The Influence of Three Iconic Eras in Music History

The Renaissance Era The Baroque Era And The Baroque Era
Constantly, music has been a part of everyday life for centuries, dating back to the earliest Biblical
records. But over the years there have been many ages contributing to music. All of them were
significant to history, but only three were the most inspiring. All three discovered new ways to
compose melodies people around the world still listen to and perform. These influential eras in
music are: the Renaissance era, the Baroque period, and the Classical era. The subjects will be in
order from earliest and so on, starting with the Renaissance.
The Renaissance Era
Dating back to the 1400s, the Renaissance era started at the end of the medieval era. The era had
many major composers and came up with an abundance of new instruments. Most composers had
been involved in the church because "secular" music was not as popular at that time.
Music was difficult to distribute to people in the early 1400s. Consequently, the development of the
printing press in the early 1400s, made it easier to deliver music to a more broad scale of people.
One composer who took advantage of the printing press was Thomas Tallis. He used it to make his
own music sought–after by the public. He was allowed "exclusive rights to use England's printing
press to publish music" (Green 1). Tallis specialized primarily in choir–like music. He was the most
well–known Renaissance artists of his time. A few of his works included Salve intemerata virgo,
Ave rosa sine spinis, and Ave Dei patris filia. Tallis even
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Essay on The Concerto
The Concerto
Since the Baroque era, the concerto has played a vital role in the music world. According to the
Merriam Webster dictionary, a concerto is "a composition for one or more soloists and orchestra
with three contrasting movements." There are two main types: the concerto grosso and the classical
concerto; both will be discussed later. While the term concerto is relatively easy to understand in
context, when put into use the term becomes more complicated to define.
The basic elements that make up a concerto include three movements with one movement usually
dedicated for a solo instrument such as the piano or violin with orchestra accompaniment. Since the
late 18th century, the first movement is most likely in the sonata form ... Show more content on
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By doing this, the sound made by the groups swells, portraying to the audience a sound of growth
and progression. According to the textbook Music Appreciation Online, in this type of concerto, "a
tutti section, a full orchestra (with basso continuo), and a small group of solo instruments usually
referred to as the concertino or principale" is used. In the concertino section, two or more soloists
are used. Arcangelo Corelli was the first major composer of the concerti grossi (the Italian form of
the concerto grosso). The concerto grosso comes in two major forms: the concerto da chiesa (church
chant) and the concerto da camera (chamber concert). The concerto da chiesa was used for formal
occasions and alternated between adagio and allegro movements. For the most part, the movements
were written in the same key, however there were occasions where one or more of the movements
were in contrasting tonality. The sonata de camera was made up of a prelude and a succession of
dances that were all in the same key. Its structure was that of a slow introduction, a fugued allegro, a
cantabile slow movement and an energetic finale. This setup created its dancelike sound and feeling.
The sonata da camera composition grew to be referred to as a suite, a partita, or in the French opera

Parthenon And Pantheon Research Paper
The Parthenon and Pantheon The Parthenon and Pantheon have many similarities and differences.
The Parthenon was completed in 432 B.C.E. in Athens, Greece. Pantheon was completed in 125
C.E. in Rome. The first major similarity is that the Parthenon and Pantheon were both built as
temples for the gods and goddesses of their time. The Parthenon was dedicated to the goddess
Athena and completed in 432 B.C.E. The Parthenon was built by Iktinos, Kalikrates. Whereas the
Pantheon was dedicated to all the gods and goddesses of Rome in 126 C.E. The Pantheon was built
by Aelius Hadrianus. The design and structure of both the Pantheon and the Parthenon is where we
get a lot of differences with few similarities. The Parthenon was built on a rectangle ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The building became a church and was given to Pope Poniface IV in 609 AD. It was converted to a
Christian church, this saved the Pantheon from being looted and destroyed like the Parthenon. Some
of the Pantheon's marble was given to the British Museum. During the Renaissance, the Pantheon
became a very important burial place. Some buried here are artists Raphael and Anibale Carraccit
and the musician Arcangelo Corelli. In 1832 Greece became independent and gained control of
Athens. The Parthenon became a historical precinct controlled by the Greek government. In 1975
the Greek government began to restoring Parthenon and made the Committee for Conservation of
the Acropolis Monuments over the Parthenon in 1983, the European Union funds the restoring..
Today the Pantheon is still used as a church. The Pantheon holds special masses for the Pope like
Lent. The Pantheon has been very influential in architecture since the Renaissance. The Pantheon's
influence can still be seen in numerous buildings today. The Parthenon and Pantheon were in
different times but, have many things in common. Both were built so long ago but still have a major
influence on the world today. Hopefully the Parthenon and the Pantheon on around for future
generations to be inspired and influenced by them as

The Life of G.F. Handel Essay
The Life of G.F. Handel George Frideric Handel was born on February 23rd, 1685 in Halle,
Germany. Handel had a passion for music from the time he was capable of understanding it. His
father Georg was a highly respected barber/surgeon (Cavendish, vol. 4, pg. 60), which did not
believe in music as a career and wanted his son to study law. Georg thought a career in law would
offer more prospects and stability (60). Handel's father was so against having his son play music, he
took all of his son's instruments out of the house. However, Handel was so interested in music he
managed to sneak a clavichord into the loft of the house on which he practiced secretly (60). In his
early years, up until he ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
While never actually working together, J.S. Bach copied many of Antonio's works in trying to
unravel the mystery that was behind his compositions. Then there's Francesco Geminiani, which
was a student of Corelli's (Carlin 59). Unlike the previously mentioned composers, Geminiani was a
soloist choosing to play the violin. The man responsible for teaching G.F. Handel how to play the
keyboard and compose was Friedrich Wilhelm Zachau, who was an extraordinary musician himself.
Aside from the violins there were also masters of the keyboards, such as a gentleman named
Dietrich Buxtehude. Buxtehude had a determination to make the church a center of musical activity
(Carlin 62) and founded a series of religious–oriented music. He is remembered today for his
inspiration for Bach and other younger and greater composers. Bach and Handel are considered the
Classical Giants. While their music was a strong influence to the Baroque time period, it was also
their achievements that made them the most influential. There were also masterminds such as
Hayden and Mozart who added to the culmination marking the development to what we consider
classical music. Handel composed well over two hundred pieces in his lifetime. Ranging from
oratorios, operas, cantatas, sacred and secular vocals,

