Pictograms, also known as pictographs, are symbols that represent ideas. Common types of pictograms include those for gender, warnings, facilities, and transportation. To create a Halloween-themed pictograph, one would need white and black cardboards, scissors, an artist's scalpel, glue, and rulers. The process involves drawing or printing images, combining different images, designing the pictograph layout, indicating white and black areas, and cutting out or drawing the image on black cardboard to produce the final pictograph.