The paper Proposed a tracking and traceability system for vegetable quality assessment and assurance. The system used coding technology to realize the total quality management and "from farm to table" tracking and tracing. Besides, the system provided automatic assessment of the quality of vegetables and intelligent guidance of planting vegetables. The paper firstly Studied the principle and model of the system, and then described the design and implementation of the system. Finally, some key issues of the system are discussed in detail.
We live in a fast-moving, money-driven age and as various industries experience boom like never before, operations and supply chain networks become increasingly intricate. Such situation is bound to witness a proliferation of fraud (and fraudsters). The food industry is no exception. Complex supply chain network, lax regulation and inaccessibility of information to consumer, among other factors, have all but put food fraud on the rise. Hence, this presentation focuses on the totality of food fraud, including: its definition, a few cases, current efforts at preventing it, and what can still be done to remedy this menace.
Institutional and Governance Innovation in Thailand’s Food System: The Role of the Private Sector in Food Safety by Kamphol Pantakua and Natthida Wiwatwicha, TDRI. Presented at the ReSAKSS-Asia - MIID conference "Evolving Agrifood Systems in Asia: Achieving food and nutrition security by 2030" on Oct 30-31, 2019 in Yangon, Myanmar.
Current Status of Agricultural Biotechnology in Thailand by Orachos Napasintuwong, Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Kasetsart University. Presented at the ReSAKSS-Asia - MIID conference "Evolving Agrifood Systems in Asia: Achieving food and nutrition security by 2030" on Oct 30-31, 2019 in Yangon, Myanmar.
We live in a fast-moving, money-driven age and as various industries experience boom like never before, operations and supply chain networks become increasingly intricate. Such situation is bound to witness a proliferation of fraud (and fraudsters). The food industry is no exception. Complex supply chain network, lax regulation and inaccessibility of information to consumer, among other factors, have all but put food fraud on the rise. Hence, this presentation focuses on the totality of food fraud, including: its definition, a few cases, current efforts at preventing it, and what can still be done to remedy this menace.
Institutional and Governance Innovation in Thailand’s Food System: The Role of the Private Sector in Food Safety by Kamphol Pantakua and Natthida Wiwatwicha, TDRI. Presented at the ReSAKSS-Asia - MIID conference "Evolving Agrifood Systems in Asia: Achieving food and nutrition security by 2030" on Oct 30-31, 2019 in Yangon, Myanmar.
Current Status of Agricultural Biotechnology in Thailand by Orachos Napasintuwong, Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, Kasetsart University. Presented at the ReSAKSS-Asia - MIID conference "Evolving Agrifood Systems in Asia: Achieving food and nutrition security by 2030" on Oct 30-31, 2019 in Yangon, Myanmar.
Economic evaluation of improved grain storage technology in Tanzaniaafrica-rising
Poster prepared by Hanney Mbwambo, Bekele Kotu, IITA, and Zena Mpenda, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Tanzania, for the Africa RISING Humidtropics Systems Research Marketplace, Ibadan, Nigeria, 15-17 November 2016
International Conference on Infrastructure Needs For a Food Control System: Roadmap For Regional Harmonization” - organised by International Life Sciences Institute - India Chapter, 9 & 10 December, 2014 in Hotel Royal Plaza, New Delhi.
Animal health and food safety in smallholder pig value chains in VietnamILRI
Presented by Fred Unger, Lucy Lapar, Pham Van Hung, Sinh Dang-Xuan, Pham Hong Ngan, Duong Van Nhiem, Hung Nguyen-Viet and Deliaa Grace at the 4th Food Safety and Zoonoses Symposium for Asia Pacific and 2nd Regional EcoHealth Symposium, Chiang Mai, Thailand, 3-5 August 2015.
Assessment of hygienic practices among pig slaughterhouses and markets in Chi...ILRI
Presented by Chayanee Jenpanich, Fred Unger, Thomas Alter and Warangkhana Chaisowwong presented at the 4th Food Safety and Zoonoses Symposium for Asia Pacific and 2nd Regional EcoHealth Symposium, Chiang Mai, Thailand, 3-5 August 2015.
FRAUD IN SUPPLY CHAINS: THE RISKS, THE SOLUTIONS AND THE OPPORTUNITIESCameron Scadding
Food fraud represents a significant risk to brands and stakeholders of the food supply chain and threatens consumer confidence and in turn trust.
