The OECD supports Habitat III and the New Urban Agenda through several policy agendas, including National Urban Policies, local leadership for inclusive growth in cities, urban governance, subnational finance and organisation, in addition to advancing global goals such as the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and COP21 through urban policies. For more information see www.oecd.org/gov/habitat-3-and-a-new-urban-agenda.htm
Policy Highlights from the publication Regional Outlook 2016, Productive Regions for Inclusive Societies. For more information see http://www.oecd.org/gov/oecd-regional-outlook-2016-9789264260245-en.htm
Regional Development Strategies in OECD CountriesOECD Governance
Presentation on "Regional Development Strategies in OECD Countries: Trends and tools" made at the workshop on Decentralisation and Territorial Reforms in Ukraine and in OECD Countries held in Kiev, Ukraine, by Ms. Maria-Varinia Michalun, Regional Development Policy Division, OECD
More information: www.oecd.org/regional/regional-policy/multi-levelgovernance.htm
Presentation on Rural-Urban Partnership for economic development made at the Habitat 3 conference held in Quito, Ecuador, 17-20 October 2016, by Joaquim Oliveir Martins, Head Regional Development Policy Division.
www.oecd.org/gov/regional-policy/
OECD Metropolitan Review of Rotterdam-The HagueOECD Governance
Presentation of the OECD Metropolitan Review of Rotterdam-the Hague launch in the Netherlands on 1 February 2016.
www.oecd.org/regional/regional-policy/
Northern Sparsely Populated Areas - OECD Report OECD Governance
The northern sparsely populated areas (NSPA) of Finland, Norway and Sweden are becoming increasingly important to the geopolitical and
economic interests of these countries and the European Union (EU). The NSPA regions are located on the periphery of Europe and are part of Europe’s gateway to the Arctic and eastern Russia.
A changing climate, access to hydrocarbon and mineral resources, and shifts in relations with Russia are changing the political and economic
landscape. The sustainable development of these regions is crucial to managing such strategic risks and opportunities.
The report sets out 179 policy recommendations at a cross-border, national and regional scale to enhance prosperity and wellbeing across the NSPA. For more inforamtion see www.oecd.org/gov/regional-policy/oecd-territorial-reviews-the-northern-sparsely-populated-areas-9789264268234-en.htm
National Prosperity Through Modern Rural Policy- 10th OECD Rural Conference, ...OECD Governance
This conference will mark the 10th meeting of the world’s leading policy officials, international experts and representatives from the private sector for discussing best practices for rural areas. This meeting will take stock of the evolution and progress made in rural development since the first conference held in 2002. For more information please see www.oecd.org/rural/rural-development-conference/
Well Being in Danish cities - measuring local well-being for policymakingOECD Governance
OECD presentation on Well Being in Danish Cities - Overview:
1. Why and how to measure well-being in cities
2. What are the city-regions in Denmark?
3. How do Danish city-regions fare in terms of people’s well-being?
4. How can well-being metrics be used for policy-making?
For more information, see the publication Well-being in Danish Cities http://www.oecd.org/gov/well-being-in-danish-cities-9789264265240-en.htm
OECD presentation on Land Value Capture Research, made at the Land Value Capture Research Symposium, at the Lincoln Institute of Land Policy, 15-17 August 2017, by Abel Schumann, Regional Development Policy Division, OECD.
More information at http://www.oecd.org/cfe/regional-policy/
Policy Highlights from the publication Regional Outlook 2016, Productive Regions for Inclusive Societies. For more information see http://www.oecd.org/gov/oecd-regional-outlook-2016-9789264260245-en.htm
Regional Development Strategies in OECD CountriesOECD Governance
Presentation on "Regional Development Strategies in OECD Countries: Trends and tools" made at the workshop on Decentralisation and Territorial Reforms in Ukraine and in OECD Countries held in Kiev, Ukraine, by Ms. Maria-Varinia Michalun, Regional Development Policy Division, OECD
More information: www.oecd.org/regional/regional-policy/multi-levelgovernance.htm
Presentation on Rural-Urban Partnership for economic development made at the Habitat 3 conference held in Quito, Ecuador, 17-20 October 2016, by Joaquim Oliveir Martins, Head Regional Development Policy Division.
www.oecd.org/gov/regional-policy/
OECD Metropolitan Review of Rotterdam-The HagueOECD Governance
Presentation of the OECD Metropolitan Review of Rotterdam-the Hague launch in the Netherlands on 1 February 2016.
www.oecd.org/regional/regional-policy/
Northern Sparsely Populated Areas - OECD Report OECD Governance
The northern sparsely populated areas (NSPA) of Finland, Norway and Sweden are becoming increasingly important to the geopolitical and
economic interests of these countries and the European Union (EU). The NSPA regions are located on the periphery of Europe and are part of Europe’s gateway to the Arctic and eastern Russia.
A changing climate, access to hydrocarbon and mineral resources, and shifts in relations with Russia are changing the political and economic
landscape. The sustainable development of these regions is crucial to managing such strategic risks and opportunities.
The report sets out 179 policy recommendations at a cross-border, national and regional scale to enhance prosperity and wellbeing across the NSPA. For more inforamtion see www.oecd.org/gov/regional-policy/oecd-territorial-reviews-the-northern-sparsely-populated-areas-9789264268234-en.htm
National Prosperity Through Modern Rural Policy- 10th OECD Rural Conference, ...OECD Governance
This conference will mark the 10th meeting of the world’s leading policy officials, international experts and representatives from the private sector for discussing best practices for rural areas. This meeting will take stock of the evolution and progress made in rural development since the first conference held in 2002. For more information please see www.oecd.org/rural/rural-development-conference/
Well Being in Danish cities - measuring local well-being for policymakingOECD Governance
OECD presentation on Well Being in Danish Cities - Overview:
1. Why and how to measure well-being in cities
2. What are the city-regions in Denmark?
3. How do Danish city-regions fare in terms of people’s well-being?
4. How can well-being metrics be used for policy-making?
For more information, see the publication Well-being in Danish Cities http://www.oecd.org/gov/well-being-in-danish-cities-9789264265240-en.htm
OECD presentation on Land Value Capture Research, made at the Land Value Capture Research Symposium, at the Lincoln Institute of Land Policy, 15-17 August 2017, by Abel Schumann, Regional Development Policy Division, OECD.
More information at http://www.oecd.org/cfe/regional-policy/
Northern Sparsely Populated Areas - Launch of OECD report, Brussels, 13 March...OECD Governance
Presentation at the launch of the report on Northern Sparsely Populated Areas at the Committee of the Regions, Brussels. For more information see: http://www.oecd.org/gov/regional-policy/oecd-territorial-reviews-the-northern-sparsely-populated-areas-9789264268234-en.htm
Subnational Capacities in a Multi-level ContextOECD Governance
Presentation on "Effective Public Investment: Subnational capacities in a multi-level context" at EU Economic Workshop: Fiscal policy and public investment for relaunching potential growth held in Brussels on 24 January 2017. Presentation by Dorotheé Allain-Dupré, Senior Project Manager, Public Investment and Multi-level Governance, OECD.
More information: www.oecd.org/regional/regional-policy/multi-levelgovernance.htm
OECD Regional Outlook 2016 - Presentation, Brussels, Belgium 11 October 2016OECD Governance
1. The document discusses productivity differences between regions in OECD countries, with a growing gap between the most productive "frontier" regions and less productive "lagging" regions.
2. It finds that while countries are converging in GDP per capita, regions within countries are diverging, with urban regions growing faster than rural areas.
3. The document advocates policies like structural reforms, public investments, and multi-level governance to help less productive "catching-up" regions increase productivity and reduce economic disparities between regions.
