The Prefrontal Cortex
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Location, functions and studies of the Prefrontal Cortex. Also an explanation of what happens if it is dysfunctional.
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Prefrontal cortex
The document summarizes research on the prefrontal cortex. It describes the prefrontal cortex as the region behind the forehead that is involved in abstract thinking, problem solving, emotion processing, and executive function. It then discusses several studies that demonstrate the role of the prefrontal cortex in personality, addiction, and associating symbols and numbers. Damage to the prefrontal cortex, as in the case of Phineas Gage, can impact social behavior and emotional control. Dysfunction in this region is also associated with mental disorders.
Prefrontal Cortex
The prefrontal cortex is located at the front of the brain in the frontal lobes. It is responsible for executive functions like decision making, problem solving, and social behavior. Studies have shown that the prefrontal cortex is activated when associating symbols with quantities, and that damage to this area affects moral reasoning and risk assessment. The prefrontal cortex becomes less active during creative improvisation compared to well-practiced tasks. Dysfunction in this region is linked to issues with social behavior, decision making, and conditions like schizophrenia.
prefrontal cortex
The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is located in the frontal lobes of the brain behind the forehead. It is involved in executive functions like decision making, creating strategies, focusing thoughts, learning, and social judgments. The PFC contains areas responsible for self-awareness, risk-taking behaviors, speech production, and integrating emotion and memory. Damage to the PFC can impact personality and the ability to discern appropriate behavior, potentially causing issues like paranoia, anxiety, or irritability.
Frontal lobe
This document discusses the anatomy, functions, and clinical presentations of lesions involving the frontal lobe, including the motor cortex, prefrontal cortex, and their roles in executive function, social behavior, language, and more. Specific tests are described to evaluate functions like motor control, language, problem-solving, and emotional regulation that are mediated by the frontal lobe. A variety of clinical syndromes can result from frontal lobe lesions depending on the location and extent of the damage.
The prefrontal cortex
The prefrontal cortex is located in the frontal lobes of the brain in front of the motor and pre-motor areas. It is involved in planning complex cognitive behaviors, personality expression, decision making, and moderating social behavior by orchestrating thoughts and actions to internal goals. Executive functions carried out by the prefrontal cortex include differentiating between conflicting thoughts, determining good versus bad options, working towards goals, predicting outcomes, and suppressing urges leading to socially unacceptable behavior. Broca's area, located in the inferior frontal gyrus, is involved in speech and language production.
Brain psychology
The central nervous system is made up of the brain and spinal cord. The brain processes sensory information and controls the body. It is made up of the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain. The forebrain includes the thalamus, hypothalamus, limbic system, and cerebrum. Each part of the brain controls different functions like vision, hearing, movement, emotion, and memory. The brain is divided into left and right hemispheres that control opposite sides of the body and specialize in different tasks. Various techniques like lesions, stimulation, EEG, CAT scans, PET scans, and MRI are used to study the functions of different brain areas.
Occipital lobe
The document describes the anatomy and functions of the occipital lobe. It discusses visual fields, visual processing areas like V1, V2 and V3, and various visual disorders that can result from lesions to different occipital areas. These include homonymous hemianopia from unilateral lesions and cortical blindness from bilateral lesions. It also describes visual agnosias like prosopagnosia, simultagnosia and Balint's syndrome that can occur from bilateral occipitotemporal lesions.
The Forebrain
The forebrain contains several important structures and is located at the front of the brain. It contains the limbic system, thalamus, hypothalamus, pituitary gland, basal ganglia, hippocampus, ventricles containing cerebrospinal fluid, and meninges. The limbic system controls behaviors like motivation and emotions. The thalamus acts as a relay for sensory information to and from the brain. The hypothalamus and pituitary gland regulate hormones that control eating, drinking, temperature, and stress levels. The hippocampus stores new memories.
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Prefrontal cortex
The document summarizes research on the prefrontal cortex. It describes the prefrontal cortex as the region behind the forehead that is involved in abstract thinking, problem solving, emotion processing, and executive function. It then discusses several studies that demonstrate the role of the prefrontal cortex in personality, addiction, and associating symbols and numbers. Damage to the prefrontal cortex, as in the case of Phineas Gage, can impact social behavior and emotional control. Dysfunction in this region is also associated with mental disorders.