This presentations focuses on the Australian agri-food export opportunity in china and looks closely at some of the risks for brands in that market. The presentation also showcases some of the #SourceCertain solutions. The explosion of the daigous phenomenon demonstrates that Chinese consumers do not TRUST the supply chain - there is great opportunity for innovative exporters that look to connect securely with their prospective Chinese consumers.
This presentation was delivered in part to the ASA 100 forum in 2016 by Source Certain Chairman Cameron Scadding
Cost-benefit-analysis of Africa RISING technologies in Tanzania africa-rising
Poster prepared by Bekele Hundie, A. Kimaro, M. Swamila, S. Lyimo, Yangole, P. Lukuman, V. Afari-Sefa, F. Ngulu, J. Kihara, A. Abass, B. Bachwenkizi, M. Bekunda, I. Hoeschle-Zeledon for the Tropentag 2015 Conference on Management of land use systems for enhanced food security—Conflicts, controversies and resolutions, Berlin, 16-18 September 2015
Indicative results from cost-benefit-analysis of Africa RISING technologies in Tanzania show that almost all of the technologies being tested by the project are better than the base technologies (farmers’ traditional practices).
The analysis was done by looking at three economic indicators; the gross margin (Tanzania Shillings/ha) (GM), benefit-cost–ratio (BCR) and returns to labor (TZS/person day) (RL).
Presentation by Abel Atukwase, Lecturer, Makerere University & John Ereng, VECO East Africa
Session: “Peer Assist” Sessions
on 7 Nov 2013
ICT4Ag, Kigali, Rwanda
An integrated approach to assessing and improving milk safety and nutrition i...ILRI
Presentation by G. Msalya, E. Joseph, F. Shija, L.R. Kurwijila, D. Grace, K Roesel, B Haesler, F Ogutu, A Fetsch, G Misinzo and H Nonga at the First African Regional Conference of the International Association on Ecology and Health (Africa 2013 Ecohealth), Grand-Bassam, Côte d'Ivoire, 1-5 October 2013.
Experiences about aflatoxins in Serbia: what could be relevant for Africa?Francois Stepman
Experiences about aflatoxins in Serbia: what could be relevant for Africa?
Ferenc Bagi, University of Novi Sad, Serbia (member of the MyToolBox project under H2020- SFS-13-2015 call as well).
Roundtable of aflatoxin experts on
“Building a multi-stakeholder approach to mitigate aflatoxin contamination of food and feed”
Brussels, Monday 25th January 2016
Albert Borschette Conference Center, 36 rue Froissart
Twenty years research on aflatoxin in Europe: what benefits for Africa? Francois Stepman
Twenty years research on aflatoxin in Europe: what benefits for Africa?
Antonio Logrieco, Istituto Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari (ISPA), Bari, Italy (coordinator of the Mycokey project under H2020- SFS-13-2015 call on Biological contamination of crops and the food chain: A contribution to a long-term collaboration with China on food safety).
Livestock and Fish Vietnam smallholder pigs value chain: What has been achievedILRI
Presented by Lucy Lapar at the Smallholder Pigs Value Chain Strategy and Implementation Planning Meeting, Buon Ma Thuot, Dak Lak, Vietnam, 25-26 September 2014
ENHANCING THE MONITORING SYSTEM OF SFDA IN SAUDI MARKETSijseajournal
In the present market, most of the public and private sector entities are using various mobile applications
for communication with their customers. Whether it is a notification, information or an alert, the means of
communication using mobile applications made life easy so as to reduce the relevant risks. Recently the
health related issues due to imported food in Saudi Arabia (SA) raised many concerns to consider serious
reforms. The Saudi Food and Drugs Authority (SFDA) is responsible to control, examine and save the
citizens of SA from any kind of serious health related issues or deaths. The present research aims to
facilitate a runtime monitoring system to check the quality of food imported from various countries and to
assure the safety of citizens. This runtime monitoring system is based on the proposed integration model of
SFDA policy to attain both safety and quality property with respect to manageability property. Such
practice will surely help the consumers, suppliers and authorities to ensure a quality health of citizens in
SA. Above and all the SFDA policy during runtime can control the flow of imported food supplies, validate
the food products and can establish a fair communication between consumers and suppliers.