Resilient cities take diverse policy approaches to strengthen their resilience. The OECD report identifies 7 drivers of resilience: adaptive, robust, redundant, flexible, resourceful, integrated and inclusive. It provides examples of how cities like Tampere, Kobe, Lisbon and Toyama act adaptively based on lessons learned. Cities also pursue robustness through industrial diversification and reliable infrastructure. Having spare capacity for unexpected needs like Kobe demonstrates redundancy. Flexibility comes from long-term visions and entrepreneurship as in Cardiff, Ottawa and Kyoto. Being resourceful involves designating resilience units and fiscal autonomy as in New York and Yokohama. Collaboration across boundaries through multi-level governance and alliances promotes integration,
A city perspective for inclusive growthOECDregions
Presentation on A City Perspecitve for Inclusive Growth, made at Regional Studies Association Annual Conference, held in Dublin, Ireland on 4-7 June 2017, by Mr. Joaquim Oliveira Martins, Special Advisor to the Director, Centre for Entrepreneurship, SMEs, Local Development and Tourism
More information: http://www.oecd.org/cfe/regional-policy/
This document discusses the benefits of multi-level governance and provides examples from OECD countries. It finds that devolving spending to lower levels of government is common among OECD nations. Subnational governments play a key role in many policy areas. The document also examines reforms to improve coordination across different levels of government to maximize public investment. It proposes that the OECD provide guidance, tools, and support to strengthen capacities for decision-makers implementing macro-regional strategies like the EU Strategy for the Adriatic and Ionian Region.
Subnational Governments Around the World: Part III country profilesOECD Governance
Part III Country profiles: Subnational Governments Around the World is a joint OECD/United Cities and Local Government (UCLG) study presenting presents the main organisational and financial indicators related to subnational governments in 101 federal and unitary countries worldwide.
For more information see
http://www.oecd.org/gov/regional-policy/
Cities are critical to national economic growth and account for most of a country's population and output. However, cities also face significant policy challenges around issues like poverty, unemployment, pollution, and service provision. National governments need coherent urban policy frameworks to help cities achieve goals like growth, inclusion, and environmental sustainability. A diagnostic framework is proposed to assess the scope and coherence of existing national urban policies across different policy domains and support greater policy alignment between national and city-level initiatives. Cities matter greatly for economic progress, well-being, and environmental goals, but also contribute to problems like inequality, emissions, and uncontrolled urban sprawl that policies aim to mitigate.
How can productivity be shared and inclusive across space?OECDregions
Presentation on productivity gain across regions and cities, made at the OECD Global Forum on Productivity, held on 26-27 June 2017 in Budapest, Hungary. Presentaiton by Rudiger Ahrend, Head of OECD work on Urban Policy.
More information on regional development policy:
http://www.oecd.org/cfe/regional-policy/
Effective Public Investment at Subnational Level in Times of Fiscal ConstraintsOECD Governance
Presentation on "Effective public investment at subnational level in times of fiscal constraints" made at the Workshop on Ex-Ante Conditionalities in Cohesion Policies held on 29 November 2016, by Dorothée Allain-Dupré, Senior Project Manager, Public Investment and Multi-level Governance, Regional Development Policy Division, OECD.
More information: www.oecd.org/regional/regional-policy/multi-levelgovernance.htm
Presentation on "Promoting growth in all regions and the new rural policy 3.0" made at the Seminar on "Innovations and challenges in the management of a regional policy, held in Bratislava, Slovak Republic, 22 February 2017 Presentation by Enrique Garcilazo, Regional Development Policy Division, OECD.
More information: www.oecd.org/gov/regional-policy/innovations-and-challenges.htm.
- The OECD area has become more decentralised over the last two decades, with reforms profoundly changing fiscal decentralisation in some countries. Motivations for reforms vary and include both democratic and economic factors.
- Recent trends include changes to responsibilities, especially in education, transport, and health, as well as multi-level governance reforms involving institutions, public management, and territories.
- While decentralisation provides benefits like efficiency and democratic governance, it also risks inefficiencies and disparities if not implemented properly with adequate capacities, resources, coordination, and fiscal frameworks at subnational levels.
Presentation on OECD urban-related work by Rudiger Ahrend, Head of Urban Work, Regional Development Policy Division.
www.oecd.org/regional/regional-policy/urbandevelopment.htm
Subnational Governments Around the World: Parts I & IIOECD Governance
PART I - SYNTHESIS ANALYSIS & PART II - METHODOLOGY AND COUNTRY SAMPLE
Subnational Governments Around the World is a joint OECD/United Cities and Local Government (UCLG) study presenting presents the main organisational and financial indicators related to subnational governments in 101 federal and unitary countries worldwide.
A territorial approach to food securityOECDregions
Presentation on the OECD-FAO-UNCDF joint initiative on Food Security made at the Global Donor Platform Annual General Assembly (AGA), on 1-2 February 2017, by Stefano Marta, Rural Policy, Regional Development Policy Division, OECD.
More information at: http://www.oecd.org/cfe/regional-policy/
Fiscal relations across levels of government and regional disparitiesOECD Governance
This document summarizes research on the relationship between fiscal decentralization and regional disparities. The key findings are:
1) Tax decentralization and higher fiscal authority are associated with lower regional disparities, especially for lower income regions, by stimulating sub-national governments to implement more pro-growth policies.
2) Revenue decentralization and higher vertical fiscal imbalances are linked to higher regional disparities.
3) The impact of fiscal decentralization on disparities depends on factors like countries' levels of development and quality of government institutions. Decentralization seems to reduce disparities more in developed countries with higher-quality government.
Offical Development Assistance extended by local and regional governmentsOECDregions
Presentation on ODA extended by local and regional governments and emerging paradigms in DDC, made at the 5th Assises of Decentralised Cooperation “Regions and Cities for Development”,10-11 July 2017, in Brussels, Belgium, by Aziza Akmouch, Regional Development Policy, OECD.
More information: http://www.oecd.org/cfe/regional-policy/
OECD Regional Outlook 2016 and related researchOECD Governance
The document summarizes key points from the OECD Regional Outlook 2016 report and related research. It finds that simply compensating lagging regions does not promote development and creates dependency. Instead, place-based policies should focus on using regional assets, complementarities among sectoral policies, and multi-level governance. Productivity growth has diverged between frontier and other regions over time. Catching-up regions have stronger tradable sectors and structural change can boost productivity, but transitions may be costly. Effective regional policies require strategic investments across all regions, considering systems of cities and rural-urban linkages, with monitoring and evaluation of spending.
Presentation on "Multi level Governance of Regional Policy" made at the Seminar on "Innovations and challenges in the management of a regional policy, held in Bratislava, Slovak Republic, 22 February 2017? Presentation by Dorothée Allain-Dupré, Regional Development Policy Division, OECD.
More information: www.oecd.org/gov/regional-policy/innovations-and-challenges.htm
Presentation on mining regions and their cities made at the 11th Fennoscandian Exploration and Mining, held on 30 October to November 2017 in Levis, Lapland, Finland. Presenation by Chris McDonald, OECD Centre for Entrepreneurship, SMEs, Local Development and Tourism.
More information: http://www.oecd.org/cfe/regional-policy/mining-regions.htm
Quality Infrastructure Investment for Accountability, Legitimacy and Sustaina...OECD Governance
Presentation make by Shiho Sakai - Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, Japan - at the 2nd OECD Forum on Governance of Infrastructure, Paris, 20th March 2017. For more information see www.oecd.org/gov/oecd-forum-on-governance-of-infrastructure-2017.htm
Crowding in private financing to support a public vision for infrastructureOECD Governance
Presentation make by Iain BEGG, European Institute at the 2nd OECD Forum on Governance of Infrastructure, Paris, 20th March 2017. For more information see www.oecd.org/gov/oecd-forum-on-governance-of-infrastructure-2017.htm
Northern Sparsely Populated Areas - Launch of OECD report, Brussels, 13 March...OECD Governance
Presentation at the launch of the report on Northern Sparsely Populated Areas at the Committee of the Regions, Brussels. For more information see: http://www.oecd.org/gov/regional-policy/oecd-territorial-reviews-the-northern-sparsely-populated-areas-9789264268234-en.htm
Subnational Capacities in a Multi-level ContextOECD Governance
Presentation on "Effective Public Investment: Subnational capacities in a multi-level context" at EU Economic Workshop: Fiscal policy and public investment for relaunching potential growth held in Brussels on 24 January 2017. Presentation by Dorotheé Allain-Dupré, Senior Project Manager, Public Investment and Multi-level Governance, OECD.
More information: www.oecd.org/regional/regional-policy/multi-levelgovernance.htm
OECD Regional Outlook 2016 - Presentation, Brussels, Belgium 11 October 2016OECD Governance
1. The document discusses productivity differences between regions in OECD countries, with a growing gap between the most productive "frontier" regions and less productive "lagging" regions.
2. It finds that while countries are converging in GDP per capita, regions within countries are diverging, with urban regions growing faster than rural areas.
3. The document advocates policies like structural reforms, public investments, and multi-level governance to help less productive "catching-up" regions increase productivity and reduce economic disparities between regions.
