The Occupation of Palestine
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1) The document summarizes the ongoing Palestinian conflict, noting that Palestinians have had their rights diminished as Israel has taken over 78% of historic Palestine since 1947 through violence and military force. 2) It discusses how the biased media contributes to the conflict by underreporting Palestinian deaths and Israeli violations of ceasefires. The 2009 Gaza attack is presented as a deliberate operation targeting civilians. 3) Solutions proposed include condemning Israel's collective punishment and war crimes through protests and political action, in order to achieve justice and a lasting peace.
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CAMBRIDGE A2 HISTORY: NAZISM
CAMBRIDGE A2 HISTORY:NAZISM. It contains: national socialism, the struggle for dominance, noble and creative Aryans, expansionism and war, persecution of Jews, terror, genocide and racial extermination, Nazism theory, Nazi party, Mein Kampf, the purge, identifying Nazism, preserving pure elements, Fichte, Volkskrieg, Riehl, Volkish nationalism, Bismarck, Hitler.
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Terrorism involves creating fear through violence to further political, religious, or ideological goals. It has ancient origins but the modern concept emerged during the French Revolution. Terrorism can take several forms including state-sponsored, dissent, religious, and criminal. Leading causes include ethno-nationalism, discrimination, religion, socio-economic factors, and political grievances. Common terrorist acts are hijackings, bombings, mass shootings, assassinations, and government takeovers. ISIS is a powerful and brutal terrorist group that has seized large areas of the Middle East and claimed responsibility for attacks worldwide.
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This document discusses terrorism, including defining it as the unlawful use of force against people or property to intimidate governments or populations for political goals. It outlines some terrorist groups like Al-Qaeda, causes of terrorism like religious extremism and poverty, and examples of terrorist attacks over the years such as in Mumbai, London, and Delhi. These attacks have social, political, and economic impacts. Prevention measures discussed include education, security, and unity. Government acts against terrorism are also mentioned.
Un peacekeeping force
The United Nations has historically engaged in three phases of peacekeeping: early observer missions beginning in 1948, a post-Cold War surge in the 1990s, and present-day operations. UN peacekeeping has evolved from traditional unarmed observer missions monitoring ceasefires to more robust Chapter VII operations permitted to use force to defend mandates and civilians. Currently, over 100,000 UN peacekeepers from 124 contributor countries are deployed globally in various operations focused on conflict prevention, stabilization, peace agreement implementation, and transition of states to stable governance. However, peacekeeping also faces limitations like constraints on use of force and shortages of resources.
Israel Palestine Conflict & History
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Contents :
- Introduction
- Conflict Mapping
- Timeline of Conflict
- Statistics
- Understanding the Conflict
- Resolution
Subscribe on YouTube - https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCnSp_MjvR1ihLcSFDCfCbOg
Follow on Instagram - https://instagram.com/masroorbaig/
Catch up on Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/MasroorBaig1996
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The document summarizes the history of the Palestine-Israel conflict over land claims since 1947. It describes the UN partition of Palestine that year into Jewish and Arab states, the subsequent war, and Israel's capture of additional territory in 1967. It outlines failed peace efforts like the Oslo Accords and ongoing issues around permanent borders, Palestinian refugees, and control of Jerusalem that have prevented a resolution. The conflict has involved military actions, uprisings, ongoing security issues and stalled negotiations over settlements and other divisive problems. Both sides will need to make major compromises regarding borders, refugees, holy sites and mutual recognition to achieve a lasting peace agreement.
CSS International Relations 2 Notes
I. International Relation between two Wars
Russian Revolution, Fascism, League of Nations, Second World War
II. Cold War
Decolonization in Asia and Africa.
Rise of United States and Soviet Union,
Era of Tight Bipolarity, Détente and Loose Bipolarity, Revival of Cold War
III. Post Cold War
End of History, Clash of Civilization, Terrorism, Globalization, unipolarity New
world Order
IV. International and Regional Organizations
League of Nation, United Nations, Regional Organizations, EU, ASEAN, NAFTA,
SAARC, SCO, OIC, ECO, WTO.
Reforms in the United Nations, World Bank and the IMF
V. Foreign Policy of Selected Countries
USA, Russia, China, UK, India, Pakistan and EU
VI. South Asia
Peace-making and Peace-Building in South Asia: Analytical overview of peace
processes between/among the states of South Asia especially between India and
Pakistan.
India and Pakistan: Overview of agreements and accords, Indus Water Treaty;
Composite Dialogue; Sir Creek & Siachen border, Visa and People to people
contact; Trade; and Role of civil society
Afghanistan: Cold war theatre; Soviet Invasion Mujahedeen; Geneva Accord; Post
Cold War situation---Rise of Taliban, AL-Qeada & 9/11; Operation Enduring
Freedom; The Bonn Process- Withdrawal
95
Revised Scheme and Syllabus for CSS Competitive Examination-2016
VII. Weapons of Mass Destruction
Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons
Nuclear Weapon States- Programs and Postures: Indian-Pakistan Nuclear
Doctrines
Nuclear Non –Proliferation Regime: International Atomic Energy Agency, Nuclear
Non- proliferation Treaty; Nuclear Supplier Group; Partial Test Ban Treaty;
Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty; Fissile Material Cut-off Treaty
Challenges of Non-Proliferation, Nuclear Civil Deal Regime
The Missile Defence Systems and their impact on global strategic environment
Militarization and Weaponization of Space.