Economic evaluation of improved grain storage technology in Tanzaniaafrica-rising
Poster prepared by Hanney Mbwambo, Bekele Kotu, IITA, and Zena Mpenda, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Tanzania, for the Africa RISING Humidtropics Systems Research Marketplace, Ibadan, Nigeria, 15-17 November 2016
International Conference on Infrastructure Needs For a Food Control System: Roadmap For Regional Harmonization” - organised by International Life Sciences Institute - India Chapter, 9 & 10 December, 2014 in Hotel Royal Plaza, New Delhi.
Animal health and food safety in smallholder pig value chains in VietnamILRI
Presented by Fred Unger, Lucy Lapar, Pham Van Hung, Sinh Dang-Xuan, Pham Hong Ngan, Duong Van Nhiem, Hung Nguyen-Viet and Deliaa Grace at the 4th Food Safety and Zoonoses Symposium for Asia Pacific and 2nd Regional EcoHealth Symposium, Chiang Mai, Thailand, 3-5 August 2015.
Assessment of hygienic practices among pig slaughterhouses and markets in Chi...ILRI
Presented by Chayanee Jenpanich, Fred Unger, Thomas Alter and Warangkhana Chaisowwong presented at the 4th Food Safety and Zoonoses Symposium for Asia Pacific and 2nd Regional EcoHealth Symposium, Chiang Mai, Thailand, 3-5 August 2015.
FRAUD IN SUPPLY CHAINS: THE RISKS, THE SOLUTIONS AND THE OPPORTUNITIESCameron Scadding
Food fraud represents a significant risk to brands and stakeholders of the food supply chain and threatens consumer confidence and in turn trust.
This presentations focuses on the Australian agri-food export opportunity in china and looks closely at some of the risks for brands in that market. The presentation also showcases some of the #SourceCertain solutions. The explosion of the daigous phenomenon demonstrates that Chinese consumers do not TRUST the supply chain - there is great opportunity for innovative exporters that look to connect securely with their prospective Chinese consumers.
This presentation was delivered in part to the ASA 100 forum in 2016 by Source Certain Chairman Cameron Scadding
Cost-benefit-analysis of Africa RISING technologies in Tanzania africa-rising
Poster prepared by Bekele Hundie, A. Kimaro, M. Swamila, S. Lyimo, Yangole, P. Lukuman, V. Afari-Sefa, F. Ngulu, J. Kihara, A. Abass, B. Bachwenkizi, M. Bekunda, I. Hoeschle-Zeledon for the Tropentag 2015 Conference on Management of land use systems for enhanced food security—Conflicts, controversies and resolutions, Berlin, 16-18 September 2015
Indicative results from cost-benefit-analysis of Africa RISING technologies in Tanzania show that almost all of the technologies being tested by the project are better than the base technologies (farmers’ traditional practices).
The analysis was done by looking at three economic indicators; the gross margin (Tanzania Shillings/ha) (GM), benefit-cost–ratio (BCR) and returns to labor (TZS/person day) (RL).
Presentation by Abel Atukwase, Lecturer, Makerere University & John Ereng, VECO East Africa
Session: “Peer Assist” Sessions
on 7 Nov 2013
ICT4Ag, Kigali, Rwanda
An integrated approach to assessing and improving milk safety and nutrition i...ILRI
Presentation by G. Msalya, E. Joseph, F. Shija, L.R. Kurwijila, D. Grace, K Roesel, B Haesler, F Ogutu, A Fetsch, G Misinzo and H Nonga at the First African Regional Conference of the International Association on Ecology and Health (Africa 2013 Ecohealth), Grand-Bassam, Côte d'Ivoire, 1-5 October 2013.
Experiences about aflatoxins in Serbia: what could be relevant for Africa?Francois Stepman
Experiences about aflatoxins in Serbia: what could be relevant for Africa?
Ferenc Bagi, University of Novi Sad, Serbia (member of the MyToolBox project under H2020- SFS-13-2015 call as well).
Roundtable of aflatoxin experts on
“Building a multi-stakeholder approach to mitigate aflatoxin contamination of food and feed”
Brussels, Monday 25th January 2016
Albert Borschette Conference Center, 36 rue Froissart
Twenty years research on aflatoxin in Europe: what benefits for Africa? Francois Stepman
Twenty years research on aflatoxin in Europe: what benefits for Africa?