Resilient cities take diverse policy approaches to strengthen their resilience. The OECD report identifies 7 drivers of resilience: adaptive, robust, redundant, flexible, resourceful, integrated and inclusive. It provides examples of how cities like Tampere, Kobe, Lisbon and Toyama act adaptively based on lessons learned. Cities also pursue robustness through industrial diversification and reliable infrastructure. Having spare capacity for unexpected needs like Kobe demonstrates redundancy. Flexibility comes from long-term visions and entrepreneurship as in Cardiff, Ottawa and Kyoto. Being resourceful involves designating resilience units and fiscal autonomy as in New York and Yokohama. Collaboration across boundaries through multi-level governance and alliances promotes integration,
A city perspective for inclusive growthOECDregions
Presentation on A City Perspecitve for Inclusive Growth, made at Regional Studies Association Annual Conference, held in Dublin, Ireland on 4-7 June 2017, by Mr. Joaquim Oliveira Martins, Special Advisor to the Director, Centre for Entrepreneurship, SMEs, Local Development and Tourism
More information: http://www.oecd.org/cfe/regional-policy/
This document discusses the benefits of multi-level governance and provides examples from OECD countries. It finds that devolving spending to lower levels of government is common among OECD nations. Subnational governments play a key role in many policy areas. The document also examines reforms to improve coordination across different levels of government to maximize public investment. It proposes that the OECD provide guidance, tools, and support to strengthen capacities for decision-makers implementing macro-regional strategies like the EU Strategy for the Adriatic and Ionian Region.
Subnational Governments Around the World: Part III country profilesOECD Governance
Part III Country profiles: Subnational Governments Around the World is a joint OECD/United Cities and Local Government (UCLG) study presenting presents the main organisational and financial indicators related to subnational governments in 101 federal and unitary countries worldwide.
For more information see
http://www.oecd.org/gov/regional-policy/
Cities are critical to national economic growth and account for most of a country's population and output. However, cities also face significant policy challenges around issues like poverty, unemployment, pollution, and service provision. National governments need coherent urban policy frameworks to help cities achieve goals like growth, inclusion, and environmental sustainability. A diagnostic framework is proposed to assess the scope and coherence of existing national urban policies across different policy domains and support greater policy alignment between national and city-level initiatives. Cities matter greatly for economic progress, well-being, and environmental goals, but also contribute to problems like inequality, emissions, and uncontrolled urban sprawl that policies aim to mitigate.
How can productivity be shared and inclusive across space?OECDregions
Presentation on productivity gain across regions and cities, made at the OECD Global Forum on Productivity, held on 26-27 June 2017 in Budapest, Hungary. Presentaiton by Rudiger Ahrend, Head of OECD work on Urban Policy.
More information on regional development policy:
http://www.oecd.org/cfe/regional-policy/
Effective Public Investment at Subnational Level in Times of Fiscal ConstraintsOECD Governance
Presentation on "Effective public investment at subnational level in times of fiscal constraints" made at the Workshop on Ex-Ante Conditionalities in Cohesion Policies held on 29 November 2016, by Dorothée Allain-Dupré, Senior Project Manager, Public Investment and Multi-level Governance, Regional Development Policy Division, OECD.
More information: www.oecd.org/regional/regional-policy/multi-levelgovernance.htm
Presentation on "Promoting growth in all regions and the new rural policy 3.0" made at the Seminar on "Innovations and challenges in the management of a regional policy, held in Bratislava, Slovak Republic, 22 February 2017 Presentation by Enrique Garcilazo, Regional Development Policy Division, OECD.
More information: www.oecd.org/gov/regional-policy/innovations-and-challenges.htm.
- The OECD area has become more decentralised over the last two decades, with reforms profoundly changing fiscal decentralisation in some countries. Motivations for reforms vary and include both democratic and economic factors.
- Recent trends include changes to responsibilities, especially in education, transport, and health, as well as multi-level governance reforms involving institutions, public management, and territories.
- While decentralisation provides benefits like efficiency and democratic governance, it also risks inefficiencies and disparities if not implemented properly with adequate capacities, resources, coordination, and fiscal frameworks at subnational levels.
Presentation on OECD urban-related work by Rudiger Ahrend, Head of Urban Work, Regional Development Policy Division.
www.oecd.org/regional/regional-policy/urbandevelopment.htm
Subnational Governments Around the World: Parts I & IIOECD Governance
PART I - SYNTHESIS ANALYSIS & PART II - METHODOLOGY AND COUNTRY SAMPLE
Subnational Governments Around the World is a joint OECD/United Cities and Local Government (UCLG) study presenting presents the main organisational and financial indicators related to subnational governments in 101 federal and unitary countries worldwide.
A territorial approach to food securityOECDregions
Presentation on the OECD-FAO-UNCDF joint initiative on Food Security made at the Global Donor Platform Annual General Assembly (AGA), on 1-2 February 2017, by Stefano Marta, Rural Policy, Regional Development Policy Division, OECD.
More information at: http://www.oecd.org/cfe/regional-policy/
Fiscal relations across levels of government and regional disparitiesOECD Governance
This document summarizes research on the relationship between fiscal decentralization and regional disparities. The key findings are:
1) Tax decentralization and higher fiscal authority are associated with lower regional disparities, especially for lower income regions, by stimulating sub-national governments to implement more pro-growth policies.
2) Revenue decentralization and higher vertical fiscal imbalances are linked to higher regional disparities.
3) The impact of fiscal decentralization on disparities depends on factors like countries' levels of development and quality of government institutions. Decentralization seems to reduce disparities more in developed countries with higher-quality government.
Offical Development Assistance extended by local and regional governmentsOECDregions
Presentation on ODA extended by local and regional governments and emerging paradigms in DDC, made at the 5th Assises of Decentralised Cooperation “Regions and Cities for Development”,10-11 July 2017, in Brussels, Belgium, by Aziza Akmouch, Regional Development Policy, OECD.
More information: http://www.oecd.org/cfe/regional-policy/
OECD Regional Outlook 2016 and related researchOECD Governance
The document summarizes key points from the OECD Regional Outlook 2016 report and related research. It finds that simply compensating lagging regions does not promote development and creates dependency. Instead, place-based policies should focus on using regional assets, complementarities among sectoral policies, and multi-level governance. Productivity growth has diverged between frontier and other regions over time. Catching-up regions have stronger tradable sectors and structural change can boost productivity, but transitions may be costly. Effective regional policies require strategic investments across all regions, considering systems of cities and rural-urban linkages, with monitoring and evaluation of spending.
Presentation on "Multi level Governance of Regional Policy" made at the Seminar on "Innovations and challenges in the management of a regional policy, held in Bratislava, Slovak Republic, 22 February 2017? Presentation by Dorothée Allain-Dupré, Regional Development Policy Division, OECD.
More information: www.oecd.org/gov/regional-policy/innovations-and-challenges.htm
Presentation on mining regions and their cities made at the 11th Fennoscandian Exploration and Mining, held on 30 October to November 2017 in Levis, Lapland, Finland. Presenation by Chris McDonald, OECD Centre for Entrepreneurship, SMEs, Local Development and Tourism.
More information: http://www.oecd.org/cfe/regional-policy/mining-regions.htm
Quality Infrastructure Investment for Accountability, Legitimacy and Sustaina...OECD Governance
Presentation make by Shiho Sakai - Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, Japan - at the 2nd OECD Forum on Governance of Infrastructure, Paris, 20th March 2017. For more information see www.oecd.org/gov/oecd-forum-on-governance-of-infrastructure-2017.htm
Crowding in private financing to support a public vision for infrastructureOECD Governance
Presentation make by Iain BEGG, European Institute at the 2nd OECD Forum on Governance of Infrastructure, Paris, 20th March 2017. For more information see www.oecd.org/gov/oecd-forum-on-governance-of-infrastructure-2017.htm
Making Infrastructure Deliver - Lessons from QuebecOECD Governance
Presentation make by Prof. Geneviève Cartier - Commission of Inquiry on the Awarding and Management of Public Contracts in the Construction Industry - at the 2nd OECD Forum on Governance of Infrastructure, Paris, 20th March 2017. For more information see www.oecd.org/gov/oecd-forum-on-governance-of-infrastructure-2017.htm
Implementing standards for sustainable infrastructure: the role of procurementOECD Governance
Presentation make by Alison Hoare - Senior research fellow, Energy, Environment and Resources, Chatham House - at the 2nd OECD Forum on Governance of Infrastructure, Paris, 20th March 2017. For more information see www.oecd.org/gov/oecd-forum-on-governance-of-infrastructure-2017.htm
Presentation make by Andres Rodríguez-Pose - LSE - at the 2nd OECD Forum on Governance of Infrastructure, Paris, 20th March 2017. For more information see www.oecd.org/gov/oecd-forum-on-governance-of-infrastructure-2017.htm
New developpments in the infrastructure space in OECD countries - Alain Desru...OECD Governance
Canada has announced a $187 billion, 12-year infrastructure plan to invest in public transit, green infrastructure, social infrastructure, small and remote communities, trade and transportation. The plan aims to meet demand, grow the middle class, and better position Canada's economy. Key initiatives include the Canada Infrastructure Bank, Smart Cities Challenge, and outcomes-based funding. The plan is complemented by $2 billion in annual funding to municipalities through the Gas Tax Fund, as well as over $91 billion in existing infrastructure programs managed with provinces, territories, and municipalities through 2028.