Essay On The Pantheon
The Pantheon introduction This essay will show you the development of architecture over the years,
and the influence it has had on modern day design. The influence this design has had from 2000
years ago, on our modern day designs is shown in the follow extracts. We will also look at how the
design and architecture of the pantheon had an influence on the buildings that were built at a later
stage through time. The Pantheon is a circular building with a portico of large granite columns after
2000 years the dome of the pantheon is still the world's largest unreinforced concrete dome which
caused that many builders and architects studied the dome to reconstruct and build buildings with
the same techniques. The pantheon is one of the world's best preserved ancient architectural
monument buildings situated ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Cassius Dio a Roman senator who wrote in Greek said it could be possible that the name Pantheon
is not actually the buildings real name but merely a nickname. He also speculated that the name
derives from all the god status that was located around the building or the resemblance of the dome
to the heavens. Interior The Pantheon could be the first building where the interior outshined the
exterior. The entrance, and has two bronze doors. The doors measure at 12m x 7.5 m. The dome has
a diameter of 43.2m and is an exact perfect sphere. There is a skylight on the top of the dome that
opens to the sky and is 8.8 m in diameter. The walls are 6m thick. Later History The building went
through many historic events. The Pantheon survived really well, In earlier years its existence as a
church ( 608 BC) gave itself protection from being destroyed or damaged by wars and human
tragedies as it was considered a sacred building. The strong influence of Christianity in these years,
gave this building its human protection

Baroque Music Research Paper
The Restoration was a time of artistic change. This time period bled into what is known as the
Baroque period. The english word baroque originated from the Italian word barocco, meaning
bizarre. The usage of this term started in the 1860s to describe the decorative, elaborate style of the
17th century religious and public Italian buildings. Baroque music has affected everything we hear
in music today due to the incredible form of the music, instruments, and composers of that time.
Baroque music is a style of Western art composed from approximately 1600 to 1750. This style of
music is filled with delicate decoration and ornamentation. Elements that originated from this period
influenced modern classical form in many ways. Balance was a very important component to
baroque music, every note was to be heard. Bachs view of balance can be found in his sonatas
written for violin and piano. They were originally meant to be 3–part Trio Sonatas, one part for the
violin, and a part for each hand of the pianist. Because the Harpsichord is generally relegated to the
rear of the sound spectrum, the violinist would overpower the harpsichord, making it sound as if it
were a written violin solo. The same goes for Bach 's sonata for flute (or viola) and harpsichord.
Choral music also has these issues, but with the instruments and the voices. Michael Sartorius said,
"If Bach wrote it, the listener should hear it". Most recordings of Bach 's cantatas and choral works
use a small organ for the

Summary: Two Significant Impact Of German Baroque Music
Two noteworthy impacts of German Baroque music were the German violin bow and the genuine
harmonies that were frequently played. These elements impacted Bach particularly in light of the
fact that they made his violin solo more intriguing and more exact. The Church and the State
additionally affected the Baroque music.
Before Bach music wasn't as intriguing than after on the grounds that the German grouped different
instruments which played harmonies that made Bach's performance pieces more fascinating.
The performances of Baroque music have changed over time. The balance and timbre haven't
changed that much and has stay similar but the tempi have changed drastically by becoming a little
bit faster tempi.
The baroque spirit is when

The Baroque Era
The eighteenth century was a very creative time in world history. It gave birth to art that expresses
feelings. This art was in the form of music paintings and is even seen in Architecture. The name
baroque was borrowed from art history and actually came from a jeweler term meaning odd pearl or
irregular pearl. Europe rulers sponsored the arts until France "rose to new heights in the seventeenth
century" (Joseph Kerman) this is in contrast to merchant princes of the renaissance who were the
first supporters. Style characteristics of the Baroque era are distinctive Rhythms usually against a
steady beat. Dynamics usually remained at the same level through the whole piece though there
were expressive changes to bring out rhythmic accents. The Tone and color of the Baroque era
derive from instruments such as the flute, harpsichord, organ, violin and the obo. Keyboards
instrument were added as continuo. The common group of instruments would be the strings
however woodwind and brass instruments were ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It was usually complex and would dance around each other, they would commonly extend over two
octaves. The melodies work together to play with one's emotions and sequence was commonly used.
In the theatrical aspects of Baroque period ornamentation was a practice that skilled opera singers
would strive to accomplish which is improvising extras. Volume was a good tool to do this.
The Texture of the music of this period was polyphonic Three were traits of independent melody
from the basses. The pieces were filled with contrapuntal lines that seemed to almost compete for
the attention of the listener like a battle for center stage. It brings to mind the battle of the fiddles in
the devil came down to Georgia. Each group shows off its unique sound as if proud and better than
the others like two children competing for their mother's attention. It seems as though each
instrument wants the conductor's approval and