Antonio Logrieco, Istituto Scienze delle Produzioni Alimentari (ISPA), Bari, Italy (coordinator of the Mycokey project under H2020- SFS-13-2015 call on Biological contamination of crops and the food chain: A contribution to a long-term collaboration with China on food safety).
Livestock and Fish Vietnam smallholder pigs value chain: What has been achievedILRI
Presented by Lucy Lapar at the Smallholder Pigs Value Chain Strategy and Implementation Planning Meeting, Buon Ma Thuot, Dak Lak, Vietnam, 25-26 September 2014
ENHANCING THE MONITORING SYSTEM OF SFDA IN SAUDI MARKETSijseajournal
In the present market, most of the public and private sector entities are using various mobile applications
for communication with their customers. Whether it is a notification, information or an alert, the means of
communication using mobile applications made life easy so as to reduce the relevant risks. Recently the
health related issues due to imported food in Saudi Arabia (SA) raised many concerns to consider serious
reforms. The Saudi Food and Drugs Authority (SFDA) is responsible to control, examine and save the
citizens of SA from any kind of serious health related issues or deaths. The present research aims to
facilitate a runtime monitoring system to check the quality of food imported from various countries and to
assure the safety of citizens. This runtime monitoring system is based on the proposed integration model of
SFDA policy to attain both safety and quality property with respect to manageability property. Such
practice will surely help the consumers, suppliers and authorities to ensure a quality health of citizens in
SA. Above and all the SFDA policy during runtime can control the flow of imported food supplies, validate
the food products and can establish a fair communication between consumers and suppliers.
In an era where consumers demand transparency and accountability in the food supply chain, the implementation of robust traceability systems has become a cornerstone for food manufacturers. This comprehensive guide explores the intricacies of traceability systems in food manufacturing, highlighting their significance, benefits, and the transformative impact they have on the entire journey of food products from production to consumption.
Global food traceability market (tracking technologies) to reach $14.1 billio...Lita Person
The Food traceability (tracking technologies) market is growing at a healthy rate with increasing awareness about food safety among governments and consumers. Governments across the globe are making regulations to track food as it is directly concerned with consumer health.
Traceability is not only newsworthy, but investment worthy. Food producers have purchased and installed traceability systems to track the grain in a cereal box to the farm and the apples in vat of apple juice to the orchard.
Presentation by Kebede Amenu, Coen van Wagenberg, Claudia Ganser, James Noah Ssemanda, Arie Havelaar, Kristine Roesel, Biruk Alemu Gemeda, Lina Mego, Donya Madjdian, Theo Knight-Jones at a stakeholder update workshop on Ethiopia food safety research projects, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 20 May 2021.
A RFID web-based infotracing system for the artisanal Italian cheese quality ...Marco Garoffolo
The aim of this study is the integration of an electronic tracing system with a non-destructive quality analysis system for single product of a typical Italian cheese, prepared with buffalo milk and called “Caciottina massaggiata di Amaseno”, a typical diary product of Lazio Region. The tracing and quality information are combined on a web platform to obtain a complete procedure to develop what we define as an “infotracing system”. Quality analyses (chemical, sensorial and spectrophotometric) were carried out on a total of 23 cheese wheels (8 with TAGs) and for three cheese maturation classes (3, 6 or 9 months after production). Two typologies of RFID tags were tested. Results were screened by Partial Least Squares regressions (PLS) on reflectance values for the prediction of chemical content, while classifica- tion of cheese maturation classes (3, 6 or 9 months) was carried out by Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLSDA) on reflectance values. The RFID system turned out as effective, reliable and compatible with the production process tool. A good estimation of maturation degree by spectral and chemical analysis was obtained. Moreover an infotracing web-based system was designed to acquire and link basic information that can be made available to the final consumer or to different food chain actors before or after purchasing, using the RFID code to identify the single and specific cheese product. The projected web-based tracing system could improve the products commerce by increasing the information trans- parency for the consumer.
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The political environment for international agribusiness can be complex and dynamic. It encompasses a range of factors including government policies, regulations, trade agreements, geopolitical tensions, and local political stability.
For example, policies related to agricultural subsidies, tariffs, and trade barriers can significantly impact the international agribusiness sector. Additionally, geopolitical tensions or conflicts in certain regions can disrupt supply chains and market access.
It's crucial for international agribusinesses to closely monitor political developments, engage in advocacy efforts, and adapt strategies to navigate this environment effectively. Establishing strong relationships with government agencies, industry associations, and stakeholders can also be beneficial in addressing political challenges.