National urban policies aim to address challenges of urbanization at a national scale through coordinated efforts. A proposed universal framework recommends that by 2030, one-third of countries should have formulated, implemented, and evaluated national urban policies. Key elements of successful policies include empowering local governments, fostering multi-level cooperation, and improving investment and quality of life in cities. Open questions remain around comparing policies across different governance systems and monitoring progress while respecting local contexts.
This document provides background context on the International Guidelines on Urban and Territorial Planning. It discusses the objectives of providing a universal framework to guide urban policy reforms and planning approaches adapted to different contexts. The guidelines are intended to complement previous UN-Habitat guidelines on decentralization and access to basic services. The document outlines the scope of the guidelines in addressing planning at various scales from supranational to neighborhood levels. It also describes the multi-stage consultative process undertaken with experts and partners in developing the guidelines.
The international-dimension-of-european-urban-policyOECD Governance
Presentation on the inter
Open Days, Brussels, Belgium 6-9 October 2014, presentation on the international dimension of European urban policy by Ioannis Kaplanis, Economist (Urban Programme) Regional Development Policy Division
Presentation made at the 6th Asia Pacific Forum on 20 October, Jakarta, Indonesia by Tadashi Matsumoto, Project Manager, Green Growth/Knowledge Sharing Southeast Asia, OECD Regional Development Policy Division.
Post Habitat III and National Urban Policy at the OECDOECDregions
Presentation on OECD National Urban Policy made at the Presentation at the RIU on 26 January 2018, Bilbao, Spain. Presenation by Tadashi Matsumoto
More information: http://www.oecd.org/regional/regional-policy/national-urban-policies.htm
Undg report on dialogues on post 2015 implementation delivering the post 201...Dr Lendy Spires
This document summarizes the key discussions from several dialogues on opportunities for implementing a post-2015 development agenda at the national and local levels. The dialogues focused on strengthening capacities and institutions, localizing the agenda, participatory monitoring and accountability, partnerships with civil society and the private sector, and the role of culture in development. The main messages are that implementation will depend on actions at national and local levels, and that localizing the agenda, building strong partnerships, and strengthening capacities and accountability will be essential.
Undg report on dialogues on post 2015 implementation delivering the post 201...Dr Lendy Spires
This document summarizes the key discussions from several dialogues on opportunities for implementing a post-2015 development agenda at the national and local levels. The dialogues focused on strengthening capacities and institutions, localizing the agenda, participatory monitoring and accountability, partnerships with civil society and the private sector, and the role of culture in development. The main messages are that implementation will depend on actions at national and local levels, and that localizing the agenda, building strong partnerships, and strengthening capacities and accountability will be essential.
1. The document discusses a conference on how cities can better integrate migrants and promote co-development practices between local authorities. As more people move to cities, local governments are confronting the opportunities and challenges of migration.
2. It notes that while migration and development initiatives by local authorities exist globally, they often remain isolated. There is a need to structure cooperation between local authorities in different countries to jointly manage migration and exchange knowledge. Local authorities are on the front lines of impacts of migration through effects on labor markets and public services.
3. The conference aims to discuss partnerships and tools to increase knowledge sharing between local authorities, engage diaspora groups in co-development programs, and link migration and integration initiatives to local development
This document discusses measuring social inclusion in a global context. It summarizes the conclusions of a 2010 United Nations report on this topic.
The report finds that while social and economic development has progressed in recent decades, inequality and exclusion persist and are expanding in many areas. It argues that societies need tools to assess social challenges and address imbalances in a constructive way.
The report reviews international agreements on social development goals from the 1995 World Summit for Social Development and the 2000 Millennium Declaration. It emphasizes the importance of promoting social integration and inclusion to create safer, more stable societies and support sustainable development.
Measuring social inclusion is presented as a practical tool to evaluate policies and monitor progress on social goals. The report
1. Local administrations, especially cities, are on the frontlines of dealing with the transformations brought about by migration as over 9.3 billion people are expected to move to urban centers by 2030. Cities in both sending and receiving areas are shaped by diaspora groups and local governments are increasingly aware of the opportunities that international migration presents.
2. There is a need to move beyond isolated local migration and development initiatives towards more structured cooperation between cities in sending and receiving areas to jointly manage migration flows. Local governments have greater responsibilities for migration issues given their impacts are felt most strongly at the local level.
3. The session aims to discuss challenges local authorities face in co-development initiatives and identify tools and partnerships
The document proposes a single methodology for community-led local development (CLLD) across all EU structural funds for 2014-2020. The goals are to simplify and expand CLLD to encourage bottom-up, integrated local development strategies. Key aspects include local action groups composed of public and private stakeholders developing multi-sectoral strategies, and more flexibility to use multiple funds for local projects. This unified approach aims to better address local needs through community participation and ownership.
Presentation by Mr. Jani Moliis, Head of International Affairs, City of Helsinki
The 2nd OECD Roundtable on Cities and Regions for the SDGs was held at the World Conference Center in Bonn, Germany, on 9 December 2019, within the scope of the OECD programme on A Territorial Approach to the SDGs. The Roundtable brought together cities, regions, national governments, international organisations, private sector and other key stakeholders to identify trends and challenges in the localisation of the SDGs, including the experiences and key findings from the pilots of the programme.
The document discusses the city development strategy (CDS) planning process according to the World Bank. It describes the key phases and tools used in each phase. The phases include assessing the current situation, defining a vision for the future, identifying priority issues, building consensus, formulating strategies, and determining actions. Tools range from stakeholder consultations and SWOT analyses to project prioritization matrices and monitoring frameworks. The goal of the CDS process is to establish a strategic plan to guide a city's sustainable development through participatory and evidence-based decision making.
Intergrating volunteering in the next decade 10 year plan of action 2016 2025Dr Lendy Spires
This document outlines a proposed 10 Year Plan of Action from 2016-2025 to integrate volunteering into peace and development. It summarizes feedback from stakeholders identifying key areas of focus, including strengthening recognition of volunteering, the enabling environment, integration into policies, the evidence base, and expanding partnerships. The proposed overarching approaches are to enable people to contribute to their own development through volunteering, expand the evidence and research, strengthen accountability through civic engagement, and conduct advocacy to influence policies and resource allocation to support volunteering. Specific actions include developing a joint action plan, setting up advisory groups, conducting research and knowledge exchange, and maintaining an online platform.
This document analyzes conditions and obstacles to community-based local development in Ukraine. It finds that local governments are financially dependent on higher levels of government and lack oversight. Community interests are not well represented in development processes. However, community organizations can help improve local development when they prioritize problems, develop projects, and work with local governments and partners. International organizations like UNDP have supported this approach through various programs. The document reviews these programs and assesses experience to provide recommendations.
Citywide slum upgrading towards the implementation of the SDG 11.1 - Ms. Kerstin Sommer (Slum Upgrading Unit Leader Programme Manager PSUP) - Third Expert Meeting of the Regional Slum Upgrading Working Group (RSUWG) - 29th. of November to the 1st. of December 2015 in Laleh International Hotel, Tehran, I.R. of Iran
Quality strategic planning and strategy delivery is increasing in importance as a process and set of tools that guide the development of a municipality. In times when resources are tight, effective and efficient resource allocation is gaining even more importance. This publication will therefore suggest a practical four-stage process to strategic planning at the municipal level, including the setting up of effective structures for managing the strategy process (1), preparing a good strategic analysis of the municipality (2), strategy formulation (3) and strategy implementation (4). A key concept throughout this process is partnership: partnerships within the municipality, as well as with others outside the municipal building, with whom these four steps are undertaken together. Partnerships help make the municipal development process more transparent and accountable, thereby increasing the likelihood of the municipal development strategy to deliver the expected results and contribute to the improved quality of life of citizens.