Prefrontal Cortex
The prefrontal cortex is located at the front of the brain in the frontal lobes. It is responsible for executive functions like decision making, problem solving, and social behavior. Studies have shown that the prefrontal cortex is activated when associating symbols with quantities, and that damage to this area affects moral reasoning and risk assessment. The prefrontal cortex becomes less active during creative improvisation compared to well-practiced tasks. Dysfunction in this region is linked to issues with social behavior, decision making, and conditions like schizophrenia.
prefrontal cortex
The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is located in the frontal lobes of the brain behind the forehead. It is involved in executive functions like decision making, creating strategies, focusing thoughts, learning, and social judgments. The PFC contains areas responsible for self-awareness, risk-taking behaviors, speech production, and integrating emotion and memory. Damage to the PFC can impact personality and the ability to discern appropriate behavior, potentially causing issues like paranoia, anxiety, or irritability.
Frontal lobe
This document discusses the anatomy, functions, and clinical presentations of lesions involving the frontal lobe, including the motor cortex, prefrontal cortex, and their roles in executive function, social behavior, language, and more. Specific tests are described to evaluate functions like motor control, language, problem-solving, and emotional regulation that are mediated by the frontal lobe. A variety of clinical syndromes can result from frontal lobe lesions depending on the location and extent of the damage.
The prefrontal cortex
The prefrontal cortex is located in the frontal lobes of the brain in front of the motor and pre-motor areas. It is involved in planning complex cognitive behaviors, personality expression, decision making, and moderating social behavior by orchestrating thoughts and actions to internal goals. Executive functions carried out by the prefrontal cortex include differentiating between conflicting thoughts, determining good versus bad options, working towards goals, predicting outcomes, and suppressing urges leading to socially unacceptable behavior. Broca's area, located in the inferior frontal gyrus, is involved in speech and language production.
Brain psychology
The central nervous system is made up of the brain and spinal cord. The brain processes sensory information and controls the body. It is made up of the forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain. The forebrain includes the thalamus, hypothalamus, limbic system, and cerebrum. Each part of the brain controls different functions like vision, hearing, movement, emotion, and memory. The brain is divided into left and right hemispheres that control opposite sides of the body and specialize in different tasks. Various techniques like lesions, stimulation, EEG, CAT scans, PET scans, and MRI are used to study the functions of different brain areas.
Occipital lobe
The document describes the anatomy and functions of the occipital lobe. It discusses visual fields, visual processing areas like V1, V2 and V3, and various visual disorders that can result from lesions to different occipital areas. These include homonymous hemianopia from unilateral lesions and cortical blindness from bilateral lesions. It also describes visual agnosias like prosopagnosia, simultagnosia and Balint's syndrome that can occur from bilateral occipitotemporal lesions.
The Forebrain
The forebrain contains several important structures and is located at the front of the brain. It contains the limbic system, thalamus, hypothalamus, pituitary gland, basal ganglia, hippocampus, ventricles containing cerebrospinal fluid, and meninges. The limbic system controls behaviors like motivation and emotions. The thalamus acts as a relay for sensory information to and from the brain. The hypothalamus and pituitary gland regulate hormones that control eating, drinking, temperature, and stress levels. The hippocampus stores new memories.
Parietal Lobe SIgns 24_7_18
The parietal lobe is involved in sensory processing, spatial awareness, and motor coordination. Unilateral lesions can cause sensory deficits, visual field cuts, and neglect of the opposite side of space. Bilateral lesions are associated with Balint's syndrome of simultanagnosia, optic ataxia, and ocular apraxia. Dominant parietal lesions may induce Gerstmann syndrome, alexia, or conduction aphasia, while nondominant lesions can result in anosognosia, topographic disorientation, and blepharospasm.
Occipital lobe ppt
The occipital lobe is the visual processing center of the brain containing most of the visual cortex. It contains the primary visual cortex (V1) and several extrastriate areas involved in more complex visual tasks. Lesions can cause visual field defects, cortical blindness, visual agnosias or hallucinations depending on the location and extent of damage. Balint's syndrome and simultanagnosia involve bilateral lesions disrupting global visual perception while preserving local details.
Limbic System
Love you guys with my whole Limbic system...