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The political environment presents several potential risks for businesses, including:
Policy Changes: Shifts in government policies and regulations can directly impact businesses. This could involve changes in taxation, trade tariffs, environmental regulations, or labor laws.
Political Instability: Countries experiencing political instability, such as protests, civil unrest, or changes in government, can disrupt operations and pose risks to personnel safety.
Legal and Regulatory Risks: Changes in legislation or regulations can affect how businesses operate. This might include new compliance requirements, licensing restrictions, or changes in intellectual property laws.
Trade Disputes and Tariffs: Trade tensions between countries can lead to the imposition of tariffs or trade barriers, affecting international business operations and profitability.
Corruption and Bribery: Operating in regions with high levels of corruption increases the risk of encountering unethical business practices, which can lead to legal repercussions and reputational damage.
Economic Policy Changes: Shifts in economic policies, such as changes in interest rates or inflation rates, can impact business costs, financing, and profitability.
Geopolitical Tensions: Conflicts or tensions between countries or regions can disrupt supply chains, impact market access, and increase operational risks.
Cybersecurity Threats: Government-sponsored cyberattacks or changes in cybersecurity regulations can pose significant risks to business operations and data security.
Environmental Regulations: Changes in environmental policies can affect businesses, especially those in industries like energy, manufacturing, and agriculture.
Human Rights Concerns: Businesses operating in regions with poor human rights records or issues may face reputational risks and ethical dilemmas.
It's crucial for businesses to conduct thorough political risk assessments, stay informed about global and lo
3s-FSPT: A new tool for rapid assessment of food safety performance and ident...ILRI
Poster by Delia Grace, Sinh Dang-Xuan, Hung Nguyen-Viet, Florence Mutua and Fred Unger presented at the SafePork Conference, New Orleans, Louisiana, 15-17 May 2023.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
#vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore#blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #blackmagicforlove #blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #Amilbabainuk #amilbabainspain #amilbabaindubai #Amilbabainnorway #amilbabainkrachi #amilbabainlahore #amilbabaingujranwalan #amilbabainislamabad
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Design and Analysis of Algorithms-DP,Backtracking,Graphs,B&B
The Research of the Tracking and Traceability System for Vegetable Quality Assessment and Assurance
1. ISSN (e): 2250 – 3005 || Volume, 06 || Issue, 07|| July – 2016 ||
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research (IJCER)
www.ijceronline.com Open Access Journal Page 21
The Research of the Tracking and Traceability System for
Vegetable Quality Assessment and Assurance
Hao Zhang1
, Xianghua Liu1
,Shihua Liu1*
1
Department of Information Technology,Wenzhou Vocational & Technical College, Wenzhou China
I. INTRODUCTION
There is a saying in China: Bread is the staff of life. Food security is closely related with the lives of the people,
it has become a major global issue.
In recent years, food safety incidents were frequently reported, such as "red-yolk duck egg", "tonyred",
"Melamine milk" and so on, these incidents focus more and more people's attention. In December 2010, the
Research Center of China's full Well-off and Tsinghua University Media Research Laboratory carried out
"Chinese consumer confidence in food safety," Survey across the country, and published "the report of
consumer confidence in food safety in 2010-2011" in "Insight China", the report said that a nearly seventy
percent (67.9%) respondents to China's food security situation was "insecure." Of which more than half (52.3%)
of respondents state of mind is "more disturbing", while 15.6% of people said "Particularly insecure".
To enhance the food safety, the government has issued a series of laws, regulations and standards to enhance
food safety. For example, on December 31, 2005, General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection
and Quarantine of the People's Republic of China (AQSIQ) and Standardization Administration of the People's
Republic of China(SAC) jointly issued the national standards GB/T 20014.1-2005 "Good Agricultural
Practice"(GAP) . The food industry has also taken a number of technical measures to enhance food safety. The
Total Quality Management (TQM) and Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) program has
developed early in last century [1]. Various of new Information Technology such as Wireless Sensor
Network(WSN) [2], RFID [3][4], Petri Net [5] has been used and all kinds of information systems were
developed over the last decade.
The food supply chain management especially the vegetable supply chain was another focus issue in food safety
management [3][6]. The tracking and traceability system was a useful and efficient example. Traceability
system for safe agriculture product realizes whole process tracking of vegetable products from production base
stations, processing and packaging, storage and transportation, to wholesale markets as well as retail markets. It
help consumers to obtain more reliable quality information.
