educational ppt to learn the origins of cinema

1. The origins of
cinema
FROM THE OPTICAL TOYS TO THE SEVENTH ART

2. Sequenctial art
 Sequential art pre-dates comics by milenia, we
can find it in prehistoric art, in all art history and in
comics.
 It is a very useful tool to tell a story, and a
rudimentary way to show the passage of time.

3. The search of movement
in images
 This search has been a desire during millions of
years, only fullfil with the invention of cinema.
 Several previous inventions were needed to
reach the moment in which the cinema could be
developed.
 Retinal persistance
 The optical toys
 Chronophotography
 kinetoscope

4. Beta effect
The illusion of movement in motion pictures is now believed to
produced by the beta effect.
1. This effect occurs when two images whose elements are in slightly
different positions from each other are presented one after the
other in quick succession.
2. The brain then automatically perceives movement.

5. The optical toys
Many of these toys, dating especially from 18th
and
19th.
Century, where firstly made as scientific
amusements for adults and subsequently as toys for
children and grown-ups.
Lets look at some examples…

6. The magic lantern
 Lit by a variety of sources from
candles and kerosene lamps,
magic lanterns shine light out
through a lens and project it
onto a screen.
 They had beautifully hand-
painted glass slides inside
them,

7. The Thaumatrope
Watch the video

8. Zoetrope
It was a very popular toy in
the first part of the XIX
century.
It is a cylinder-
shaped toy with a
sequence of pictures on
its inner surface which,
when viewed through
the vertical slits spaced
regularly around it while the
toy is rotated, produce
an illusion of animation.

9. Praxinoscope
 It was an animation
device, the successor of
the zoetrope.
 It uses a strip of pictures
placed around the inner
surface of a spinning
cylinder.
 The praxinoscope
replaced zoetrope’s
narrow viewing slits with
an inner circle of mirrors.

10. Mutoscope
It was an early form of a motion-picture
device in which a series of photographs of
an action sequence are viewed in quick
succession, giving the impression of
movement.

11. Time-lapse photography
Eadweard
Muybridge's early
photographic
experiments laid
the foundation for
modern cinema,
with his study, The
Horse In
Motion (1882).

12.  It was designed for films to be viewed by one
individual at a time through
a peephole viewer window at the top of the
device.
 It was not a movie projector, but introduced
the basic approach that would become the
standard for all cinematic projections.
 It used a strip of perforated film bearing
sequential images over a light source with a
high-speed shutter.
Edison’s Kinetoscope

13. LUMIÈRE’S CINEMATOGRAPH
 It is a motion picture film camera,
which also serves as a film
projector. It was invented in the
1890s.
 They made their first film, Sortie
de l'usine Lumière de Lyon in
1895.
 The first commercial, public
screening
of cinematographic films
happened in Paris on 28
December 1895 and was
organized by the Lumière
brothers.

14. Pioneers. Georges Melié
 Georges Jean Méliès was born in Paris in 1861.
 He worked full time as a theatrical showman
whose performances revolved around magic and
illusionist techniques.
 Méliès’ principle contribution to cinema was the
combination of traditional theatrical elements to
motion pictures.
 If you want to learn more watch Hugo by Martin
Scorsese.

15. Pioneers. Emile Cohl
 He is considered the fathersof the Animated
Cartoon because of his film Fantasmagoríe.

16. Assigment
 First we are going to design a strip of
pictures for the praxinoscope in order to
rehearse creating the ilusion of movemet.

17. The whole class
together…
 We will design an “Exquisite corpse” using a
technique similar to the mutoscope.
 To do so:
 We will draw a simple image in the center of the
paper.
 Then we will outline it with black ink and trace it in
another blank paper.
 5 blank paper will be given to each of us and an
initial image and an ending image.
 Our duty is to draw the intermidiate steps that
allow to transform one image into the other .

18. Exquisite corpse