Go for Baroque
Go for Baroque
Sheela Lewis
ARTS 340 – Exploration of Western Classical Music
March 3, 2014
Steven Kennedy
Go for Baroque
The Baroque musical period occurred throughout Europe from 1600 to 1750. The compositions
during this period had certain characteristics. Some of these characteristics included unity of mood,
continuity of rhythm and melody, and most compositions, in the middle to late Baroque period,
included polyphonic textures (Kamien, 2011). Many musicians, such as Johann Sebastian Bach and
Arcangelo Corelli, thrived during this period. They composed hundreds to thousands of
compositions in various different musical forms and each piece holds the characteristics of the
Baroque period uniquely. This paper will review the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The trio sonata leaves on an incomplete cadence which causes the expectancy of more, it is later
completed in the other movements. The piece seems to cut off the melody and start back over from
the beginning.
The second characteristic that both pieces share in common is the continuity of rhythm, whether it is
at the forefront or showcased as the beat, and the repetition of the melody. The tutti is the melody of
Brandenburg Concerto No. 5, and it is repeated several times throughout the piece and sometimes
even when the soloist performs. The Trio Sonata is a short piece compared to the concerto, but the
melody is repeated twice in the first movement. There can be variations to the melody during the
piece but it keeps the same tone and mood.
Finally another common characteristic between the pieces is that the texture of both is polyphonic.
Polyphonic texture shows two of more melodic lines competing for attention. The listener would
hear the polyphonic texture during the soloist performances in Bach's work. One instrument would
imitate the other leading to the competition of being heard. This is also seen in Corelli's sonata. The
two violins are the showcase for the melodic lines and are imitated by the bass continuo, played by
the organ and cello.
One major difference in the pieces is the use of the basso continuo. This basso continuo helps to
establish a harmony between the instruments and usually takes a back seat in the composer. In

Oleanders Essay
Corsican hares prefer bushy areas with alternating clearings and not close to sea level. They may
also live by cropland, Mediterranean vegetation, and forests. Italian hares are nocturnal, foraging in
the night, and staying in the home during the day. Sardinian long–eared bat The long eared bat likes
to hang out in deep heavily filled woods and in caves with low areas. The caves also allow for the
bats to hear better to find more food. Apennine shrew The Apennine shrew lives in ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
They should be grown in moist soil. They can be grown in small areas, not in wooded areas, around
creeks and ponds. Gentiana Gentianas grow around short grasses on stoney hill sides and mountains.
They like a lot of sunlight and most of the time they live in crop fields. Climate Overview Of The
Milan Area The city has four distinct seasons. Winter is from December to February and is always
very wet and gray, the temperature is normally around freezing; (0 °C or 32 °F). On most days the
sun is a no show and fog is very common. It normally snows at least once during this season but
quickly melts. Spring is after winter, March to May. It starts as a pretty cold season (30–55°F) with a
lot of rainfall. As it gets closer to summer it starts get warmer and near the end of spring there is
many afternoon thunderstorms. The beginning of summer is always super hot and muggy (90–
110°F). Summer is June to August and the sun is always shining and there is little to no wind, it gets
very humid. Thunderstorms in the evening/afternoon are not unusual. Ater summer come autumn,
September to October. In the beginning of autumn the weather is very warm (80–90°F). It becomes
cold very quickly and autumn is the rainiest season of the year. The amount of sunshine in Milan is
very low and when the sun does come out it is very weak and misty. What Biome is Milan

What Are The Musical Consequences Of Diaspora?
What are the musical consequences of diaspora?
In this essay I will be considering how diaspora has impacted upon the musical world. I will review
examples of how the movement of people within a diaspora influenced and affected musical culture
and techniques and describe the resulting changes that the diaspora had on the areas of the world
that these people moved to.
In Greek, diaspora means to scatter. In the past, the term diaspora has been traditionally used to
describe the dispersion of the Jewish people beyond Israel and the term has been associated with
loss, exile and persecution. For many years the word had connotations of tragedy. Today however,
the term is used to describe, 'a community of people who live outside their shared country of origin
or ancestry but maintain active connections with it. A diaspora includes both emigrants and their
descendants' (Am I Part of a Diaspora? Link in Bibliography).
Diaspora of African Origin
As African people travelled from Africa to other parts of the world, both as a result of the African
slave trade and later migrations, the music and dance forms of this African diaspora influenced
many international musical styles and genres, including Caribbean and Latin American music, for
example Samba and Salsa, as well as providing the foundations for the musical traditions behind
African American Music, for example Jazz and Rhythm and Blues.
'The majority of sub–Saharan African folk music and traditional music is functional in nature.'

Peculiar Circumstances During the Baroque Era
One of the most important eras in the history of classical music, was undoubtedly the Baroque Era.
This period lasted from 1650 to 1750, and largely stemmed from the musical innovations of both
Italy and Germany. Through this era, the arrangements such as the concerto and the sonata were
produced, as well as mastery of the organ and other instruments. Two of perhaps the most influential
artists of this era were Arcangelo Corelli and George Fridric Handel.
Before discussing the styles and techniques that emerged and were reformed during the Baroque
Period of music, first the cultural background must be discussed. The Baroque Period of Music
lasted from 1650 to 1750, and really was heavily influenced by two particular countries: Italy and
Germany (Sartorius). In Italy, architecture and the layout of the city of Rome had been completely
revived because of the Renaissance period, and this new innovation in architecture inspired music
(Sartorius). Musicians aspired to experiment with music, and try new innovations to make their
compositions sound fresh and original (Sartorius). Meanwhile, up in Germany, composers were
desperate to get in the various courts of royalty that existed at that time, due to the fact that Germany
was broken up into many states (Sartorius). If composers could become the court musicians for
nobility, it could insure great fame, job security, and profits (Sartorius). Thus, the Baroque period of
Music was inspired by architectural advancement in Italy, and