Financing regional and local government investments: Case examples on ways to...OECD CFE
This is the presentation on Financing regional and local government investments: Case examples on ways to build the base for regional development and welfare, delivered by Antti Moisio, Economist and Policy Analyst at CFE/OECD, at the Joint seminar by OECD and Regional Development Office of the Deputy Prime Minister of Slovak Republic on January 30, 2020.
Similar to OECD, Habitat III and a New Urban Agenda (20)
The document discusses transparency and oversight of political party financing. It finds that financial contributions to political parties are not fully transparent and are still vulnerable to political and foreign influence. Additionally, financial reports from political parties are not always publicly available or submitted on time according to regulations.
Summary of the OECD expert meeting: Construction Risk Management in Infrastru...OECD Governance
Presented at the OECD expert meeting "Construction Risk Management in Infrastructure Procurement: The Loss of Appetite for Fixed-Price Contracts", held on 17 May 2023 at the OECD, Paris and online.
Using AI led assurance to deliver projects on time and on budget - D. Amratia...OECD Governance
Presented at the OECD expert meeting "Construction Risk Management in Infrastructure Procurement: The Loss of Appetite for Fixed-Price Contracts", held on 17 May 2023 at the OECD, Paris and online.
ECI in Sweden - A. Kadefors, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm (SE)OECD Governance
This document discusses different construction project delivery and payment models. It begins by outlining common delivery models like design-bid-build and design-build. It then explains different payment methods that can be used like fixed price, unit prices, and cost-reimbursable. The document also discusses pricing strategies and how they relate to risk transfer between parties. It provides details on collaborative models like early contractor involvement and discusses selecting the optimal contract based on a client's project risks, desired influence, and market conditions.
Building Client Capability to Deliver Megaprojects - J. Denicol, professor at...OECD Governance
Presented at the OECD expert meeting "Construction Risk Management in Infrastructure Procurement: The Loss of Appetite for Fixed-Price Contracts", held on 17 May 2023 at the OECD, Paris and online.
Procurement strategy in major infrastructure: The AS-IS and STEPS - D. Makovš...OECD Governance
Presented at the OECD expert meeting "Construction Risk Management in Infrastructure Procurement: The Loss of Appetite for Fixed-Price Contracts", held on 17 May 2023 at the OECD, Paris and online.
Procurement of major infrastructure projects 2017-22 - B. Hasselgren, Senior ...OECD Governance
Presented at the OECD expert meeting "Construction Risk Management in Infrastructure Procurement: The Loss of Appetite for Fixed-Price Contracts", held on 17 May 2023 at the OECD, Paris and online.
ECI Dutch Experience - A. Chao, Partner, Bird&Bird & J. de Koning, Head of Co...OECD Governance
This document discusses ECI Dutch experience with collaborative contracting. It mentions a McKinsey report from 2018 on collaborative contracting and recent developments in the field. Finally, it provides lessons learned from a project in Amsterdam called Bouwteam De Nieuwe Zijde Noord.
ECI in Sweden - A. Kadefors, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, StockholmOECD Governance
Presented at the OECD expert meeting "Construction Risk Management in Infrastructure Procurement: The Loss of Appetite for Fixed-Price Contracts", held on 17 May 2023 at the OECD, Paris and online.
EPEC's perception of market developments - E. Farquharson, Principal Adviser,...OECD Governance
Presented at the OECD expert meeting "Construction Risk Management in Infrastructure Procurement: The Loss of Appetite for Fixed-Price Contracts", held on 17 May 2023 at the OECD, Paris and online.
Geographical scope of the lines in Design and Build - B.Dupuis, Executive Dir...OECD Governance
Presented at the OECD expert meeting "Construction Risk Management in Infrastructure Procurement: The Loss of Appetite for Fixed-Price Contracts", held on 17 May 2023 at the OECD, Paris and online.
Executive Agency of the Dutch Ministry of Infrastructure and Water Management...OECD Governance
Presented at the OECD expert meeting "Construction Risk Management in Infrastructure Procurement: The Loss of Appetite for Fixed-Price Contracts", held on 17 May 2023 at the OECD, Paris and online.
Presentation of OECD Government at a Glance 2023OECD Governance
Paris, 30 June, 2023
Presentation by Elsa Pilichowski, Director for Public Governance, OECD.
The 2023 edition of Government at a Glance provides a comprehensive overview of public governance and public administration practices in OECD Member and partner countries. It includes indicators on trust in public institutions and satisfaction with public services, as well as evidence on good governance practices in areas such as the policy cycle, budgeting, procurement, infrastructure planning and delivery, regulatory governance, digital government and open government data. Finally, it provides information on what resources public institutions use and how they are managed, including public finances, public employment, and human resources management. Government at a Glance allows for cross-country comparisons and helps identify trends, best practices, and areas for improvement in the public sector.
See: https://www.oecd.org/publication/government-at-a-glance/2023/
The Protection and Promotion of Civic Space: Strengthening Alignment with Int...OECD Governance
Infographics from the OECD report "The Protection and Promotion of Civic Space Strengthening Alignment with International Standards and Guidance".
See: https://www.oecd.org/gov/the-protection-and-promotion-of-civic-space-d234e975-en.htm
OECD Publication "Building Financial Resilience
to Climate Impacts. A Framework for Governments to manage the risks of Losses and Damages.
Governments are facing significant climate-related risks from the expected increase in frequency and intensity of cyclones, floods, fires, and other climate-related extreme events. The report Building Financial Resilience to Climate Impacts: A Framework for Governments to Manage the Risks of Losses and Damages provides a strategic framework to help governments, particularly those in emerging market and developing economies, strengthen their capacity to manage the financial implications of climate-related risks. Published in December 2022.
OECD presentation "Strengthening climate and environmental considerations in infrastructure and budget appraisal tools"
by Margaux Lelong and Ana Maria Ruiz during the 9th Meeting of the OECD Paris Collaborative on Green Budgeting held on 17 and 18 of April 2023 in Paris.
OECD presentation "Building Financial Resilience to Climate Impacts. A Framework to Manage the Risks of Losses and Damages" by Andrew Blazey, Stéphane Jacobzone and Titouan Chassagne. Presented during the 9th Meeting of the OECD Paris Collaborative on Green Budgeting held on 17 and 18 of April 2023 in Paris
OECD Presentation "Financial reporting, sustainability information and assurance" by Peter Welch during the 5th Session during the 9th Meeting of the OECD Paris Collaborative on Green Budgeting held on 17 and 18 of April 2023 in Paris
This document summarizes developments in sovereign green bond markets. It discusses approaches to incorporating environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors into public debt management. Sovereign green bond issuance has grown significantly in both advanced and emerging economies since 2016. Green bonds make up the largest share of the labeled bond market. Major benefits of sovereign green bonds include their positive impact on creditworthiness and alignment with ESG policies. However, issuers also face challenges such as additional costs and complexity of the issuance process. Common leading practices emphasize transparency, collaboration, and commitment to reporting.
Jennifer Schaus and Associates hosts a complimentary webinar series on The FAR in 2024. Join the webinars on Wednesdays and Fridays at noon, eastern.
Recordings are on YouTube and the company website.
https://www.youtube.com/@jenniferschaus/videos
Preliminary findings _OECD field visits to ten regions in the TSI EU mining r...OECDregions
Preliminary findings from OECD field visits for the project: Enhancing EU Mining Regional Ecosystems to Support the Green Transition and Secure Mineral Raw Materials Supply.
About Potato, The scientific name of the plant is Solanum tuberosum (L).Christina Parmionova
The potato is a starchy root vegetable native to the Americas that is consumed as a staple food in many parts of the world. Potatoes are tubers of the plant Solanum tuberosum, a perennial in the nightshade family Solanaceae. Wild potato species can be found from the southern United States to southern Chile
Synopsis (short abstract) In December 2023, the UN General Assembly proclaimed 30 May as the International Day of Potato.
