Literature

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CHAPTER FROM
BOWRA ON
ROMANTICISM,
KUBLA KAHN
DANICA V. TALABONG
DepEd – Division of Quezon
danica.talabong@deped.gov.ph
UNIVERSITY OF BATANGAS – CALAYAN EDUCATIONAL FOUNDATION INCORPORATED
PhD 705 – PHILOSOPHY OF LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE
MANUEL S. ENVERGA MEMORIAL SCHOOL OF ARTS AND TRADES MAUBAN, QUEZON

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BIBLIOGRAPH
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Samuel Taylor Coleridge
1772-1834

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Born
21 October 1772
Ottery St Mary, Devon, Great Britain
Died
25 July 1834 (aged 61)
Highgate, Middlesex, United Kingdom
Occupation Poet, critic, philosopher
Alma mater Jesus College, Cambridge
Literary movement Romanticism
Notable works
The Rime of the Ancient Mariner, Kubla Khan, Christabel,
Conversation poems, Biographia Literaria
Spouse Sara Fricker
Children
Hartley Coleridge
Berkeley Coleridge
Sara Coleridge
Derwent Coleridge
Signature

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 Samuel Taylor Coleridge (21 October 1772 – 25 July 1834)
was an English poet, literary critic, philosopher and theologian
who, with his friend William Wordsworth, was a founder of the
Romantic Movement in England and a member of the Lake
Poets. He also shared volumes and collaborated with Charles
Lamb, Robert Southey, and Charles Lloyd. He wrote the poems
The Rime of the Ancient Mariner and Kubla Khan, as well as the
major prose work Biographia Literaria. His critical work,
especially on William Shakespeare, was highly influential, and
he helped introduce German idealist philosophy to English-
speaking culture. Coleridge coined many familiar words and
phrases, including suspension of disbelief. He had a major
influence on Ralph Waldo Emerson and on American
transcendentalism.

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Throughout his adult life Coleridge had crippling
bouts of anxiety and depression; it has been
speculated that he had bipolar disorder, which
had not been defined during his lifetime. He was
physically unhealthy, which may have stemmed
from a bout of rheumatic fever and other
childhood illnesses. He was treated for these
conditions with laudanum, which fostered a
lifelong opium addiction.

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 A simple answer to how it is a romantic poem is
to state the poem is written by Samuel Taylor
Coleridge. He, along with William Wordsworth,
is one of the most famous Romantic
authors. He and Wordsworth practically started
the movement. Of course that doesn't mean
everything Coleridge ever wrote is a prime
example of Romantic literature, but "Kubla
Khan" definitely is.

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 One thing to associate with Romanticism is
a focus on nature. And it isn't just a simple
fascination with nature. It's a reverence for
nature. It extends practically to the point
where nature is a mystical being that can
grant clarity to those who are lucky enough
to commune with it/him/her. "Kubla Khan"
features the nature motif throughout the
entire poem.

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 Again, the reader can see how Coleridge is
making nature into almost a physical being. He
has rocks dancing and the river flinging. It's all so
big and amazing to him that it is completely
"measureless." It must be a truly beautiful
place. That reverent focus on nature is why
"Kubla Khan" is a good example of Romantic
poetry.

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DANICA V. TALABONG

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BIBLIOGRAPH
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ALFRED TENNYSON
1809-1892

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Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom
In office
19 November 1850 – 6 October 1892
Monarch Victoria
Preceded by William Wordsworth
Succeeded by Alfred Austin
Personal details
Born
6 August 1809
Somersby, Lincolnshire, England
Died
6 October 1892 (aged 83)
Lurgashall, Sussex, England[1]
Resting place Westminster Abbey
Spouse(s) Emily Sellwood (m. 1850)
Children
 Hallam Tennyson, 2nd Baron Tennyson
 Hon. Lionel Tennyson
Alma mater Trinity College, Cambridge (no degree)
Occupation Poet Laureate (1850–1892)

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 Alfred Tennyson, 1st Baron Tennyson FRS (6 August 1809 –
6 October 1892) was a British poet. He was the Poet Laureate of
Great Britain and Ireland during much of Queen Victoria's reign
and remains one of the most popular British poets. In 1829,
Tennyson was awarded the Chancellor's Gold Medal at
Cambridge for one of his first pieces, "Timbuktu." He published
his first solo collection of poems, Poems Chiefly Lyrical in 1830.
"Claribel" and "Mariana", which remain some of Tennyson's most
celebrated poems, were included in this volume. Although
decried by some critics as overly sentimental, his verse soon
proved popular and brought Tennyson to the attention of well-
known writers of the day, including Samuel Taylor Coleridge.
Tennyson's early poetry, with its medievalism and powerful visual
imagery, was a major influence on the Pre-Raphaelite
Brotherhood.