Arcangelo Corelli Research Paper
In the small town of Fusignano, Italy, on a chilly winter evening of February 17th, 1653, Arcangelo
Corelli was born to single mother Santa Raffini. She had been widowed five weeks prior, and named
the baby after his late father. Growing up, Arcangelo Corelli was raised by his mother, alongside
four older siblings. The family was well off, but not extremely wealthy, in contrast to claims made
by the family. He began to study music, particularly the violin, locally before the age of 10, and had
moved to the city of Bologna, Italy in 1666, when he was only 13 years old. At the time Bologna
was an Italian center of music, and it is where Corelli continued to develop his violin skills. In 1670,
he was accepted into the Philharmonic Academy of Bologna

Museum Collection Hum 205
Axia College University of Phoenix WORLD CULTURE AND THE ARTS (AXIA) HUM/205
Jaynelle Nixon January 27, 2008 Museum Collection 2 Classical and Hellenistic Greece One of the
most well known piece of this time, is the statue called Ludovisi Gaul killing himself and his wife,
also known as The Galatian Suicide. The original was made by Greek sculptors commissioned by
Attalus I after his victories over the Gauls of Galatia. This is a statue of A man about to drive a
dagger into his chest all while holding a dying woman (his wife) and looking over his shoulder,
defiantly. The original statue was never recovered, however there were many copies commissioned
through out different eras and rulers; they were an ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is actually two buildings built separately one is called the New Cathedral "La Nueva" and the
other is the Old Cathedral "La Vieja." Construction began on the original cathedral in the 12th
century. The building of the new cathedral began in the 16th and ended in the 18th century. The Old
Cathedral is a prime example of Romanic architecture while The New Cathedral is a prime example
of Gothic architecture. Much of the cathedral is covered in detailed carvings. The new cathedral was
built to stabilize the older cathedral. There is an apparent Islamic influence present when you look at
the Salamanca cathedrals; this was not common outside of Spain. This is a combination of
influences and styles, which is what makes this structure so interesting. With Islamic, Romanesque,
and late Gothic influence and attention is spectacular. This structure requires a lot of work to
maintain, now it's a prime tourist spot. Museum Collection 6 Baroque Age During the Baroque Ages
a man by the name of Caravaggio was a very prominante artist, one of his stand out pieces was
entitled Entombment, created in 1603 it was an oil on canvas painting. This is a painting in which
Jesus is the center of the movement in the work everything and everyone else seems to revolve
around him. The Renaissance inspired aspects are the religious content and increased perspective.
The more Baroque elements are bringing the viewer into the

Romeo And Julia Research Paper
La Folia by Canon Andrew Khoo
On 12th April, 2016 St. Paul's ChurchPetaling Jaya was privileged to host the classical music
ensemble known as "La Folía", who gave a concert of Baroque recorder music.
"La Folía" comprises Pedro Bonet and Belén González Castaño, and was founded in Madrid, Spain
in 1977. Pedro Bonet is Professor of Recorder at the Royal Superior Conservatory of Music in
Madrid, where he also teaches Improvisation in Early Music and Baroque Ensemble. Belén
González Castaño is a professional pianist who has performed on the recorder with La Folía on
numerous concert tours and recordings.
Together they delighted the audience with a concert programme entitled"Angin be Dingin"
(translated as "The Wind is Strong"). The title is taken from the name of a Malay song that English
navigator Thomas Forrest (c.1729–c.1802), who played the flute ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The musical journey began with music by Gonzalo de Baena (first published in 1540) and took us
chronologically through the works of Jacob van Eyck(1646), Michel Blavet(1750), Jean Philippe
Rameau (c. 1780) and BaltasarMartínezCompañón(1779–89).
This was followed by two Japanese songs entitled "San Juan sama no uta" (Song of St. John,
collected from the KirishitanJapanese tradition of the 17th century) and "Sakura" (Cherry Blossom)
composed by Gordon Saunders and published as Eight Traditional Japanese Pieces, London, 1979.
"La Folía" then premiered a 2016 composition by Zulema de la Cruz (b. 1958) entitled " Quijote y
Sancho".
We returned to music influenced by the Indian trade route composed by William Hamilton Bird
andpublished in Calcutta in 1789 before hearing the title piece "Angin be dingin" by Corelli,
arranged for two recorders by Professor Pedro Bonet. The evening concluded with music by Georg
Friedrich

Case Study Of The Chateau De Chenonceau
I would love to travel to France, not just anywhere in France, but to the beautiful Château De
Chenonceau in the Loire valley. I would love to see and study the buildings' amazing history and
Architecture. Its' location is beautiful as it was built in the chateau of the Loire valley (a lake in
France), and is known for its' amazing history. The first of many tasks in order to achieve this goal is
to figure out the cost of travel, the second task would be to dive into the history of the Chateau, then
followed up by the third task of a brief discussion of the Architectural, interior, and the exterior
design of the landscape. The Castle has also been predominately been owned by women, was a
battleground, a military hospital, and now a museum. Many lives have been shed there, and many ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"The Chateau de Chenonceau." Smithsonian Journeys, Smithsonian
Journeys, 10 Nov. 2010. Web. 06 Feb. 2018. www.smithsonianjourneys.org/blog/the–chateau–de–
chenonceau–180950932/.com
Knecht, Robert. "Châteaux of Ill Fortune." History Today, vol. 54, no. 6, June 2004, pp. 28–34.
EBSCOhost,dcccd.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?
direct=true&db=a9h&AN=13305575&site=ehost–live.com
Knight, Eliza. "Castle of the Week: Chenonceau: The Ladies' Chateau." History Undressed.
MENIER, Laure. "Ticket prices." Chenonceau, Château de Chenonceau, N/A. 06 Feb. 2018.
www.chenonceau.com/en/practical–information/ticket–prices.com
McKenna Darby, 01 Jan. 1970. Web. 06 Feb. 2018.
http://www.historyundressed.com/2013/02/castle– of–week–chenonceau–ladies–chateau.html
N/A."Chenonceau."Chenonceau, Affordable tours, N/A.06 Feb.2018.
http://castles.org/dokuwiki/castlesoftheworld/france/chenonceau
N/A. "Loire Valley: Château de Chenonceau and Diane de Poitiers." French Cycling Holidays,
10 Jan. 2018. 06 Feb. 2018

