Cavities are damaged areas in teeth that develop into holes caused by bacteria, frequent snacking on sugary foods and drinks, and poor oral hygiene. Gingivitis is a mild gum disease causing red, swollen gums that can lead to more serious gum disease if not treated promptly. Periodontitis is a serious gum infection destroying bone and risking tooth loss and other health issues like heart problems. Malocclusion refers to improper alignment of teeth between the upper and lower jaw that can impact biting, gums, speech, and appearance. Halitosis or bad breath has various potential causes like certain foods, health conditions and habits, and practicing good oral hygiene can help reduce its occurrence and risk of cavities