This document discusses various printing methods including etching, linocuts, screen printing, woodcut, lithography, letterpress, rotogravure, photocopying, laser printing, inkjet printing, and desktop publishing. For each method, it outlines the key steps in the process and notes advantages such as low cost, reusability, or image quality as well as disadvantages like time consumption, limited colors, or specialized equipment needs. The document provides an overview of the characteristics of different printing techniques.

1. Kara-lea foster

2. Method :Purple
Advantages: Green
Dis-advantages: Red
Other: Blue

3. Method: A metal plate is covered with a
waxy material( Drawing surface) which is
resistant to acid. The artist then scratches off
the wax with a pointed etching needle where
he or she wants a line to appear in the
finished piece, (so exposing the bare metal).
High precision
Low Cost Tools
Low Cost Design Changes
Time consuming
Types of etching:
1.Non-plasma based = uses spontaneous
reaction of appropriate reactive gas mixture.
2.Plasma based = uses radio frequency (RF)
power to drive chemical reaction.
(sometimes)Need for
specialized (expensive)
equipment

4. The linocuts are
tough and sturdy.
Lino has smooth
texture which can
easily be worked on.
Method: The linoleum is then aligned onto the lino
presser slider. Next a paper is also aligned on to the slider
and on top of the lino. A sheet is placed over the slider it
is sealed with the cover. Afterwards, the slider is rolled to
the presser where the handle is pulled to apply the
pressure where printing of lino is enabled.
It is bendy and tough which
enables it to be handled well
and can be cut into it easily.
It is difficult to get into detail
.e.g. faecal expressions.
Mistakes are
irreversible( you would
have to start again).
limited colour application(
not many colours per
picture), hard to clean/ get off
your hands.
After Pablo Picasso and Henri Matisse used
the technique to advantage in the
1950s, many other artists adopted linocut
art.

5. Method: Screen printing is a
printing technique that uses a woven
mesh to support an ink-blocking
stencil to receive a desired image.
The attached stencil forms open
areas of mesh that transfer ink or
other printable materials.
Screen printing is also a
stencil method of print
making ( in which a design is
imposed on a screen of
polyester or other fine mesh)
The screen printing
process allows us to print
images and text on a
variety of promotional or
personal items.
Images for screen printing
have to be simple in
design which can be
tricky. (reduced to definite
lines or shapes that will
print well).
Most hand-stencils are very
fragile and break down
faster than emulsion-based
processes.
The stencils can be
reused many times, they
can eventually become
warped and uneven.
In hand screen printing
procedures various colours
can be used effectively.( this
could make them look nicer)
As no heavy/big machines
and related tools are
used, the hand screen
printing requires a smaller
amount of space to install.

6. Method: Woodcut (occasionally
known as xylography) is a relief
printing artistic technique in
printmaking in which an image is
carved into the surface of a block
of wood, with the printing parts
remaining level with the surface
while the non-printing parts are
removed, usually with gouges. Good quality final image.
Shows that it has taken a lot
of hard work and
perseverance to get right.
Can be very time consuming.
Wastes a lot of material if
the design goes wrong.
If you are writing and
make a spelling mistake
there is no going back
and you will have to start
again.
If you can create
amazing art with the
woodcut technique you
could become sort after
because it is a dying
trade.

7. Method: Lithography is a
method of printing, originally
based on the principle that oil
and water do not mix.
Printing is from a stone
(limestone) or a metal plate
with a smooth surface.
Lithography requires less
effort than some other
printing processes such as
engraving.
Lithography is also a process
that is used to create posters
from an original artwork.
(lithographic reproduction).
These reproductions are less
expensive than an original
drawing or painting by an
artist and a larger audience
can buy and enjoy them.
Using
lithography,
many prints
can be made
from the
same
drawing.
The length of time is
another disadvantage (it
can be up to 40 hours just
for the drawing time).
The amounts of
lithographic prints
are limited.
The supplies are complex
and highly specialized; even
with the use of modern
machines, the process is
expensive.