Essay on The Baroque Era
The Baroque Era
Baroque music a style of western art music and was composed from approximately 1600s to 1750s.
This era took place after the Renaissance era and before the Classical era. The word "baroque" is
derived from the Portuguese barroco, or "oddly shaped pearl" ("About"). The term has been used a
lot throughout the nineteenth century to describe the period. Some known music familiarities from
the era are Pachelbel's Canon and Vivaldi's The Four Seasons. This era not only connected to the art
of music but it helped with the acceptance of Copernicus's 16 the century theory. A theory that stated
that "planets didn't revolve around the earth" ("About"). A lot of important people with great
accomplishments existed ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He was born in Venice and was trained in music since a kid. He wrote over five hundred concertos
and some believe that he invented ritornello. His music was mainly discovered until the early
1930's. Some of his popular works are "The Four Seasons, Gloria and Con Alla Rustica in G"
(Green). Other artists to note are George Philipp Telemann, Arcangelo Corelli, Henry Purcell.
Characteristics of baroque music, it became more dramatic and rhetorical. Baroque music expresses
order. The Baroque period was the era that created tonality. Tonality is a musical system in which
pitch relationships are based on tonic triad. At the time composers and performers used different
methods of musical ornamentation and made changes to musical notations. They developed new
instrumental playing techniques. It also help expand the size, range and complexity of instrumental
performances such as opera, concerto, and sonata. On the baroque era contrast became a dramatic
element in creating drama. Different types of play between "loud and soft, solo and ensembles,
different instruments and timbres" all were important for baroque compositions. The precision of
composers began to grow, now they specified when the instrument users had to play not whenever
they wanted too. Vocal music grew such as opera, oratorio, and cantata.
During the baroque era different instrumental sounds began to grow. The pitch was

Concerto Grosso
Arcangelo Corelli, also known as "Father of Concerto Grosso", was an Italian composer, violinist,
and teacher. Corelli was born in Fusignano, Italy on February 17, 1653 where he studied composing
music until the late 1670's. Corelli's musical talents led him to enter the service of Queen Christina
of Sweden, Franceso II, Cardinal Pamphili, Cardinal Ottoboni, who was Pope Alexander VIII, and
as the court musician for the Prince of Bavaria. Corelli composed and dedicated music to his noble
patrons. Corelli built the notion of Concerto Grosso into an arrangement of secular entertainment for
the noble lords and ladies for various events. Corelli's layout of his Concerto Grosso was
introducing two groups of musicians to compete. Each group bestowed ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Corelli also used this concept in his teachings; especially to such composers like Francesco
Geminiani and Pietro Locatelli. Other composers such as Antonio Vivaldi and Bach studied Corelli's
compositions. Towards the end of his life, Corelli toured all over Europe and gained popularity.
Corelli died a famous and rich man on January 19, 1713. His compositions eventually gave him the
name "Father of Concerto Grosso". The composition I chose from Corelli's works is his Christmas
Concerto, Concerto Grosso Opus 6, that made Corelli the prime of his time. Corelli's composition
consists of a small group of solo instruments against a larger group of instruments. This creates the
terrace dynamics in the composition. The beginning of the composition starts out with the two
violins playing on different beats slow. The slow tempo makes the conjunct melody have a smooth
and pleasing texture. Then the melody jumps to an allegro tempo that is fast paced and intense. The
composition's tempo has a slow–fast–slow movement throughout the whole piece. The fugal style
contains stressed rhythms and vocal delays are a perfect example of his built concept of Concerto

Why Did Baroque Concerto Changed During The Baroque Era
The baroque concerto has proved to be a very formative aspect of classical music. Without the
emergence of the concerto, music would not be as it is today. Concerto composers changed the way
music was perceived and defied musical norms, introducing new and exciting patterns, sequences,
and combinations.
Concertos have changed drastically throughout the years. What were deemed concertos during the
baroque era, will not always qualify as a concerto by modern definition. A concerto was originally
defined as multiple instruments or voices performing together, typically a piece combining voices
and instruments often in larger numbers. The definition has since changed as the concerto has
become a more distinguishable work. Today, concertos involve a soloist pitted against an orchestra
or ensemble contrasting in movement. Contrast and unity were, ironically, both basic elements of
the baroque concerto. The principal of the concerto was to unite two differing bodies of sound. The
term Concerto is a derivative of the latin term "concertare" which translates as "to contend with."
The first composer to write a work designated as a concerto was Giuseppe Torelli.. Before they were
appointed the term concerto, his early works were known as sonatas and sinfonias. From Torelli's
works of early concerto, inspiration arose. Composers such as J.S. Bach, Corelli, and Vivaldi
adopted this new style and created their own masterpieces out of it.
There are two types of concerti that were popular during the baroque Era: Solo Concerto and
Concerto Grosso. The solo concerto includes one solo instrument set against an orchestra. An
excellent example of the solo concerto is Vivaldi's Four Seasons, a set of Violin Concertos. Sonority
and virtuoso instrumentalists experimented a lot with the solo concerto. The violin was featured in
the solo concerto more than any other instrument. A violin soloist would play something as the
orchestra played against it. The common movement for the solo concerto is allegro, adagio, allegro
(fast, then slow, then fast again.) Concerto grosso involves a small group of soloists and an
orchestra. J.S. Bach's six Brandenburg concertos fall under this category. This type of concerto is
based on opposition