The tracking and traceability system has become an essential method for food quality assurance, but as you
know, there were difficulties and barriers. They were discussed in detail in the following sections.
The paper proposed a tracking and traceability system for vegetable quality assessment and assurance. The
system followed the HACCP program, developed a software to implement the GAP management specification,
used ANCC(Article Numbering Center of China) coding technology to realize the total quality management and
"from farm to table" tracking and tracing. Besides, the system provided automatic assessment of the quality of
vegetables and intelligent guidance of planting vegetables. [7]
The paper described the principle and design of the system. In Section II, the model and procedure of the supply
chain has been presented. Design and implementation of the system has been detailed described in section III.
Some key issues of the system were discussed in section IV. the trend and future development of the system
were proposed in the last section.
ABSTRACT
The paper Proposed a tracking and traceability system for vegetable quality assessment and
assurance. The system used coding technology to realize the total quality management and "from farm
to table" tracking and tracing. Besides, the system provided automatic assessment of the quality of
vegetables and intelligent guidance of planting vegetables. The paper firstly Studied the principle and
model of the system, and then described the design and implementation of the system. Finally, some key
issues of the system are discussed in detail.
Keywords: HACCP; Quality Assessment; Tracking and Traceability System; Supply Chain
2. The Research Of The Tracking And Traceability System For Vegetable Quality Assessment…
www.ijceronline.com Open Access Journal Page 22
II. MODEL AND PROCEDURE
A. Model of the Supply Chain
As shown in figure 1, the vegetable supply chain has five main components (contained some partners) and data
flows. It used an information platform and database system to record the information about vegetable's
producing and marketing procedure as planting, processing and packaging, storage and transporting, marketing.
After the consumers bought, they could retrieve the information to perform tracking and tracing.
Figure 1 Model of the Supply Chain
B. Roles and Components
There were several roles in the whole system, they were Farmers, College-Graduate "Village Officials"(CVO),
Vegetable Production Base Stations (VBS), Distributors, Transporters, Markets and Sellers, Agricultural
Materials Company, Agricultural Experts and Government Supervisors.
Except the consumer, there were four components in the system, as shown in figure 1, each rectangle represents
a component. They were also four work procedures or areas.
Farmers perform the planting operations such as seeding, applying fertilizer and pesticides, weeding and
gaining. As most of farmers couldn't operate computer, CVO acted as an special role to help them. One CVO
would help a group of farmers. CVOs and farmers would work in planting area; A VBS managed a group of
CVOs and farmers, the station were responsible for the vegetable processing and packaging; the Distributors
and Transporters in charge of the storage and transportation.
As the characteristics and innovations of this system, the system introduced several special role, they were
CVO, Agricultural Materials Company, Agricultural Experts and Government Supervisors.
The Agricultural Materials Company will provide the safe and certificated seeds, fertilizers and pesticides
etc. The safe and certificated agricultural material was a critical control points (CCP) for the vegetable's
quality assurance.
The Agricultural Experts provided the technical support through this platform and the knowledge and
information would bring the intelligent guidance of planting vegetables.
The Government Supervisors would supervised the whole procedures from original to consumer and
enhance the quality safety of vegetables.
C. Data Flow
Information communion is crucial to collaboration between supply chain partners. Information exchanges were
shown in figure 1, the short curved arrow represented the vegetable's flow and the five numbered long curved
arrow represented the data flow. The five data flows were explained in detail below:
Data Flow 1: The CVOs helped the farmers to record the planting operation information, the seeds,
fertilizers, pesticides and the operating time would all be recorded.
Data Flow 2: the VBS recorded the processing operation information such as processing condition like
temperature, water quality, process time and packaging material, etc.
Data Flow 3: the Distributors and Transporters would input the information like storage conditions and
transportation times into the database.
Data Flow 4: the Markets and Sellers would record the time of receiving the vegetable and the time of sales.
Data Flow 5: the Consumers would get a trace code when they.bought the vegetable, they could tracking
the whole life-cycle information about the vegetable through the trace code and the platform.
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D. Collaborative Workflow
The design of the collaborative workflow is the key to system success. [6] The material flow, the data flow and
the cash flow should be considered carefully.
