The document summarizes a study tour to the Ghazi Barotha Hydropower Project in Pakistan. Key points: - The tour visited the Ghazi Barotha dam project located 100km from Islamabad on the Indus River. - The dam diverts water through a 52km channel to a 1,450MW powerhouse, dropping 76m over 63km. - The project includes a dam, power channel, power complex, and 340km of transmission lines. - The run-of-river project aims to meet Pakistan's peak electricity demand in the evenings.

1. Wah Engineering College organized a study tour on 11th March 2016 under the
course of Fluid Mechanics to Ghazi Barotha Hydropower Project. It is basically
run-of-river type dam which is located around 100km from Islamabad, on the Indus
River in north west Pakistan. It involved the construction of a partial river diversion at
Ghazi, 7km downstream from the Tarbela dam.
The barrage diverts water into a 52km concrete-lined channel and delivers it to the
1,450MW powerhouse at Barotha. This is further downstream, near the confluence of
the Indus and Haro rivers. In this reach the Indus River drops by 76m within a distance
of 63km. After passing through the powerhouse, diverted water is returned to the Indus.
In addition to these main works, transmission lines stretch 340km
OVERVIEW OF THE GHAZI BAROTHA HYDROPOWER STATION
The Ghazi Barotha hydropower station was founded in 1995 by the Government of
Pakistan and the founder of this hydropower station is the German Federal Ministry
for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ).The main purpose of this dam is to
met the peak value of electricity that starts from 6 pm to 12 pm in Pakistan
According to The International Commission of Large Dams (ICOLD) There are two
main categories of large dams that is, reservoir type storage projects and run-of-river.
Ghazi Barotha Hydropower plant is basically, the run-of-river type dams that have no
storage reservoir and may have limited daily pondage .Ghazi Barotha dam (weirs and
barrages, and run-of-river diversion dams) create a hydraulic head in the Indus river to
divert some portion of the river flows to a canal or power station.
The project consist of the construction of a hydropower station with 1,450 MW installed
capacity (5 x 290 MW) on the upper reaches of the Indus. Its implementation, which
lasted from 1995 to 2004, comprised the following main components: construction of a
weir approx. 15 km below the Tarbela Dam at Ghazi to reroute outflows from the
Tarbela Dam conducted via an approx. 52 km-long bypass canal to an upper reservoir
near the power station at Barotha. Using a fall height of approx. 69 metres, five turbine
generator units of the power station complex are supplied from there, each with a
capacity of 290 MW. For the connection of the power station to the integrated Pakistani
grid system, transformer substations and high-voltage powerlines with total length of
approx. 340 km were also financed as part of the project
GHAZI BAROTHA HYDROPOWER STATION
Objective
The overall objective of the project was the promotion of social and economic
development through the electricity supplied and a contribution to climate change
mitigation through prevented CO2 emissions. The project objective was the reliable,

2. efficient and environmentally friendly provision of 1,450 MW electrical capacity, up to
6,600 GWh/year of electrical power and its economically efficient use by consumers in
the integrated system. The primary target group comprised electricity users for
production.
Cost:
Appraisal (planned) Ex post-evaluation
(actually)
Investment cost total EUR 1,704.5 million EUR 1,469.6 million
Counterpart Countribution EUR 758.1 million EUR 660.4 million
Funding of which budgets
fund (BMZ)
EUR 112.5 million
(EUR 92.0 million
EUR 84.4 million
(EUR 81.6 million)