9. Method : A worker composes and locks
movable type (usually individual letters or
punctuation) into the bed of a press, inks
it, and presses paper against it to transfer the
ink from the type which creates an
impression on the paper.
Letter printing can be very
slow and time consuming.
The first colours have to dry
before you can add more
onto each design.
Photographs and drawings must
be converted to engravings.
Letter pressing is straight
forward because they mainly
use just ink, paper and a
photopolymer plate.
It gives high quality hand
made products .
You can use letterpress
printing with virtually any
type of paper.
Later metal presses used a knuckle and
lever arrangement instead of the
screw, but the principle was the same .
This of made inking faster.

10. Method: Rotogravure (Gravure for
short) is a type of intaglio printing
process, which involves engraving
the image onto an image carrier In
gravure printing, the image is
engraved onto a cylinder.
it can take a long time to
engrave gravure cylinders.
High photographic quality.
Bright colours
can be used
Good, clear appearance.
High cost of materials .
Large machines
are needed.
Method cell size cell depth
Conventional uniform variable
"Two positive"
or "Lateral hard
dot"
variable variable
Direct transfer variable uniform

11. Method: Screen printing is a printing
technique that uses a woven mesh to
support an ink-blocking stencil to receive a
the image you want.
Images for screen printing have to be simple
in design and reduced to definite lines or
shape.( nothing complex)
Frames will eventually become
warped and uneven.
Most hand-stencils are very fragile
and break down quite fast.
Multi-colour Design Can be
Printed .
Less Floor Space Is Required: As no heavier
and bigger machines and related tools are
used in hand screen printing.
Suitable For Small Scale Production.
screen printing is used in many different
industries, including:
Balloons
Clothing
Decals
Medical devices
Snowboard graphics

13. The term photocopying is used to
refer to the act of making a
photographic copy of a document.
Step 1. Charging
Step 2. Exposure
Step 3 . Development
Step 4. Transfer
Step 5. Separation (detack)
Step 6. Fixing(fusing)
Step 7. Cleaning Laser printers used to be inaccessible to the
home user because of their price( the piece
has dropped slightly)
Printing cartridges are quite expensive for a
photocopying machine( also you would
need a toner cartridge).
Photocopiers can be quite quick
depending on the amount of colour in
the picture.
Some photocopiers can be very
bulky and cannot be kept in a
home.
You can reproduce a document as many
times as you wish with ease.
Photocopiers are same and
photocopying can be left alone.

14. Method: Laser printing is an electrostatic
digital-printing process that rapidly
produces high quality text and graphics by
passing a laser beam over a charged drum to
define a image.
Printing is quite fast.( depending
on how much you are printing)
You can have a laser printer at home.
Laser printers can print on their own
without needing to be watched.
laser printers use a large
amount of electricity to be run.
Laser printers cannot perform duplicate
printing functions and is a more costly unit
overall.
Laser printers are very delicate.
According to a recent study conducted in
Queensland, Australia, some printers emit sub-
micrometer particles which some suspect may be
associated with respiratory diseases.

15. Method: Inkjet printing is a type of
computer-printing that creates a digital
image by propelling droplets of ink onto
paper, plastic, or other materials.
They can print finer, smoother
details onto a material.
Inkjets have practically no
warm up time.
Lower cost per page.
Inkjet printers need frequent refilling.
Can be more fragile than
other printers.
Ink jet printers jets often clog
when changing
cartridges, causing a waste of
ink.
There are two main design
philosophies in inkjet head
design: fixed-head and
disposable head.

16. Method: Desktop publishing combines a
personal computer (WYSIWYG page)
layout software to create publication
documents on a computer for either
large scale publishing or small scale
local multifunction peripheral output
and distribution.
Publish easily and at no cost.
Good for new or small
businesses to use.
There is more control over the
layout on the publication.
There is a reduction in creativity.
There is a reduction in
creativity if you don’t know
how to use publisher properly.
Perfectionism can be a problem
because not everything you may
want to do could be an option on
the application.
Desktop publishers are often used to
produce
newspapers, magazines, newsletters
and leaflets.