The figure 2 illustrated the collaborative workflow of our system, the thick arrow represented the material flow
(vegetable flow) and the thin one represented the data flow(information flow).
When the farmer gained the vegetables, he will package them by himself or transport them to CVO or VBS
directly. The markets or sellers will order or purchase them through the information system, when purchased,
the vegetables will be transported to the target and the consumer will buy them.
In the Data flow, the Farmers will report their planting operations to CVO; the CVO may input the CCP
information into the tracking information system. The Farmer or CVO or VBS will published the vegetable
supply information through the information system. The markets or sellers will explore information and order
the vegetables they want. As VBS received the order, they will send the transportation demand to the
transporter. The transporter will input the logistics information to the system. The market or sellers will confirm
the order when they received the vegetables. Besides, the Agriculture Materials Company will publish the
materials information and the Agriculture Experts will publish the planting technical information.
The Government Supervisors will take a quality sampling from VBS or markets randomly and casually, and
publish the quality reports in the system.
Finally, the consumer can use the vegetables’ trace code to tracking the whole lifecycle information of the
vegetables.
As a business secret, the cash flow are not presented in the paper.
Farmers
CVO
Planting operation report
Tracking Information System
Planting CCP Information
VBS Worker/Farmer/CVO
Gain
Vegetable Supply Information
Government Supervisor
Transporters
Warehousing
Quality Report
Transportation Information
Markets and Sellers
Order and Confirmation
$
$
$
Agriculture Experts
Technical Information
Consumers
Transportation
buy
Quality Sampling
Quality Sampling
$
$
$
Agriculture Materials Company
Materials Information
Tracking and Tracing
Figure 2 the Collaborative Workflow of the System
III. DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SYSTEM
This section will show you the architecture and modules of the tracking and traceability system.
A. Modules of the System
The Information System
The
Base
Module
The
Farming
Module
The
Process
Module
The
Expert
Module
The
Transport
Module
The
Business
Module
The
Supervise
Module
The Tracking and traceability module
Figure 3 The Collaborative Workflow of the System
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There were eight modules in the system; they are shown in figure 3. According to the user’s requirement, most
of the modules are developed and deployed in C/S model. The Tracking module is in B/S model, some of them
are both in C/S and B/S model.
The function of Base Module include: system administration, user and privilege Management, agriculture
materials management, the land information management, information review management, etc.
The Farming Module was used to record the farmer’s operation, such as seeding, apply fertilizer and
pesticides, gaining and so on.
The Process Module was used to record the critical information about process and packaging.
The Business Module was used to publish, manage and confirm the vegetable orders.
The Transport Module was used to publish, manage and retrieve the logistics information.
The Expert Module was used to publish the planting technical information and to provide the online
technical support for farmers.
The Supervise Module provided an interface for Government Supervisors to review and inspect the whole
system and to publish the quality report.
The Tracking and Traceability Module performed as a Web page, the consumers can explore the page and
input the trace code of the vegetable they bought, and then they will acquired all information about the
vegetable.
There are some features and innovations in the system, as described above, the system realized the total quality
management and "from farm to table" tracking and tracing function, the system provided automatic assessment
of the quality of vegetables and intelligent guidance of planting vegetables.
B. Deployment of the system
The information system is a distributed system, it developed in C/S and B/S model. The C/S model is safer
while the B/S model is easy to access. The architecture of the system is shown as following figure 4.
The system development uses multi-layer structure, the database server is the bottom layer and all clients are the
top layer. The Clients and servers are connected to the internet, so the system can be used anywhere. The client
can access the Application Server or Web Server only, as the encryption of the Application Server or Web
Server, the client cannot view the database inner structure. The Application Server and Web Server do not
connect to the Database Server directly, it’s must use the service of the Access Server.
The multi-layer structure allows the all components of the system be deployed separately, it’s safer and
efficient. From a developer’s view, the multi-layer structure allows the components of the system are changed
and updated separately, it’s easier.
Internet
Database Server
Access Server
Application Server Web Server
Supervise Module
(Government Supervisor)
Tracking Module
(Consumer)
Expert Module
(Agriculture Expert)
Process Module
(CVO/VBS Worker)Transport Module
(Transporter)
Business Module
(Market or Sellers)
Base Module
(System Administrator)
Access
access
access
Connect
Connect
Farming Module
(CVO/Farmer)
Servers
Figure 4.The Deployment of the System
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IV. DISCUSSION OF SOME KEY ISSUES
There are some key issues or difficulties in implementing the system. We’ll discuss them in detail as follow.