UN WOD 2024 will take us on a journey of discovery through the ocean's vastness, tapping into the wisdom and expertise of global policy-makers, scientists, managers, thought leaders, and artists to awaken new depths of understanding, compassion, collaboration and commitment for the ocean and all it sustains. The program will expand our perspectives and appreciation for our blue planet, build new foundations for our relationship to the ocean, and ignite a wave of action toward necessary change.
United Nations World Oceans Day 2024; June 8th " Awaken new dephts".Christina Parmionova
The program will expand our perspectives and appreciation for our blue planet, build new foundations for our relationship to the ocean, and ignite a wave of action toward necessary change.
The Antyodaya Saral Haryana Portal is a pioneering initiative by the Government of Haryana aimed at providing citizens with seamless access to a wide range of government services
Jennifer Schaus and Associates hosts a complimentary webinar series on The FAR in 2024. Join the webinars on Wednesdays and Fridays at noon, eastern.
Recordings are on YouTube and the company website.
https://www.youtube.com/@jenniferschaus/videos
A Guide to AI for Smarter Nonprofits - Dr. Cori Faklaris, UNC CharlotteCori Faklaris
Working with data is a challenge for many organizations. Nonprofits in particular may need to collect and analyze sensitive, incomplete, and/or biased historical data about people. In this talk, Dr. Cori Faklaris of UNC Charlotte provides an overview of current AI capabilities and weaknesses to consider when integrating current AI technologies into the data workflow. The talk is organized around three takeaways: (1) For better or sometimes worse, AI provides you with “infinite interns.” (2) Give people permission & guardrails to learn what works with these “interns” and what doesn’t. (3) Create a roadmap for adding in more AI to assist nonprofit work, along with strategies for bias mitigation.
This report explores the significance of border towns and spaces for strengthening responses to young people on the move. In particular it explores the linkages of young people to local service centres with the aim of further developing service, protection, and support strategies for migrant children in border areas across the region. The report is based on a small-scale fieldwork study in the border towns of Chipata and Katete in Zambia conducted in July 2023. Border towns and spaces provide a rich source of information about issues related to the informal or irregular movement of young people across borders, including smuggling and trafficking. They can help build a picture of the nature and scope of the type of movement young migrants undertake and also the forms of protection available to them. Border towns and spaces also provide a lens through which we can better understand the vulnerabilities of young people on the move and, critically, the strategies they use to navigate challenges and access support.
The findings in this report highlight some of the key factors shaping the experiences and vulnerabilities of young people on the move – particularly their proximity to border spaces and how this affects the risks that they face. The report describes strategies that young people on the move employ to remain below the radar of visibility to state and non-state actors due to fear of arrest, detention, and deportation while also trying to keep themselves safe and access support in border towns. These strategies of (in)visibility provide a way to protect themselves yet at the same time also heighten some of the risks young people face as their vulnerabilities are not always recognised by those who could offer support.
In this report we show that the realities and challenges of life and migration in this region and in Zambia need to be better understood for support to be strengthened and tuned to meet the specific needs of young people on the move. This includes understanding the role of state and non-state stakeholders, the impact of laws and policies and, critically, the experiences of the young people themselves. We provide recommendations for immediate action, recommendations for programming to support young people on the move in the two towns that would reduce risk for young people in this area, and recommendations for longer term policy advocacy.
Indira P.S Vs sub Collector Kochi - The settlement register is not a holy cow...
OECD, Habitat III and a New Urban Agenda
1.
2. F
rom rapid population increas-
es to population loss, cities
around the world are being
transformed, and challenged, by
unprecedented forces. With them come
complex and seemingly intractable issues
such as (sub)urban sprawl, deindustrial-
isation, climate change and growing in-
equality. Leaders at all levels of govern-
ment—local, regional and national, in the
developed and developing world—must
coordinate and deploy effective policies
to ensure that sustainability, resiliency
and opportunity for all are inherent to
these transformations. Today, more than
ever before, leaders have the possibility
and tools to shape the course of urbanisa-
tion, ensuring that it results in well-func-
tioning, sustainable cities. But this can
only be managed by governments that
are well prepared, with comprehensive
urban development frameworks in place.
Habitat III and the New Urban
Agenda
The New Urban Agenda is the outcome
document that is set to be agreed upon
at the Habitat III conference in Quito, Ecua-
dor. What is the New Urban Agenda? It
sets the framework for global efforts to-
wards achieving sustainable urban devel-
opment in the coming 20 years. It is also
envisaged to contribute to Sustainable De-
velopment Goal 11—making cities inclu-
sive, safe, resilient and sustainable—and
other sustainability goals in urban areas.
It is widely agreed that the adoption of
the document will be a milestone in the
history of human settlements all over the
world. To draft the Agenda, 200 experts
from around the world were designated,
working in ten policy units of 20 experts
each. These units each tackled specific
dimensions of the Agenda, producing output
documents which will become building
blocks of the New Urban Agenda.
The role of the OECD
The Organisation for Economic Co-op-
eration and Development (OECD) is a
unique forum where governments work
together to address the economic, social
and environmental challenges of global-
isation. The OECD provides a setting
where governments can compare policy
experiences, seek answers to common
problems, identify good practice and
work to co-ordinate domestic and inter-
national policies. While its 35 member
countries span the globe from North
and South America to Europe, Asia and
Oceania, the OECD also works closely
with emerging and developing econo-
mies in Africa, Asia, Latin America and
the Caribbean.
Managing Urban
Transformations...
The OECD has worked closely over
the years with the United Nations Human
Settlements Programme (UN-Habitat)
on urban development issues. Since Sep-
tember 2015, the OECD and UN-Habitat
worked with experts through two Expert
Group Meetings, one write-shop and ad-
ditional virtual meetings to produce the
outcome document, “Habitat III Policy
Paper 3 on National Urban Policy”. The
document outlines key policy consider-
ations for the design, implementation,
monitoring and evaluation of a National
Urban Policy. In addition to its co-lead-
ership role, experts from the OECD’s
Public Governance and Territorial Devel-
opment Directorate have participated in
Policy Units 4 (Urban Governance) and
8 (Urban Ecology and Resilience). The
OECD has participated in all the official
preparatory committee meetings, region-
al and thematic meetings, international
conferences and workshops to contribute
to the New Urban Agenda. Additionally,
during the 2016 UN General Assembly,
a high-level event hosted by the OECD
0,0
0,2
0,4
0,6
0,8
1,0
Non-OECD AsiaDeveloping Countries
Excluding Asia
Developed
Countries
2031-20502011-20301991-20101971-19901950-1970
BillionsofPeople
China
Growth of world urban population in absolute numbers of new urban dwellers, 1950 - 2050
Source: UNDESA Population Division (2012), World Urbanization Prospects: The 2011 Revision
Today, more than ever be-
fore, leaders have the possi-
bility and tools to shape the
course of urbanisation.
OECD: Putting Urban Policies at the Heart of the Agenda
3. Development Centre and UN-Habitat
highlighted the need for new mecha-
nisms to help governments in Africa
and their partners share information and
coordinate efforts towards implementing
the New Urban Agenda.
Building on experience
OECD’s Regional Development Pol-
icy Committee and its Working Party
on Urban Policy have long been at the
forefront of debates about national-level
urban policies. The Organisation has un-
dertaken five national-level urban policy
reviews (Chile, China, Korea, Mexico
and Poland), as well as dozens of themat-
ic studies and metropolitan reviews. In
addition, many OECD Committees are
incorporating territorial approaches in
their respective policy fields (see major
OECD publications on urban policies at
the end of this brochure). Through these
studies, the OECD has worked with
countries within and beyond the OECD
membership to improve the quality of
urban development.
OECD’s Local Economic and
Employment Development Programme
(LEED) is an interface between national
and local governments. It focuses on
local job creation, skills development,
social innovation, entrepreneurship,
leadership, economic development and
investment strategies, all of which are
the building blocks to sustainable urban
development. Since 2014, the OECD
Labour and Social Affairs Committee has
been working on the issue of good-qual-
ity affordable housing, key to SDG 11;
publications include a review of policies
in OECD countries, a review of Chile,
and the forthcoming on-line OECD
Affordable Housing database.
Through these efforts in different
parts of the house, the OECD demon-
strates the critical role that co-ordinated
policy making has in realising the aims
of the New Urban Agenda.
Key policy agendas
The OECD supports Habitat III and the
New Urban Agenda through several pol-
icy agendas, including National Urban
Policies, local leadership for inclusive
growth in cities, urban governance,
subnational finance and organisation,
in addition to advancing global goals
such as the Sustainable Development
Goals (SDGs) and COP21 through urban
policies.