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 Tennyson also excelled at penning short lyrics, such as
"Break, Break, Break", "The Charge of the Light Brigade",
"Tears, Idle Tears", and "Crossing the Bar". Much of his
verse was based on classical mythological themes, such as
"Ulysses", although "In Memoriam A.H.H." was written to
commemorate his friend Arthur Hallam, a fellow poet and
student at Trinity College, Cambridge, after he died of a
stroke at the age of 22.Tennyson also wrote some notable
blank verse including Idylls of the King, "Ulysses", and
"Tithonus". During his career, Tennyson attempted drama,
but his plays enjoyed little success.

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 A number of phrases from Tennyson's work have become
commonplaces of the English language, including "Nature,
red in tooth and claw" (In Memoriam A.H.H.), "'Tis better to
have loved and lost / Than never to have loved at all",
"Theirs not to reason why, / Theirs but to do and die", "My
strength is as the strength of ten, / Because my heart is
pure", "To strive, to seek, to find, and not to yield",
"Knowledge comes, but Wisdom lingers", and "The old order
changeth, yielding place to new". He is the ninth most
frequently quoted writer in The Oxford Dictionary of
Quotations.

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 The Lady of Shalott by John William Waterhouse in 1888 is an
example of a work in Romanticism. It’s a pictorial interpretation
of Alfred Lord Tennyson’s poem, The Lady of Shalott. The
poem’s about the mysterious lady of Shalott who has been
cursed in a castle, forbidden to look outside. So instead, she
watches the world go by in a magic mirror and spends her days
weaving a magic web. One day, she saw Sir Lancelot through
the magic mirror and was completely captivated that she broke
the rule and looked outside. After she caught a glimpse on Sir
Lancelot and Camelot, the magic mirror cracked. Knowing that
the curse has come upon her, she set out for Camelot in a boat
where she wrote her name. This was the part that Waterhouse
painted.

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 In the painting, there’s a crucifix and three candles in the
prow of the boat, which reinforces the funeral tone of her
embarkation. Two candles were out which symbolize that
the end of her life is near. The tapestry the lady wove in her
tower hangs from the side of the boat representing her
prior life, which she has surrendered for love, and
decorated with scenes of the colorful world that she has
determined to join. The Lady is about to let go of the chain
which moors the boat, symbolic of her release from the
tower, her freedom from imprisonment. The dark forest
background provides sadness for her oncoming funeral. I
can see in her face the sorrow and defeat and that she
already accepted her inevitable death.

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 This painting is about a woman escaping, though
with the expense of her life, to see the world and
follow her heart. Some people said that the fallen
leaf on her lap tells her story, that she’s the “fallen
leaf”, fallen and dying. She’s a fallen woman. But I
beg to contradict. Dying doesn’t always mean falling.
Sometimes, it’s freedom. She’s finally free from the
prison where she had been living in her life. She
finally broke free from the curse that had hunted her
in her lifetime.

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 She drifted through the river, chanted her
deathsong, and died. People from Camelot found
her as a pale, deadcold corpse. They also found a
parchment on her breast that said,”The web was
woven curiously, the charm is broken utterly, draw
near and fear not—this is I, The Lady of Shalott.”

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 As I looked at this painting, I don’t know why but I
felt a strong emotion. It’s as if I felt the conveyed
melancholy of this work of art. And you can imagine
how sad I became the moment I read about the
poignant story behind the painting. I was moved,
which means the painting is good because that’s
what art should be, to touch where the hands can’t. I
felt that thing they call as “duende”.

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MARAMING SALAMAT
SA INYONG PAKIKINIG!
PhDF 705 – PHILOSOPHY OF LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE
DANICA V. TALABONG
JHS TEACHER III

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