Scientific Method

Science, Scientific Methods and Mythologies By Belal E. Baaquie Department of Physics National University of Singapore

(Natural) Science ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

‘ Hard Sciences’ ,[object Object],[object Object]

Scientific Truth ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Scientific Hypothesis ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Empirical basis of Energy Conservation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Process of Hypothesis Testing

Scientific Method ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Scientific Methods in Physics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Reductionism ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Newton’s Mechanics: Reductionism ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Reductionism Works! ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Structuralism ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Black Holes and Superstrings ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Outside the Black Hole: Ordinary Matter Inside the Black Hole: Superstring states

Superstrings: Fundamental Postulate ,[object Object],[object Object]

Superstrings can exist only in 10-dimensional spacetime ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

How Long is the Superstring? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Black Hole Evaporation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

What is a Prediction? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Classical Particle in a Box : position is deterministic ,[object Object],Classical Description: Position of particle unique for all time ; on measuring its position it will be always found at say x 0 . x0

Quantum Uncertainty: Position of Particle in the box is Random ,[object Object],x P(x) Particle at rest is simultaneously everywhere in the box, since it has a finite probability P(x) of being found near all points x.

Statistical Ensemble ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Statistical Predictions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Universality Class: Collection of Systems ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Example: Protein Folding ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Re-formulation of Protein Folding ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

New Genre of Predictions ,[object Object],[object Object]

Laws for Systems of Biopolymers ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],# human cells~ 250; # genes ~ 30,000

‘ Universalism’ ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Reductionism, Structuralism and ‘Universalism’ ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Transdisciplinarity of Science ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

History of Scientific Methodology ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Metaphorical Reasoning ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Science against Mythology ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Myth and Meaning ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Science and Mythology ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Black Holes, Superstrings and After life ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Death Paradise

Interiority of Space and Inner Self ,[object Object],[object Object]

Myths as a Resource for Science ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Science: Going Beyond Empiricism ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Conclusions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

References ,[object Object],[object Object]

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