Part III Study Guide Essay
Baroque
Dates: 1600 –1750
1. What does "musical style" mean? Genre is the type of music. Style is how you sing it.
2. What was going historically during this era? What was life like? The Baroque was a period of
absolute monarchs. The monarchs had total control over every aspect of their realms: the economy,
the books, the style of art, and even life and death. Louis XIV became the model and he set the stage
for many things going on during this period. In many parts of Europe, a strict social hierarchy, rigid
laws, and elaborate codes of dress and manners characterized life. There were no major wars. There
were knew technological developments that led to scientists and philosophers open up to new ideas
and a new way of thinking rather ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In Baroque, chords become significant in themselves, due to the emphasis on the Bass Voice.
13. What voices or parts become more important? The entire structure of the Baroque piece rested
on the Bass Voice. This new emphasis on chords and the Bass part results in the most characteristic
feature of all Baroque music.
14. What is the basso continuo? What instruments play it? The name Basso Continuo refers both to
the "Bass" line/part in music as well as the group of instruments that plays the "Bass" line/part. Two
instruments always play the Basso Continuo:
Some type of instrument that plays chords such as a harpsichord, organ, or Baroque guitar.
Some type of low melody instrument such as a cello or bassoon.
15. What was a baroque orchestra like? As well as violins and woodwinds, the baroque orchestra
contained continuo instruments such as the harpsichord and theorbo. The orchestra was generally
small with a maximum of thirty people.
16. What family of instruments were the most important? The string family was the most important
instrumental family in a Baroque orchestra.
17. What is a movement? Did baroque compositions often consist of multiple movements? A
movement is a large, separate section of a musical work. Yes, barogue compositions often included
multiple movements.
18. What is the primary or most important way that the movements might contrast one another?

Tempo
19. What is opera? What does it include? Where

The Four Seasons By Antonio Lucio Vivaldi
Antonio Lucio Vivaldi, outstanding composer of "The Four Seasons" and more specifically Gloria
in Excelsis Deo, was born March the 4th 1678 and died July 28th 1741. Vivaldi was born in Venice,
Italy: a city in northeastern Italy sited on a group of one hundred seventeen small islands separated
by canals and linked by bridges. He died in Veinna, Austria, the capital and largest city of Austria,
and one of the nine states of Austria, Vienna is also Austria 's primary city.
Antonio Vivaldi is a well known composer of the Baroque music style. Baroque music ranges from
1600–1750 where Vivaldi neatly falls into. Baroque music established opera, cantata, oratorio,
concerto, and sonata as musical genres and the vocabulary used for the music is still common in our
musical vocabulary today. Baroque music is a large piece of what we deem "classical music". The
music style is what enlarged our size, range and instrumental complexity of the music. Common
composers of the Baroque style are Johann Sebastian Bach, George Frideric Handel, Alessandro
Scarlatti, Domenico Scarlatti, Antonio Vivaldi, Henry Purcell, Georg Philipp Telemann, Jean–
Baptiste Lully, Arcangelo Corelli, Tomaso Albinoni, François Couperin, Denis Gaultier, Claudio
Monteverdi, Heinrich Schütz, Jean–Philippe Rameau, Jan Dismas Zelenka, and Johann Pachelbel.
Antonio Vivaldi composed aforementioned "The Four Seasons" a four part musical series from 1717
to 1721, as well as his two most well known operas Argippo and Bajazet.

Informative Essay On Violins
Albert Einstein once said, "A table, a chair, a bowl of fruit, and a violin; what else does a man need
to be happy?" The violin produces a very beautiful sound which depends on neither the violinist nor
the violin. Its long history consists of its known creators and musicians, the process of its creation,
and the types of violins.
The people that make violins are called luthiers (luth–ee–ers). The earliest known Italian luthiers
were Andrea Amati (1505–?), Gasparo da Salo (1540–09), and Giovanni Maggini (1579–30). Most
people agree that Amati is the first luthier. Furthermore, some composers were Arcangelo Corelli
(1653–13) who was known for developing the "concerto grosso", a trio, which has two violins and a
cello, is accompanied by an orchestra. Niccolo Paganini (1782–40) was called "The Devil's
Violinist" for his extreme virtuosity and Antonio Vivaldi (1678–41) is most famous for his four
violin concertos that came to be "The Four ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Luthiers create the strings out of gut wound with aluminum, silver, steel, or perlon, nylon, or wire.
They use quarter–sawn maple for the back, ribs/sides, and neck of the violin. The linings are made
of spruce, willow, purfling (different woods), or fiber (thick paper, cardboard). Luthiers use ebony
for the fingerboard, pegs, plastic for the chinrest, or metal for the tailpiece, fine tuners and maple
wood for the bridge. The parts of the violin are the scroll, the pegs for tightening the strings and
tuning, the pegbox, the nut, the neck, the fingerboard for playing notes, the upper bout, the waist, the
"f" holes for amplified sound, the lower bout, the bridge to convey the vibrations from the string to
the body, the fine tuners to tune, the tailpiece to hold the strings, the chinrest to balance (the violin)
with your chin, the shoulder rest to balance with your shoulder, and the sound post to transfer the
vibrations from the front to the back of the

How Beautiful Are The Feet 'From Handel' By George...
'How Beautiful are the Feet' from 'Messiah'
George Frederic Handel
"As Mr. Handel in his oratorio's greatly excells all other Composers I am acquainted with, So in the
famous one, called The Messiah he seems to have excell'd himself." –Bishop of
Elphin 1742
George Frederic Handel was born on February 23, 1685, in Halle, Brandenburg (which is now
Germany), into a wealthy, religious family. He spent 4 years travelling in Italy 1706–10, from where
he met many of the finest Italian musicians of that period, such as Alessandro Scarlatti and
Arcangelo Corelli. He moved to London in 1710, where he remained until his death on April 14
1759.
Handel was greatly influenced by the Italian style, with much of his vocal work being written in
Italian, including all of his operas, countless arias and many of his early oratorios.
However, after the release of the satirical Beggar's Opera, by John Gay, in early 1728, the popularity
of Italian Opera began to decline, because Gay's work's prevalent theme ridiculed the stereotypical
plots in Italian opera.
English audiences were also growing ever more dissatisfied with their entertainment being in Italian,
a language they did not speak, sung by singers of whose morals they disapproved. In spite of all this,
Handel continued to compose Italian operas until 1741, even co–managing an Italian opera company
in London, until it went bankrupt in 1737.
Oratorios soon began to grow in popularity: large–scale concert pieces for solo voices, chorus