National Urban Policies (NUP)
Over the years, the OECD has promoted
a National Urban Policy (NUP) approach
to harness the dynamics of urbanisation
across sectors and levels of government.
An NUP contributes a key building block
to the New Urban Agenda. The approach
works to align sectorial policies that
affect urban areas and to develop an en-
abling institutional environment. It does
not replace traditional urban policies, but
complements them in order to create an
overall, cross-cutting vision of the sys-
tems that integrate cities and regions in
the process of a country’s development.
A successful NUP should lead to
transformative outcomes in terms of how
different levels of government come to-
gether to design, implement, monitor and
evaluate policies for sustainable urbani-
sation. The goal of an NUP must be to:
• Strengthen the alignment of national
and local policies affecting urban devel-
opment;
• Empower local authorities and commu-
nities, grassroots organizations, social
and traditional leaders, women’s
movements and civil society at large;
• Promote shared urban dividends
throughout the territory and amongst
4. OECD: Putting Urban Policies at the Heart of the Agenda
different actors;
• Increase investment in urban areas by
improving the business environment;
• Strengthen linkages between urban and
rural areas;
• Foster co-operation and collaboration
across jurisdictions, for instance by over-
coming metropolitan fragmentation;
• Improve urban quality of life and
well-being.
National Urban Policy
Programme (NUPP)
The OECD, together with UN-Habi-
tat, Cities Alliance and other stakeholders,
will launch the National Urban Policy
Programme (NUPP) at Habitat III. This
is a multi-stakeholder programme to sup-
port countries’ efforts in advancing NUPs
and the New Urban Agenda. Its five main
pillars will be knowledge management,
capacity development, country advisory
services, monitoring, and stakeholder en-
gagement. The OECD will contribute to
the programme through evidence-based
policy assessments including National Ur-
ban Policy Reviews and State of Nation-
al Urban Policy reports, with statistical
resources through its OECD Metropoli-
tan and Sub-National Finance databases
(see below), with an OECD instrument (the
Council Recommendation on Effective
Public Investment Across Levels of Gov-
ernment), and finally through high-level
policy fora such as the 2nd International
Conference on National Urban Policies
(Paris, May 2017).
See: OECD National Urban Policy Reviews for
Poland (2011), Korea (2012), Chile (2013),
Mexico (2015), China (2015). Upcoming:
Kazakhstan, Vietnam
Inclusive growth in cities
As a response to the growing gap be-
tween the rich and the poor in countries
worldwide, the OECD launched the All
on Board for Inclusive Growth initiative
in 2012 to help governments analyse
rising inequalities, monitor material
living standards and broader well-being,
and design policy packages that promote
equity and growth. To operationalise
beyond administrative borders. Urban ar-
eas are socio-economic and environmen-
tal entities that go beyond historically
defined administrative borders. In certain
fields, such as transport, spatial planning
or water resources, governance structures
need to reflect realities and the require-
ments for the future rather than the past.
The OECD, in collaboration with the
EU, has developed a harmonised defini-
tion of urban areas as functional eco-
nomic units or Functional Urban Areas
(FUAs), consisting of densely populated
municipalities (urban cores) as well as
any adjacent municipalities with high de-
grees of economic integration with urban
cores, measured by travel-to-work flows.
This definition overcomes previous lim-
itations for international comparability
linked to administrative boundaries. The
definition is applied to 29 OECD coun-
tries (with the exception of Australia,
Iceland, Israel, New Zealand, Turkey and
Colombia), and it identifies 1,179 urban
areas of different sizes, ranging from 50
thousand inhabitants in Calera (Chile) to
over 34 million in Tokyo. FUAs permit
inclusive growth in cities worldwide, the
OECD launched the Inclusive Growth in
Cities (IGIC) Initiative in March 2016,
together with the Ford Foundation and
a number of other institutional partners.
Central to the IGIC initiative is the cre-
ation of a coalition of Champion Mayors
for Inclusive Growth, who now number
more than 50 worldwide. Champion
Mayors have committed to tackling in-
equalities and promoting more inclusive
economic growth in their city, country
and across the world. These local leaders
have already made a powerful commit-
ment to fight inequality by signing on
to the New York Proposal for Inclusive
Growth in Cities, and in November 2016,
they will reconvene in Paris to strengthen
these efforts by endorsing the Paris Ac-
tion Plan for Inclusive Growth in Cities.
See: New York Proposal for Inclusive
Growth in Cities; All on Board: Making
Inclusive Growth Happen (2015); The Pro-
ductivity-Inclusiveness Nexus (2016)
Urban governance
Achieving the New Urban Agenda
requires collaboration across all levels
of government, civil society, the private
sector and other relevant stakeholders in
the process of designing and implement-
ing NUPs. These policies should provide
institutional, and formal as well as in-
formal, frameworks for the mobilisation
and active participation of all relevant
actors, including at the local level. In the
same vein, horizontal, cross-sector policy
approaches need to be promoted in order
to exploit synergies for effective urban
policies. Housing and transport policies
are prominent candidates for high levels
of potential synergies.
Redefining cities - Functional
Urban Areas
Data on cities, as defined by their his-
torical borders, do not provide the tools
for future-oriented policy design. Nor do
they allow for meaningful comparisons
of experiences, thus limiting the benefits
of international dialogue. What’s more,
good metropolitan governance stretches
5. data collection at the right spatial scale,
a crucial step in establishing evidence
to inform decision makers and monitor
the performance of NUPs. In an effort
to support the New Urban Agenda, the
OECD is ready to help more countries
across the globe in “redefining cities”
with the FUA methodology.
Metropolitan Database
The OECD has developed the Met-
ropolitan Database which provides
internationally comparable data based on
the functional definition of cities (FUAs).
The OECD is prepared to support further
efforts in countries throughout the
world, working with them to compile
internationally comparable data on cities,
including on the various dimensions of
well-being of citizens.
See: OECD Metropolitan Database
Making cities work for all
Cities produce and attract highly educat-
ed workers and innovative employers.
But cities, especially the largest ones,
also concentrate inequalities, both in
income and in other well-being aspects,
that remain remarkably high in many
OECD economies. Addressing the
world’s growing inequality concerns in
cities should be a central concern of an
NUP.
The OECD has developed interna-
tionally comparable data on economic
growth, inequalities and well-being at
the city level in OECD countries. Such
data provides empirical evidence on how
cities are diverging from, or converging
with, other parts of the country, and of
the extent of inequality within cities.
The OECD is also looking at how
specific policy areas can better contrib-
ute to inclusive growth in cities, such
as housing quality and access. Across
OECD countries on average 15% of
low-income households live in over-
crowded dwellings and 14% do not
have access to an indoor flushing toilet.
Promoting access to good-quality afford-
able housing is an important objective of
housing policy in many OECD countries.
Data show that most OECD countries
support access to housing through a large
number of policy instruments.
The forthcoming OECD Affordable
Housing database will help measure ac-
cess to good-quality affordable housing
and strengthen the knowledge base for
policy evaluation. It will include indica-
tors on the housing market context; hous-
ing access, affordability and quality; and
policy instruments used by governments,
such as support for home buyers, housing
allowances, and social rental housing.
At Habitat III, the International
Transport Forum at the OECD (ITF) will
launch the report “Income inequality, so-
cial inclusion and mobility”, which links
transport with urban development and
housing. In charge of the International
Traffic Safety Data and Analysis Group,
it will also launch “Safer City Streets” at
Habitat III, a new group focused specifi-
cally on road safety challenges in cities.
Road traffic injuries are the leading
cause of death among young people aged
15–29 years, and the SDGs are explicitly
calling for action in this area.
The OECD is also developing a Lon-
gitudinal Study on Social and Emotional
Skills in Cities (LSEC), focusing on how
children and young people are building
the skills needed to cope with the chal-
lenges of complex urban environments.
Such skills are not only needed to thrive
individually, but also to strengthen social
cohesion in the fabric of urban life.
See: Making Cities Work for All, Data
and Actions for Inclusive Growth (2016);
Policies to Promote Acess to Good-quali-
ty Affordable Housing in OECD Coun-
tries (2016); Housing Policy in Chile: A
case study on two housing programmes
for low-income households (2016); Income
Inequality, Social Inclusion and Mobility
(2016).
