man's  connection  to  it.   •  There  is  a  concern  with  society  and  politics,   and  an  idealistic  notion  that  humanity  can   transcend  its  enslaving  traditions.    
  • 3. The  Romantics  were   conscious  of   consciousness  itself—of   the  power  of  the  mind  as  a   force  for  self-­‐glorification   and  a  seed  of  self-­‐ destruction.    
  • 5. Lord  Byron  was  a  dashing,  swashbuckling   figure,  "mad,  bad,  and  dangerous  to  know"   said  a  woman  who  did  know—and  loved— him.  A  man  of  monstrous  appetites  and   ambitions,  his  insouciance  and  supreme  self-­‐ confidence  are  reflected  in  his  agile  turns  of   phrase  and  his  audacious,  almost  cheeky   rhymes.  
  • 6. But  there  are  other  sides  to  Byron:  the   brooding  Byronic  hero,  morose  and   reclusive,  and  his  tender,  generous,  and   stoic  side.  Tthis  is  tther  sman  who  would  write   But   here  are  ohe   ides  to  Byron:  the   brooding  Byronic  hero,  morose  and  reclusive,   to  his  sister,  is  tender,  gtwilight  of  shis  truncated   and  h in  the  enerous,  and  stoic   ide.  This   life:   is  the  man  who  would  write  to  his  sister,  in   the  twilight  of  his  truncated  life:  
  • 7. Though  the  day  of  my  destiny's  over,     And  the  star  of  my  fate  hath  declined,     Thy  soft  heart  refused  to  discover     The  faults  that  so  many  could  find.       From  “Stanzas  to  Augusta”  1816  
  • 8.
  • 9. William  Blake   http://www.online-­‐literature.com/authorpics/blake.jpg  
  • 10. William  Blake  never  achieved   even  the  limited  fame  of  his   Romantic  counterparts,  but   his  radical,  idiosyncratically   Christian  vision  inspired  many   in  the  counter-­‐culture   movements  of  the  1960s.  
  • 11. An  advocate  of  free  love  who  remained   happily  married  for  all  of  his  adult  life,   whose  poetry  was  caustic  social  and   political  protest,  Blake  was  an  individual   in  the  extreme.  Much  of  his  poetry,   notably  the  Songs  of  Innocence  and   Experience,  seems  simple,  but  it   contains  layers  of  complexity  and   theological  sophistication.  As  Dr.   Spiegelman  puts  it,  "difficulty  is  not  the   same  thing  as  depth."  
  • 12. Here  Blake  ruminates  on  the  nature  of   darkness  and  evil  in  these  lines  from   "The  Tyger":   When  the  stars  threw  down  their   spears     And  water'd  heaven  with  their  tears:     Did  he  smile  his  work  to  see?     Did  he  who  made  the  Lamb  make  thee?  
  • 13.
  • 15. William  Wordsworth  was  a   bundle  of  contradictions.   Beginning  his  career,   Wordsworth  was  involved  in   radical  political  circles;  some   speculate  that,  in  Germany,  he   was  an  agent  for  the  British   Foreign  Office.  
  • 16. His  poetry  is  marked  by  guilt,  loss,  and   inward  reflection.  Dr.  Spiegelman  puts  it  this   way:  "Wordsworth  has  struck  many  readers   as  sane,  haughty,  and  impossible  to  know.   The  man  who  called  the  poet  'a  man   speaking  to  men'  in  the  preface  to  Lyrical   Ballads  often  seems  troublingly  opaque."   Later  in  life,  though,  Wordsworth  found   himself  comfortably  ensconced  as  a  minor   celebrity,  an  elite  country  gentleman  and   the  Poet  Laureate,  light  years  removed  from   the  anxiety  of  his  youth    
  • 17.
  • 18. Samuel  Taylor  Coleridge   http://i.telegraph.co.uk/multimedia/archive/01975/SamuelTaylorColeri_1975686c.jpg  
  • 19. Samuel  Taylor  Coleridge  formed   one  half  of  the  greatest  intellectual   friendship  in  literary  history,  but,   for  good  and  for  ill,  he  stood  apart   from  his  protégé  Wordsworth.  In   several  handfuls  of  poems,  15  at   most,  he  transformed  English   poetry.  
  • 20. Perhaps  no  other  writer  so  gifted  as   Coleridge  was  ever  plagued  by  so  much   neurosis  and  self-­‐doubt.  Plastic  and  vast,   his  mind  contained  multitudes,  yet,   hobbled  by  an  addiction  to  laudanum   and  paralyzed  by  the  contradictions  of   his  own  self-­‐examining  processes  of   thought,  he  constantly  berated  himself   for  laziness.  
  • 21.
  • 22. Coleridge  could  never  be  pigeon-­‐ holed,  and  his  output  ranged  from   the  somber  tale  of  crime  and   punishment  that  is  "The  Rime  of  the   Ancient  Mariner"  to  his  gentle,   expansive  conversation  poems,  such   as  "This  Lime-­‐Tree  Bower  My   Prison."  
  • 23. Percy  Bysshe  Shelley   http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Percy_Bysshe_Shelley_by_Alfred_Clint.jpg/220px-­‐ Percy_Bysshe_Shelley_by_Alfred_Clint.jpg  
  • 24. Percy  Bysshe  Shelley  similarly  resists   containment  or  easy  definition,  exploding   as  he  did  with  talent  and  creativity.   Possessed  of  almost  unnatural  physical   beauty,  Shelley  wrote  poetry  that   inclined  toward  the  metaphysical,   occupying  the  realms  of  dense,  abstract,   philosophical  thought.  
  • 25. The  same  Oxford  University  .  that   expelled  him  for  preaching  atheism   later  erected  a  statue  of  the  deceased   poet  as  a  fallen  angel.  He  had  a  very   interesting  life  that  we  will  learn  more   about.    
  • 26.
  • 28. John  Keats  has  also  been  cast  as   something  of  a  fragile  beauty,  too  tender   for  this  world.  His  life  and  work  contradict   this  characterization.  These  lectures   introduce  you  to  the  genial  but  fierce   young  man  of  flaming  ambition  and   terrier  courage,  the  man  whose   indomitable  will  kept  him  going  in  his  final   months,  long  after  the  resources  of  his   body  had  abandoned  him.  
  • 29. This  spirit  and  drive  transformed   what  was,  by  all  accounts,  a   pedestrian  poet  in  1816  into  a  poet   for  the  ages  only  four  years  later.   Keats's  poetry  was  alive  to  the  last,   whether  examining  intellectual   adventure  and  wonder  in  "On  First   Looking  into  Chapman's  Homer"  or   reflecting  on  mortality  as  a  form  of   "ripeness"  in  "To  Autumn."  
  • 30.
  • 31. Citation  Page   1.  Lives  and  Works  of  the  English  Romantic  Poets  Professor  Willard   Spiegelman