Limbic System from where the main feelings comes... Here we go..
It got the main structures seen here along with some other related areas...
CONNECTIONS (Papez circuit simplified)
Different functions of Limbic system... Fear vs. Rage, sham rage, reward and punisment, hippocampus and memory related functions...
Some applied aspects are also covered...
THANK YOU
frontal lobe anatomy and clinical relevance
The frontal lobes are the largest lobes in the human brain. They are located at the front of the brain and are involved in motor function, problem-solving, emotion, and language. The frontal lobes contain several important areas including the primary motor cortex, premotor cortex, prefrontal cortex, and Broca's area. Damage to different parts of the frontal lobes can cause problems with movement, cognition, behavior, and speech depending on the location of the injury. The frontal lobes receive blood supply from the anterior and middle cerebral arteries and are organized into circuits that connect the cortex to the basal ganglia and thalamus.
Frontal lobe and its functions
The document discusses the anatomy and functions of different areas of the frontal lobe. It describes the primary motor cortex (area 4), premotor cortex (area 6), supplementary motor area (medial area 6), frontal eye fields (area 8), Broca's speech area (areas 44 and 45), orbital prefrontal cortex (areas 10 and 11), dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (areas 9, 10, 46). It provides details on the connections, functions, and effects of lesions for each area. Bedside tests are also described to assess functions localized to different frontal lobe regions.
Neuropsychology
The document discusses the nervous system and brain. It describes how neurons function using neurotransmitters and how the nervous system is divided into the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and peripheral nervous system. It then outlines the main parts and lobes of the brain, describing the functions of structures like the hypothalamus, amygdala, hippocampus, and cerebral cortex. It also discusses methods used to study the brain like lesions, imaging techniques, and genetics.
Functional anatomy of Frontal lobe
The document discusses the anatomy and functional areas of the frontal lobes, including the motor cortex, premotor cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, and their connections. It also examines frontal lobe circuits and the neurotransmitters that project to the frontal lobes. Common frontal lobe syndromes and deficits associated with lesions to different frontal areas are described.
Neuroanatomy of limbic system
The limbic system is a complex set of brain structures located deep within the brain. It includes the hippocampus, amygdala, hypothalamus, and other structures. The limbic system plays an important role in memory, emotion, learning, and autonomic functions. It has connections throughout the brain and acts as a gateway between the cerebral cortex and structures like the hypothalamus. Certain parts of the limbic system, like the hippocampus, are critical for forming and storing memories.
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The document provides information about the limbic system, including its physiological anatomy, functions, and role in emotions and motivation. It discusses the components of the limbic system, such as the hypothalamus, amygdala, hippocampus, and connections between structures like the Papez circuit. The limbic system is involved in regulating autonomic functions, feeding behavior, sexual behavior, maternal behavior, and generating emotional and motivational responses through connections with other brain regions. Certain structures like the amygdala and hippocampus are implicated in processing emotions and consolidating memories. Dysfunctions in neurotransmitter systems are theorized to underlie psychotic disorders like depression, mania, and schizophrenia.
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This document provides an overview of the cerebellum, including its external features, subdivisions, cytoarchitecture, connections, circuitry, development, blood supply, and functions. Key points include:
- The cerebellum is located in the posterior cranial fossa and is divided into hemispheres, vermis, and lobes.
- It contains three layers - molecular, Purkinje cell, and granular layers. Purkinje cells are the sole output.
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Frontal lobe - Anatomy, Functional areas briefly and Function tests in length with Psychiatric approach
Parietal lobe
The parietal lobe is located at the top of the brain and is involved in processing somatosensory information, spatial awareness, and language comprehension. It contains the primary somatosensory cortex and association areas important for functions like tactile perception, discrimination, localization, and stereognosis. Injuries or lesions to different areas of the parietal lobe can cause syndromes like Gerstmann's syndrome involving acalculia, finger agnosia, and right-left disorientation if the angular gyrus is affected. The supramarginal gyrus is involved in tasks like praxis, repetition, and constructional abilities.
Parietal lobe
The parietal lobe is strategically located between other lobes and has a greater variety of clinical manifestations than other parts of the brain. It is involved in somatosensory processing, spatial awareness, language, praxis, and more. Damage can cause syndromes like Gerstmann syndrome, apraxia, agraphia, acalculia, hemispatial neglect, and others, depending on whether the left or right lobe is affected. The parietal lobe works in conjunction with other brain regions to carry out its diverse functions.