3. During the visit ,the assitant director ask a question and we are unable to
answer this question :-
What is the differene between Cumec and Cusec?
The term cumec is also used, as shorthand for "Cubic metres per second cubic metre
per second
1 cubic metre per second=1000 litres per second
Cusec is a measure of flow rate and is informal short hand for "cubic feet per second
(28.317 litres per second)
1 ft3s−1 = 1 cusec
Cusec is a measure of the rate of flow of fluid, especially through a pipeline, equal to
one cubic foot per second while cumec is a measure of the rate of flow of fluid,
especially through a pipeline, equal to one.
Main Features of Ghazi Bortha Hydro powe station
There are four main features:-
1. Barrage
2. power channel
3. power complex
Power Transmition Line
For the connection of the power station to the integrated Pakistani grid system,
transformer substations and high-voltage powerlines with total length of approx. 340 km
were also financed as part of the projec, and further extension of two furter substations
was partially funded by the kuwait fund for Arab Economic Development .
.Power Channel
Ghazi Barotha Hydropower Project holds the record for the biggest concrete lined
channel in the world. The channel is 51.90 km long with a concrete lining and design
flow of up to 1600 cumecs at a water depth of 9 m. It has a bottom width of 58.4 m.
POWER COMPLEX
The Power Complex is located near the confluence of the Indus and Haro rivers.
It comprises a forebay, a siphon spillway , two head ponds, a power in take

4. structure, penstocks, a power house with five 290 MW each turbo generators .
The five generating units in the Powerhouse are each fed by a 10.6 m diameter
steel lined penstock. Each of the five 290 MW Turbo Generators can take a peak
flow of 460 cumecs
Effectiveness
The production indicators for the Ghazi-Barotha power station since commissioning in
2004 indicate that the generation targets at project appraisal were surpassed by a large
margin on average. The available capacity of 1,450 MW has been available in all
operating years. The average annual electricity generated exceeded the expected figure
of 6,600 GWh/year. At an average of 93.6%, the time availability of the
generator/turbine units can be rated as good. The only shortcomings in project
effectiveness were delays in implementation that resulted in the later commissioning of
the power station. Project objective
achievement at user level has, however, only been met in part due to high non-technical
grid losses and inadequate cost recovery from rates (lack of incentives for economical
electricity use). Effectiveness is therefore only assessed as satisfactory altogether
Subrating: 3.
Efficiency:
At project level, the production efficiency of the power station can be rated as very
good. It was the most cost-effective extension option at project appraisal and remains
valid in retrospect due to the extremely favourable power generation costs in
comparison with thermal power stations. In both economic and financial terms, the
profitability of the project is excellent. This aspect is therefore allotted the Sub-rating 1.
At system level, however, there are serious deficits in allocative and production
efficiency in the Pakistani electric power sector. None of the minimum sectroal
efficicency (operational appraisal) criteria for power generation projects were met in
economic terms. Cost recovery of tariffs has been insufficient for years, presently
amounting to less than 55% of long-run marginal costs, and falls well short of the
required minimum of 65%. System losses have exceeded 20% for years and the time
availability of the thermal power stations falls well short of 75%.
the short to medium term. Efficiency at system level is therefore given the Sub-rating 5.
Overall, we give the Sub-rating 3 for efficiency.
Sustainability: In view of the technical qualification of the operator, WAPDA, there
are no great risks that it cannot adequately perform the tasks of power station operation
and maintenance as well as environmental impact monitoring. From a commercial point
of view, the issue of circular debt in the Pakistani power sector poses a general risk to

5. its financial operations. Concerning Ghazi Barotha hydropower station, however,
WAPDA can be expected to provide sufficient financial resources for operation and
maintenance thanks to the low operating costs and the very cost-effective electricity
generation
The impacts of climate change on water levels of the Indus could pose risks to a
sustainable operation of the station. The possible resultant increased melting of the
Himalayan glaciers would raise water outflow in the short term, but in the longer-term
glacier meltdown could reduce the Indus outflow and thus reduce electricity generation
from the power station. Sedimentation in the reservoirs and weirs situated upstream of
the
power station could also pose another problem for operational capacity. Overall, though,
these risks are assessed as manageable.
Conculsion:-
Through this vist,we practically see how turbine and generator work.and now we are
able to explain these thing pracically.Also we observe the map of dam and learn how
the map make for the dam.