Improving financial flows for
urban infrastructure investment
In many countries, fiscal constraints have
reduced the funds available for public
investment in infrastructure. This decline
has had a profound impact at the subna-
tional level. Nevertheless, metropolitan
areas have an array of opportunities for
improving financial flows, although tap-
ping into them can require new, innova-
tive approaches and robust collaborative
frameworks. Examples taken from many
OECD countries, such as Public-Private
Partnerships (PPPs), mechanisms for mu-
nicipalities to gain greater access to bor-
rowing, and pricing mechanisms in the
form of congestion charges, development
charges or parking fees, demonstrate
how innovative thinking, in tandem with
good governance, can provide access to
previously untapped sources of financing
to implement NUPs.
See: OECD Recommendation on Effective Public
Investment Across Levels of Government (2012)
Data on cities as defined
by their historical borders,
do not provide the tools
for future-oriented policy.
6. Financing cities in developing
and emerging economies
Fiscal constraints are even greater in
the rapidly urbanising world. Africa’s
urban population of about 472 million
today is expected to double by 2035.
The financing need for basic urban
infrastructure and services delivery in
sub-Saharan Africa is at least between 29
and 60 billion USD a year. In Southeast
Asia, although decentralisation reforms
have significantly increased own-source
revenues of cities, revenues have not
kept pace with infrastructure and other
financial needs, and many urban govern-
ments still depend to a very large extent
on fiscal transfers.
Cities in the process of rapid urban-
isation face untapped opportunities for
sustainable development by virtue of
their rapidly expanding populations and
flourishing economies. However, the
window of opportunity to put the right
policies in place, including financing, is
closing fast. Central governments have
a crucial role to play in creating and
enabling environments in which cities
can take innovative steps to raise their
own revenues and grant access to private
finance. The OECD supports these
countries through studies and policy di-
alogues, providing space for exchanging
best practices and lessons.
See: OECD African Economic Outlook
2016; Urban Green Growth in Dynamic Asia
But raising funds isn’t the only
challenge
Even when investment funding is
available, cities may lack the appropri-
ate governance arrangements to make
best use of it. Regional and municipal
governments undertake around 60% of
public investment and 40% worldwide.
Public investment in cities therefore
requires substantial co-ordination be-
tween regional and municipal govern-
ments to bridge gaps in information,
policy and fiscal matters. Collaboration
in the design and implementation of
investment projects is particularly rel-
evant in developing economies, where
investment in new infrastructure is
widespread.
In 2015, the OECD and the EU Com-
mittee of the Regions (CoR) conducted
a survey of subnational governments
(SNGs) in the European Union to assess
the challenges linked to infrastructure
investment. Coordination across munic-
ipalities, especially at the metropolitan
scale, was perceived as a significant chal-
lenge by most SNGs surveyed. Roughly
three-quarters reported the absence of
a joint investment strategy with neigh-
bouring cities or regions, as well as a
lack of incentives, including financial, to
cooperation across jurisdictions. Other
major challenges for better infrastructure
investment were a lack of coordination
between sectors, e.g. between transpor-
tation, housing, broadband, water and
spatial planning.
See: Recommendation on the Governance of
Public Investment Across Levels of Govern-
ment adopted by the Council of the OECD
in 2014; OECD Effective Public Investment
Toolkit
Subnational Government Structure
and Finance - facts and data
The OECD has developed a subnational
government database both at the OECD
level and worldwide along with accom-
panying publications. These contain
qualitative and quantitative facts and
macro-financial data on subnational gov-
ernment structure, responsibilities and fi-
nance (expenditure, investment, revenue
and debt). The recent study “Subnational
Government Around the World: Structure
and Finance (October, 2016), carried out
jointly by the OECD and UCLG, pres-
ents a cross-country synthesis and 101
country profiles. The 101 countries of the
sample account for 82% of the world’s
population, or close to 6 billion people
spread over the principle regional areas:
OECD: Putting Urban Policies at the Heart of the Agenda
Metropolitan areas have
opportunities for improving
financial flows, but tapping
into them requires new ap-
proaches and robust collab-
orative frameworks.
7. Africa, Latin America, North America,
Asia-Pacific, Eurasia and Middle East,
and West Asia. This study is a first
contribution to the Global Observatory
on Local Finances whose objective is to
monitor local finances and assess regions
and cities’ financial capacity to carry out
their responsibilities, and, beyond this, to
help all levels of government to address
possible fiscal gaps and design effective
and efficient development policies.
See: OECD (2016), Subnational Governments
in OECD countries: Key Data; Subnation-
al Government Structure and Finance
Database, OECD Regional Statistics; OECD/
UCLG Subnational Government Around the
World: Structure and Finance (2016)
Achieving global goals
The ratification of the Sustainable De-
velopment Goals, the COP21 agreement
and World Conference on Disaster Risk
Reduction in Sendai Japan, made 2015
a watershed year in the world’s commit-
ment to sustainability. Cities will play
a critical role in meeting these global
goals. The long service lifetime of infra-
structure means that decisions made to-
day will determine the extent and impact
of climate change and the vulnerability
or resilience of cities. Cities are both
concentrated producers of greenhouse
gases, while being particularly vulnera-
ble to the effects of climate change, in-
cluding extreme weather events that can
disrupt complex urban systems. Because
much of the world’s urban population
lives in low-lying coastal areas, partic-
ularly in Asia, urban populations must
also increasingly deal with the effects of
storm surges and rising sea levels. Nev-
ertheless, current levels of services and
water security cannot be taken for grant-
ed in developed OECD cities and action
is needed on three fronts: infrastructure,
institutions and information.
Cities have a unique ability to address
the challenges of global climate change.
Doing so must take place on two fronts:
reducing emission in line with the 1.5°
and 2° targets agreed to at the COP21
conference in late 2015, and adapting
cities to ensure the necessary resiliency.
At the same time, cities must address a
full range of issues directly bearing upon
the well-being of urban populations,
including income inequality and access
to services, in fulfilment of SDGs 3, 10
and 11.
On their own, cities can develop and
implement a wide range of policies in
support of global goals. Yet, much of the
action on the local level takes place in
the context of broader national frame-
works that can either empower or slow
down city-level action. This is because
national policies typically determine
what cities can do—their responsibilities
and their resources are largely defined by
legislation adopted at national or, in fed-
eral systems, intermediate levels. Also,
national policies affect the incentives that
cities have to act. Supportive national
policies and incentives are required to
ensure city-level initiatives have suffi-
cient resources and potential to effect
meaningful change.
See: “Regions and Cities Implementing
Global Agendas: A Policy Forum”, in OECD
Regional Outlook (2016); OECD Resilient
Cities studies; OECD Urban Green Growth
Studies; OECD work on Multilevel Governance
With the long service life-
time of infrastructure, to-
day’s decisions will deter-
mine the extent and impact
of climate change and the
vulnerability or
resilience of cities.
8. Major OECD Publications on Urban Policy
Metropolitan Reviews Urban Inclusiveness / Well-being
Green Growth Studies
Thematic Urban Studies
Public Investment / Subnational Finance
Development
National Urban Policies Urban Governance
Poland (2011);
Korea (2012);
Chile (2013);
Mexico (2015);
China (2015)
Governing the City
(2015);
Governance of Land
Use in Poland (2016);
Water Governance in
Cities (2016)
Guangdong (2010);
Chicago (2012);
Gauteng (2012);
Rotterdam-The Hague
(2015);
Valley de Mexico
(2015)
How’s Life in Your
Region? (2014);
Making Cities Work
for All (2016)
Compact City Policies
(2012);
Stockholm (2013);
Kitakyushu (2013);
Bangkok (2016)
Investing Together
(2013);
Subnational Gov-
ernments in OECD
Countries: Key Data
(2016)
African Economic
Outlook 2016:
Sustainable Cities and
Structural Transforma-
tion (2016)
Redefining Urban
(2012); Rural-Urban
Partnerships (2013);
The Competitiveness
of Global Port Cities
(2014); Metropolitan
Century (2015);
Shared Mobility for
Liveable Cities (2016)
Local Development / Skills
Local Economic
Leadership (2015);
Skills for Social Prog-
ress: The Power of
Social and Emotional
Skills (2015);
Montréal : Métropole
de talent - Job Cre-
ation and Local Eco-
nomic Development
2016 (forthcoming)
Illustrations:JeffFisher,copyright2016
Inclusive Growth
All on Board: Making
Inclusive Growth
Happen (2015);
The Productivity-
Inclusiveness Nexus
(2016)