Physiology of memory and learning
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The brain is formed of three main areas - the brain stem, cerebellum, and cerebral cortex. The brain stem controls autonomic functions and sensory/motor pathways. The cerebellum is responsible for balance, coordination, and cognitive functions. The cerebral cortex is divided into left and right hemispheres, with different functions localized to specific lobes and areas.
Frontal lobe
The document discusses the frontal lobe, which makes up about one third of the brain's area. It is the last region of the brain to fully develop. The frontal lobe is involved in functions like spontaneity, mood, problem solving, planning, inhibition, and social behavior. Damage to the frontal lobe can cause issues like decreased flexibility, initiative, inhibition, and emotional/personality changes. Tasks involving memory, planning, inhibition and voluntary control can reveal impairments from frontal lobe damage.
Limbic system
This document provides an overview of the limbic system. It discusses the historical aspects of defining the limbic system. It then describes the key components of the limbic system including the amygdala, hippocampus, hypothalamus, and connections between these structures like the Papez circuit. Finally, it discusses some clinical implications of the limbic system, focusing on temporal lobe epilepsy which can arise from damage to limbic structures like the hippocampus and amygdala.
Temporal lobe and its role in psychiatry
The temporal lobe is involved in processing sensory input, memory formation, language comprehension, and emotional processing. It contains structures like the hippocampus and amygdala that are important for memory and emotional associations. Disorders of the temporal lobe can cause problems like epilepsy, memory deficits, language issues like aphasia, and behavioral changes. Temporal lobe epilepsy is a common type of seizure originating in structures of the anteromedial temporal lobe. Bilateral damage to the amygdala and inferior temporal cortex can cause Klüver-Bucy syndrome characterized by changes in behavior and cognition. The temporal lobe also plays a key role in conditions like Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal dementia, and traumatic brain injury.
The Prefrontal Cortex
A brief description of the prefrontal cortex: its location, its function, a scientific study relating to the PFC and what happens when the PFC is damaged.
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The prefrontal cortex is located at the front of the brain behind the forehead. It plans complex problem solving by processing past experiences and current environments. It is responsible for advanced cognitive functions like planning, decision making, differentiating right from wrong, social behaviors, focus, learning, and attention. Case studies on Phineas Gage and an ultimatum game show damage to the prefrontal cortex can impact personality, emotional control, impulse control, and ability to consider moral dilemmas. Without a fully functional prefrontal cortex, people have trouble with advanced cognitive functions but basic functions remain.
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The parietal lobe is involved in sensory processing, spatial awareness, and motor coordination. Unilateral lesions can cause sensory deficits, visual field cuts, and neglect of the opposite side of space. Bilateral lesions are associated with Balint's syndrome of simultanagnosia, optic ataxia, and ocular apraxia. Dominant parietal lesions may induce Gerstmann syndrome, alexia, or conduction aphasia, while nondominant lesions can result in anosognosia, topographic disorientation, and blepharospasm.
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The occipital lobe is the visual processing center of the brain containing most of the visual cortex. It contains the primary visual cortex (V1) and several extrastriate areas involved in more complex visual tasks. Lesions can cause visual field defects, cortical blindness, visual agnosias or hallucinations depending on the location and extent of damage. Balint's syndrome and simultanagnosia involve bilateral lesions disrupting global visual perception while preserving local details.
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Love you guys with my whole Limbic system...
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It got the main structures seen here along with some other related areas...
CONNECTIONS (Papez circuit simplified)
Different functions of Limbic system... Fear vs. Rage, sham rage, reward and punisment, hippocampus and memory related functions...
Some applied aspects are also covered...
THANK YOU
frontal lobe anatomy and clinical relevance
The frontal lobes are the largest lobes in the human brain. They are located at the front of the brain and are involved in motor function, problem-solving, emotion, and language. The frontal lobes contain several important areas including the primary motor cortex, premotor cortex, prefrontal cortex, and Broca's area. Damage to different parts of the frontal lobes can cause problems with movement, cognition, behavior, and speech depending on the location of the injury. The frontal lobes receive blood supply from the anterior and middle cerebral arteries and are organized into circuits that connect the cortex to the basal ganglia and thalamus.