The Evolution of the Concerto from Classical to Romantic...
The concerto form was developed significantly from the Classical to the romantic era; producing
changes within its instrumentation, form thematic material and rhythmic devices. The societal
attitudes towards the composition and consumption of the concerto form also changed during this
time.
A concerto is an arrangement with solo works performed within the piece, alternating between a
larger ensemble and the soloist. The root of its definition was believed to mean to 'skirmish with one
another' (Boyden, 1957), this definition helps explain the idea of a concerto, it displays a notion that
the soloist is 'skirmishing' with the remainder of the ensemble. The defining characteristic of a
concerto is its arrangement. It has a contrast in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This marked the first actual publication of the concerto grosso genre (Jander, 1968). Corelli's Opus 6
was comprised of entirely strings. The solo section known as the concertino that must be made of
two violins and a cello. This soloist group then alternated with a larger group called the ripeno,
which usually consisted of two violins, a bass and a viola, of which the numbers can be increased;
there was also sometimes a continuo. This was the standard instrumental setup for the concerto
grosso and other composers such as Handel used this.
Bach was a prolific composer during the later parts of the baroque period, he was also a prolific
concerto composer also, He himself composing many pieces in concerto form. Most of these works
were composed around 1720. Bach was the Kapellmeister for Prince Leopold of Anhalt–Cothen
during this period; this was also the period in which his wife died suddenly, perhaps striking
inspiration. Many of Bach's concertos used additional and varied instrumentation to those of Corelli
and the concerto grosso form. They often had woodwind and brass instruments such as the oboe,
recorder, trumpet and piccolo. There was no standard instrumentation for Bach's concertos, the
instruments he used varied from piece to piece. To contrast this, Bach's concerto No. 1 used two
horns, three oboes, a violino piccolo accompanied by the bassoon, a strings section (similar to a

Machaut Secular Music
This performance meanders through a selection of secular songs dating from the Middle Ages,
Renaissance and Baroque periods. Music is performed in chronological order, with samplings from
the beginning, middle and end of each period. Changes in vocal arrangements, instruments, mood
and style all shift as the audience is led through centuries of musical innovation and revolution.
"Music Through the Ages" begins with A l'entrada del temps clar (When the Clear Days Come), an
anonymous secular song written by early troubadours in the Middle Ages. Troubadours were poet
musicians living in Southern France from the eleventh through thirteenth centuries, and spoke
Occitan, a Romance language still spoken in parts of the region today. This light, driving ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"Lascia ch'io pianga" is an Italian soprano aria by Handel. The melody was first heard in Handel's
1705 opera Almira. Handel used the music repeatedly, again in a 1707 oratorio and four years later
in the opera Rinaldo, the first Italian opera written for the English stage. The story of Rinaldo takes
place in Jerusalem at the end of the eleventh century, at the time of the first Crusades. The lead
character Rinaldo is sitting with his lover, Almirena, when suddenly she is abducted. In the next act,
Almirena is in her captor's custody, taken away from her love and with no chance to escape. Praying
for mercy, Almirena sings "Lascia ch'io pianga," a song filled with sadness, fear and longing for
Rinaldo. Such emotion can be heard through long vibratos and the contrast of the high–pitched
vocals to the sporadic and soft string

Major Influences On German Baroque Music
1. One of the major influences on German Baroque music was the church and the other major
influence was the state. Germany at that time wasn't how it is now. Germany was composed of small
states and each of those small states had its own Court. In some rare cases it also had Court
Musicians.The composers salary depended on their status and if they had the support of a king or
prince.
2. Bach's music had different forms and styles that came together and were brought to perfection. He
brought baroque music to the peak of its development. He left 48 Preludes and Fugues. This meant
the keyboard would adopt a new equal temperament which made enabled all keys to be played
equally.
3. Baroque music then was slower and baroque music today is like

Who Is Luigi Boccherini?
Luigi Rodolfo Boccherini is an Italian composer that has around 500 published works. He was
married twice, and had seven children, all of whom would die before Luigi. This would put great
stress on the composer as he neared the end of his own life. He worked for many different masters
as a composer and performer. Notably, Boccherini worked for the Infante Don Luis, the Counts–
Dukes of Benavente–Osuna, and King of Prussia, Friedrich Wilhelm II("Asociación Luigi
Boccherini."). Luigi lived a long life, and was able to compose a variety of works in different
genres. Luigi Rodolfo Boccherini was born February 19, 1743 in the town of Lucca, Italy and died
May 28, 1805 in Madrid, Spain. Luigi was an Italian composer who played the cello and he is noted
to have affected the development of the string quartet as a music genre. Boccherini was the first
composer to write music for a quintet of string, a quintet of strings and a piano and has also
composed approximately 500 musical works, which include symphonies, concerti, and sacred
music. Boccherini wrote in a polyphonic style that was inspired by works of Giovanni da Palestrina
and Arcangelo Corelli. Luigi Rodolfo 's father, Leopoldo Boccherini, was a double–bass player, and
his brother Giovanni Gastoni Boccherini was a notable poet and dancer who wrote librettos. Luigi
was taught from an early age by a musical director at the local cathedral. At about 13 years of age,
he went to Rome to be educated by a renowned cellist

