Animation is the rapid display of a sequence of images to create the illusion of movement, rooted in the phenomenon of persistence of vision. Historical examples of attempts at capturing motion in art date back to ancient cave paintings and Egyptian murals, while various devices like the zoetrope and praxinoscope were developed to enhance the experience of animation. The advent of cinematography marked a significant advancement in the field, allowing for more complex movement representation in film.

1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animation
(Lesson 1 – Definition of Animation)
(Lesson 2 – History of Animation)
Presented by Ms. Maricel C. Mallari
DPS-HS Computer III

2. is the rapid display of a
sequence of images of 2-D
or 3-D artwork or model
positions in order to create
an illusion of movement.
The effect is an optical
illusion of motion due to the
phenomenon of persistence
of vision

3. Early examples of
attempts to
capture the
phenomenon of
motion drawing
can be found in
paleolithic cave
paintings, where
animals are
depicted with
multiple legs in
superimposed
positions, clearly
attempting to
convey the
perception of
motion.

4. A 5,000 year old earthen bowl found in Iran in Shahr-i
Sokhta has five images of a goat painted along the sides.
This has been claimed to be an example of early
animation. However, since no equipment existed to show
the images in motion, such a series of images cannot be
called animation in a true sense of the word.

5. An Egyptian burial
chamber
mural, approximatel
y 4000 years
old, showing
wrestlers in action.
Even though this
may appear similar
to a series of
animation
drawings, there was
no way of viewing
the images in
motion. It
does, however, indi
cate the artist's
intention of
depicting motion.

6. A Chinese zoetrope-
type device had
been invented in
180 AD by the
inventor Ding
Huan (丁緩).
A zoetrope is a device
that produces an
illusion of action
from a rapid
succession of static
pictures. The term
zoetrope is from
the Greek words
"zoe", "life" and
τρόπος -
tropos, "turn". It
may be taken to
mean "wheel of
life".

7. The Phenakistoscope (also
spelled Phenakistiscope)
was an early animation
device that used the
persistence of vision
principle to create an
illusion of motion. The
phenakistoscope is the
precursor of the zoetrope.
The first part of the term
'phenakistoscope' comes
from the root Greek word
φενακίζειν -
phenakizein, meaning "to
deceive" or "to cheat", as
it deceives the eye by
making the pictures look
like an animation.

8. The Praxinoscope was an
animation device, the
successor to the zoetrope.
It was invented in France
in 1877 by Charles-Émile
Reynaud.
The Praxinoscope improved
on the zoetrope by
replacing its narrow
viewing slits with an
inner circle of
mirrors, placed so that
the reflections of the
pictures appeared more
or less stationary in
position as the wheel
turned

9. A flip book or flick book is a
book with a series of
pictures that vary
gradually from one page
to the next, so that when
the pages are turned
rapidly, the pictures
appear to animate by
simulating motion or
some other change.
John Barnes Linnett was a lithograph
printer based in
Birmingham, England. Although
the French Pierre-Hubert
Desvignes is generally credited
with being the inventor of the
flip book, Linnett was the first to
patent the invention, in
1868, under the name of
kineograph. Linnett died of
pneumonia. His wife sold the
patent to an American.

10. These devices produced the appearance of
movement from sequential drawings using
technological means, but animation did not really
develop much further until the advent of
Cinematography.
Cinematography (from Greek: kinema - κίνημα "movement" and
graphein - γράφειν "to record") is the making of lighting and camera
choices when recording photographic images for cinema. It is closely
related to the art of still photography. Many additional issues arise when
both the camera and elements of the scene may be in motion, though this
also greatly increases the creative possibilities of the process.
There is no single person who can be considered the
"creator" of film animation, as there were several
people working on projects which could be
considered animation at about the same time.

11. A Thaumatrope is a toy that was The invention of the
popular in Victorian times. A Thaumatrope is usually
disk or card with a picture on credited to either John
each side is attached to two
pieces of string. When the strings Ayrton Paris or Peter Mark
are twirled quickly between the Roget.
fingers the two pictures appear
to combine into a single image
due to persistence of vision.

12. Is the phenomenon of the eye by
which an afterimage is thought
to persist for approximately one
twenty-fifth of a second on the
retina.
An afterimage or ghost image or
image burn-in is an optical
illusion that refers to an image
continuing to appear in one's
vision after the exposure to the
original image has ceased.