Frontal lobe and its functions
The document discusses the anatomy and functions of different areas of the frontal lobe. It describes the primary motor cortex (area 4), premotor cortex (area 6), supplementary motor area (medial area 6), frontal eye fields (area 8), Broca's speech area (areas 44 and 45), orbital prefrontal cortex (areas 10 and 11), dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (areas 9, 10, 46). It provides details on the connections, functions, and effects of lesions for each area. Bedside tests are also described to assess functions localized to different frontal lobe regions.
Neuropsychology
The document discusses the nervous system and brain. It describes how neurons function using neurotransmitters and how the nervous system is divided into the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and peripheral nervous system. It then outlines the main parts and lobes of the brain, describing the functions of structures like the hypothalamus, amygdala, hippocampus, and cerebral cortex. It also discusses methods used to study the brain like lesions, imaging techniques, and genetics.
Functional anatomy of Frontal lobe
The document discusses the anatomy and functional areas of the frontal lobes, including the motor cortex, premotor cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, and their connections. It also examines frontal lobe circuits and the neurotransmitters that project to the frontal lobes. Common frontal lobe syndromes and deficits associated with lesions to different frontal areas are described.
Neuroanatomy of limbic system
The limbic system is a complex set of brain structures located deep within the brain. It includes the hippocampus, amygdala, hypothalamus, and other structures. The limbic system plays an important role in memory, emotion, learning, and autonomic functions. It has connections throughout the brain and acts as a gateway between the cerebral cortex and structures like the hypothalamus. Certain parts of the limbic system, like the hippocampus, are critical for forming and storing memories.
LIMBIC SYSTEM
The document provides information about the limbic system, including its physiological anatomy, functions, and role in emotions and motivation. It discusses the components of the limbic system, such as the hypothalamus, amygdala, hippocampus, and connections between structures like the Papez circuit. The limbic system is involved in regulating autonomic functions, feeding behavior, sexual behavior, maternal behavior, and generating emotional and motivational responses through connections with other brain regions. Certain structures like the amygdala and hippocampus are implicated in processing emotions and consolidating memories. Dysfunctions in neurotransmitter systems are theorized to underlie psychotic disorders like depression, mania, and schizophrenia.
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The document discusses the structure and function of the human brain. It begins with an overview of the evolution of the brain from the reptilian to paleomammalian to neomammalian structures. It then describes the major parts of the brain including the brainstem, cerebellum, limbic system, and cerebral cortex. Specific areas that control functions like memory, emotion, movement, and the five senses are identified. The document also discusses brain plasticity and lateralization between the left and right hemispheres.
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This document provides an overview of the cerebellum, including its external features, subdivisions, cytoarchitecture, connections, circuitry, development, blood supply, and functions. Key points include:
- The cerebellum is located in the posterior cranial fossa and is divided into hemispheres, vermis, and lobes.
- It contains three layers - molecular, Purkinje cell, and granular layers. Purkinje cells are the sole output.
- Afferents include mossy and climbing fibers from the spinal cord, brainstem, and cortex. Efferents project to brainstem and thalamus.
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The parietal lobe is located at the top of the brain and is involved in processing somatosensory information, spatial awareness, and language comprehension. It contains the primary somatosensory cortex and association areas important for functions like tactile perception, discrimination, localization, and stereognosis. Injuries or lesions to different areas of the parietal lobe can cause syndromes like Gerstmann's syndrome involving acalculia, finger agnosia, and right-left disorientation if the angular gyrus is affected. The supramarginal gyrus is involved in tasks like praxis, repetition, and constructional abilities.
Parietal lobe
The parietal lobe is strategically located between other lobes and has a greater variety of clinical manifestations than other parts of the brain. It is involved in somatosensory processing, spatial awareness, language, praxis, and more. Damage can cause syndromes like Gerstmann syndrome, apraxia, agraphia, acalculia, hemispatial neglect, and others, depending on whether the left or right lobe is affected. The parietal lobe works in conjunction with other brain regions to carry out its diverse functions.