Baroque Music Research Paper
The baroque era was full of influential composers, who would travel all over Europe, hear each–
others music, and be influenced from all over the globe. Though music was suddenly more global,
differences in nations where still audible in the music (most obviously between France and Italy).
One of the era's most famous composers was Johann Sebastian Bach (1685–1750), a German
composer, organist, harpsichordist, violist and violinist (far left picture below). Born into one of the
greatest musical families of the times, and hailed as a "natural genius", Bach composed over 1,000
compositions in nearly every type of musical form. Though, in his later years, he faced harsh
criticism that his work was outdated (due to a new Italian style invading Germany as he wrote and
prepared some of his most important pieces), his legacy still lives on strong. Some of his most
popular works include "Air on a G String", "Double Violin Concerto" and the "Brandenburg
concerto No. 3". Another famous composer was the German British composer George Frederic
Handel (1685–1759)– middle picture below. Handel composed for every type of musical genre,
though he is most famous for his operas, oratorios, anthems and organ concertos. He is also credited
for creating the English oratorio. Handel turned blind at old age, but continued to compose.
Beethoven thought Handel to be the greatest of all his predecessors, and once said that "I would bare
my head and kneel at his grave". Some of Handles popular music

Compare and contrast two works from the same genre from...
Compare and contrast two works from the same genre which were written at least a generation or
half a century apart. Consider and explain similarities and differences with regard to musical style
and historical context. The Renaissance and Baroque era entailed very different characteristics, due
to the Renaissance composers writing more freely and being more individual then those of the
Baroque era where they followed more 'rules' and experimented less. This essay will show the
difference in two pieces by different composers, even though they were written less than a century
apart. Giovanni Gabrieli was an Italian composer born in 1554 and wrote many works in the 'in
between' stage of Renaissance and Baroque. He was a composer and ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The cello and organ provide the basso continuo, following the figured bass. The modulation in bar
10 to A major ends in a V7 – I, providing strength to the piece. This differs from Sonata pian'e forte
which is in the Dorian mode with lots of root position chords (bar 1 and 2) and suspensions (bar 3).
The melody is mostly stepwise and the tierce de Picarrdie in bar 4 gives a sense of balanced
phrasing. This is felt again in bar 8, due to the consonant 4th. The modal harmony in bar 13 creates
an imperfect cadence to mark the end of the A1 section. An interesting phrygian cadence (IVb – V)
is used in bar 16 leads into a short circle of 5ths (bar 17) and then a perfect cadence in F major with
a 4–3 suspension (bar 20). This 'busy–ness' before cadences was not uncommon, due to the very
expressive works that were composed in this era. Trio Sonata also uses engaging rhythms and
harmonies, for example, the 7–6 suspension in bar 9 and the hemiola before the perfect cadence in
bar 28. Corelli also uses an inverted tonic pedal in bar 15 to create a sense of strength and
anticipation before the start of the B section. "Unity of mood in Baroque is first conveyed by the
continuity of rhythm."3 This quote shows the importance of rhythm in the Baroque era, particularly
lively, driving

The Baroque Era Of Music Essay
The Baroque chamber orchestra, a type of ensemble today that can vary greatly from group to
group, is involved in a type of performance many musicians remain confused about. For a modern
musician, the confusion surrounding the Baroque style stems from a notion that spending time
learning a style of instrument that is no longer commonplace is something that is not worthwhile or
is even detrimental to a modern instrumental career. Much of this stems from the idea that the
romantic era of music is the most valid and academic form of music studied and performed. This has
to do with the intense exposure that classically trained musicians are given in the field of romantic
and modern era music.
Today it is very common for violinists to insist on playing the music of Bach, like the 6 sonatas and
partitas, romantically without consideration of the performance practices in the time the music was
written. The avoidance of authentic baroque performance being included in the modern
interpretation stems from the natural aversion modern players have to the "baroque sound." What
many people consider to be a baroque sound is one that sounds unpolished and underdeveloped,
most likely due to the lack of vibrato and varying bow and articulation techniques from today's
playing. When looking at baroque music that is commonly played on modern instruments, there is
no better example than the music of J.S. Bach. In the case of the 6 Sonatas and Partitas, today and
especially in the middle to late

Comparing The Pantheon And San Vitale
This paper will compare the architecture, history, art theme, religion and the location behind the two
buildings: The Pantheon, and San Vitale. Overview: The Pantheon was built in Rome, Italy during
the reign of Augustus (27 BCE – 14 CE). It is a religious building dedicated to all gods, which is the
meaning of its name. Almost 2000 years after it was built, its dome was the biggest largest dome
that did not need any reinforcement from steel. It is also the best preserved temple of the ancient
time. San Vitale was built in Ravenna, Italy during the reign of Justinian. It is one of the most
important examples of early Christian Byzantine churches. The construction began in 526 CE. It is
inscribed in UNESCO World Heritage List. History: The Pantheon went through many different
changes. It was first built by Marcus Agrippa, a Roman – statesman, general, and architect. The
Pantheon was part of a major complex Marcus Agrippa created called Campus Martius, having
consisted of the Baths of Agrippa, the Basilica of Neptune, and the Pantheon. The building's original
design by Agrippa was uncertain, excavations, however, have suggested that this building was
already circular (although probably open to the sky) and orientated in the same direction (Hannah,
and Magli, 487). Some say the original building of Agrippa was rectangular instead of round, and
faced the south, not the north (Lanciani, 480). The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The construction was initiated by Ecclesius, Bishop of Ravenna, after a trip to Byzantium with Pope
John in 525 AD. It was completed by the 27th Bishop of Ravenna, Maximian. Since the church's
construction began under Ecclesius and consecrated by Maximian, it lasted around two decades and
took place under four bishops, and two different political and religious regimes: Ostrogoth and
Arian, Byzantine and

The Influence of Three Iconic Eras in Music History

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