A. Information Acquisition
Information acquisition is the basis of the tracking and traceability system, RFID is the most popular technology
for information acquisition. In recent years, RFID technology has been adopted by some agricultural enterprises
and retailers all over the world. There are some cases of RFID adoption in vegetable supply chain in China. For
example, In order to guarantee the food safety for the 2008 Olympic Games, Beijing has formally begun on
constructing a food safety tracking system using RFID technology. Despite the promising applications of RFID
in vegetable supply chain, a number of challenges have hampered the adoption of RFID. The major issues can
be broken down into standard challenges, cost challenges, return on investment (ROI) challenges and etc.[3]. So
the information of our system will be inputed manually by the workers or operators in each module.
The information system contained not only the information in traditional supply chains but also the planting
operation information for HACCP control. But the farmers have no basic knowledge to operate the system, so
the CVO (College-Graduate "Village Officials") is critical to the system success. Fortunately, the Chinese
government vigorously promotes the "Village Officials" project. The application of the tracking system resolves
the problem that the CVO has no practical jobs to do. The CVO will be involved in the system, and they can
help farmers to operate the information system. The system also can help the CVO’s own business.
B. Quality Assessment
There are four levels of vegetable quality in china. They are organic vegetables, A grade green vegetables, AA
grade green vegetables and “green” vegetables. The Origin of the environment, production processes and
product quality of each level vegetable must meet the requirements of relevant national standards and norms.
One of the most important features of this system is the ability to automatically assess the level of vegetable. It’s
very difficult to implement the function; they must follow a series of operation rules and specifications. We
have design a complex algorithm to accomplish it. Firstly, the agriculture materials must be certificated before
be inputted into the system. Secondly, the operation rules and specifications has been separated into a series of
control points(CPs) and the CPs will be inputted into the database as a assess item. Then the farmers’ operation
information has been entered into the system. So finally, when the farmer gained the vegetable (CVO perform
the operation in the information system), the system will compare operations and the assess items and
automatically assess the level of vegetable.
C. Intelligent Planting guidance
The system contains a mini expert system for intelligent planting guidance, the farmer can search the planting
information and access the technical services, if there are no needed information in it, they can seek the
agricultural experts’ assistance online.
V. CONCLUSION
The system has been put into practical application in Wenzhou, China and has received a lot of benefits. For
some practical reason, the technology of the system is not the most advanced one, but it can work well.
In the future, the application of Internet of Things (or CPS) will be better for the tracking and traceability
system, and other new techniques will be applied in it.
REFERENCES
[1]. John K. McAnelly, “HACCP: A Total Quality System For Assuring Food Safety & Quality” 1994 PROCEEDINGS Annual
RELIABILITY and MAINTAINABILITY Symposium, pp. 31–36, 1994.
[2]. Zhibo Pang, Jun Chen, Zhi Zhang, Qiang Chen, Lirong Zheng, Global Fresh Food Tracking Service Enabled by Wide Area
Wireless Sensor Network Sensors Applications Symposium (SAS), 2010 IEEE, pp.6–9,2010.
[3]. Wu Chunxia, Yang Weimin, Pu Yingyan, Xu Huiyuan, Research on RFID Technology Adoption of Vegetable Supply Chain in
China, 2009 International Forum on Information Technology and Application, 2009, pp. 669–672.
[4]. Ma Congguo, Zhao Deshen, Chen Lianghai, Yu Lan, “The Research of Tracking and Traceability System on Pork Quality”, 2010
International Conference on Intelligent Computation Technology and Automation, 2010, pp. 926–929.
[5]. Boran Hu, “Food Security Management Technology Based on HACCP and Petri Net”, 2010 Third International Conference on
Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining, 2010, pp. 296–298.
[6]. Liwei Bao, Jinping Wang, “Study on the Management and Reengineering of Supply Chain of Vegetable Circulation”, Service
Operations and Logistics, and Informatics, 2008. IEEE/SOLI 2008. IEEE International Conference on, 2008, pp. 2129–2134.
[7]. WenZhou DGM Network Engineering Co., Ltd. Feasibility report on the Tracking and Traceability System for Vegetable Quality
Assessment and Assurance, 2007.