Physiology of memory and learning
Memory is the ability of the brain to store and recall information over time. There are four main types of memory: sensory memory (up to 0.5 seconds), short-term memory (minutes to hours), long-term memory (hours to years), and permanent memory. Information enters the brain and is either selected and stored in memory traces through processes like long-term potentiation, or neglected and forgotten. The hippocampus plays a key role in consolidating memories from short-term to long-term storage. Disorders like amnesia and Alzheimer's disease can impair memory formation and recall.
04 functional neuroanatomy
The brain is formed of three main areas - the brain stem, cerebellum, and cerebral cortex. The brain stem controls autonomic functions and sensory/motor pathways. The cerebellum is responsible for balance, coordination, and cognitive functions. The cerebral cortex is divided into left and right hemispheres, with different functions localized to specific lobes and areas.
Frontal lobe
The document discusses the frontal lobe, which makes up about one third of the brain's area. It is the last region of the brain to fully develop. The frontal lobe is involved in functions like spontaneity, mood, problem solving, planning, inhibition, and social behavior. Damage to the frontal lobe can cause issues like decreased flexibility, initiative, inhibition, and emotional/personality changes. Tasks involving memory, planning, inhibition and voluntary control can reveal impairments from frontal lobe damage.
Limbic system
This document provides an overview of the limbic system. It discusses the historical aspects of defining the limbic system. It then describes the key components of the limbic system including the amygdala, hippocampus, hypothalamus, and connections between these structures like the Papez circuit. Finally, it discusses some clinical implications of the limbic system, focusing on temporal lobe epilepsy which can arise from damage to limbic structures like the hippocampus and amygdala.
Temporal lobe and its role in psychiatry
The temporal lobe is involved in processing sensory input, memory formation, language comprehension, and emotional processing. It contains structures like the hippocampus and amygdala that are important for memory and emotional associations. Disorders of the temporal lobe can cause problems like epilepsy, memory deficits, language issues like aphasia, and behavioral changes. Temporal lobe epilepsy is a common type of seizure originating in structures of the anteromedial temporal lobe. Bilateral damage to the amygdala and inferior temporal cortex can cause Klüver-Bucy syndrome characterized by changes in behavior and cognition. The temporal lobe also plays a key role in conditions like Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal dementia, and traumatic brain injury.
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1. The cortex and basal ganglia play important roles in motor learning through changes in their neural networks. The cerebellum, thalamus, and motor cortex are involved in motor learning tasks.
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The Prefrontal Cortex
- 2. WHERE IS IT? It is located behind the forehead, in the frontal lobe of the brain
- 3. AND WHAT DOES IT DO…? Regulates short term and long term decision making Allows to plan ahead and make strategies
- 4. Enables to concentrate and learn It also controls intense emotions and impulses (So the prefrontal cortex gives us good judgement, controlling inappropriate behavior)
- 5. STUDIES ON THE PREFRONTAL CORTEX On 2010, one group in the University College London discovered a link between the size of one specific part of the prefrontal cortex and the ability of turning thoughts inward and reflecting upon one’s decisions. Here is the link of the study (in case you want to read further) https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/201 0/09/100916145047.htm
- 6. Another interesting study was one that took place in Iran. The aim of this study was to find out if the frontal lobe activity of chess players would differ from the frontal lobe activity of those who didn’t play chess. What researchers discovered is that chess players do not have any advantage in selective attention and inhibition. This study was completed in 2012. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/2 30573724_Frontal_Lobe_Function_in_Che ss_Players
- 7. And don’t forget the extraordinary case of Phineas Gage Phineas Gage had a terrible accident on 1848, when a metal rod crossed his head from the cheekbone to the top of his head. His frontal cortex got serious damage, which caused the loss of social inhibitions (Conscious or unconscious restraint of a behavioral process, desire, or impulse). These accident gave neurologists evidence that the frontal cortex was involved in personality and behavior. https://bigpictureeducation.com/brain-case- study-phineas-gage
- 9. A DYSFUNCTIONAL PREFRONTAL CORTEX According to a report published by Nature, damage to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (which is the area in charge of the expression of emotions) would lead to decision making not being influenced my emotional reactions.
- 10. An injury in the prefrontal cortex affects emotional control, therefore it can lead to an easily triggered aggressive behavior Severe behavioral problems (stealing, lying, no guilt or remorse felt, no response to punishments) No motivation felt