VIII. Contemporary Issues
Indian Ocean and PACIFIC Ocean; Great Powers Moves and hegemony
Kashmir Issue
Palestine Issue
Non state Actors
Non-state actors are individuals or organizations that have influence at a national or international level but do not belong to any state. There are three main types of non-state actors: sub-state actors like trade unions that influence domestic policy; intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) like the UN and WTO that coordinate policies between states; and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) like Amnesty International that advocate for issues and influence state and IGO policies. While states remain important actors, non-state actors have increasing power in international relations as globalization continues.
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Terrorism- An International Problem
Terrorism involves creating fear through violence to further political, religious, or ideological goals. It has ancient origins but the modern concept emerged during the French Revolution. Terrorism can take several forms including state-sponsored, dissent, religious, and criminal. Leading causes include ethno-nationalism, discrimination, religion, socio-economic factors, and political grievances. Common terrorist acts are hijackings, bombings, mass shootings, assassinations, and government takeovers. ISIS is a powerful and brutal terrorist group that has seized large areas of the Middle East and claimed responsibility for attacks worldwide.
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This document discusses terrorism, including defining it as the unlawful use of force against people or property to intimidate governments or populations for political goals. It outlines some terrorist groups like Al-Qaeda, causes of terrorism like religious extremism and poverty, and examples of terrorist attacks over the years such as in Mumbai, London, and Delhi. These attacks have social, political, and economic impacts. Prevention measures discussed include education, security, and unity. Government acts against terrorism are also mentioned.
Un peacekeeping force
The United Nations has historically engaged in three phases of peacekeeping: early observer missions beginning in 1948, a post-Cold War surge in the 1990s, and present-day operations. UN peacekeeping has evolved from traditional unarmed observer missions monitoring ceasefires to more robust Chapter VII operations permitted to use force to defend mandates and civilians. Currently, over 100,000 UN peacekeepers from 124 contributor countries are deployed globally in various operations focused on conflict prevention, stabilization, peace agreement implementation, and transition of states to stable governance. However, peacekeeping also faces limitations like constraints on use of force and shortages of resources.
Israel Palestine Conflict & History
'Israel-Palestine Conflict' is an ongoing conflict since the mid-20th century which has still not attained any settlement between the parties involved, it is also the conflict which has attracted lots of public opinions around the world with celebrities taking sides, public protesting around the world showing their support, foreign governments sending aids and condolences for the losses suffered, while the U.N and U.S trying to broker peace agreement between the masses which has seemed to fail each and every time! So I would like to highlight this never-ending conflict and come up with a resolution to this problem through this presentation.
Contents :
- Introduction
- Conflict Mapping
- Timeline of Conflict
- Statistics
- Understanding the Conflict
- Resolution
Subscribe on YouTube - https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCnSp_MjvR1ihLcSFDCfCbOg
Follow on Instagram - https://instagram.com/masroorbaig/
Catch up on Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/MasroorBaig1996
Palestine Israel Conflict
The document summarizes the history of the Palestine-Israel conflict over land claims since 1947. It describes the UN partition of Palestine that year into Jewish and Arab states, the subsequent war, and Israel's capture of additional territory in 1967. It outlines failed peace efforts like the Oslo Accords and ongoing issues around permanent borders, Palestinian refugees, and control of Jerusalem that have prevented a resolution. The conflict has involved military actions, uprisings, ongoing security issues and stalled negotiations over settlements and other divisive problems. Both sides will need to make major compromises regarding borders, refugees, holy sites and mutual recognition to achieve a lasting peace agreement.
CSS International Relations 2 Notes
I. International Relation between two Wars
Russian Revolution, Fascism, League of Nations, Second World War
II. Cold War
Decolonization in Asia and Africa.
Rise of United States and Soviet Union,
Era of Tight Bipolarity, Détente and Loose Bipolarity, Revival of Cold War
III. Post Cold War
End of History, Clash of Civilization, Terrorism, Globalization, unipolarity New
world Order
IV. International and Regional Organizations
League of Nation, United Nations, Regional Organizations, EU, ASEAN, NAFTA,
SAARC, SCO, OIC, ECO, WTO.
Reforms in the United Nations, World Bank and the IMF
V. Foreign Policy of Selected Countries
USA, Russia, China, UK, India, Pakistan and EU
VI. South Asia
Peace-making and Peace-Building in South Asia: Analytical overview of peace
processes between/among the states of South Asia especially between India and
Pakistan.
India and Pakistan: Overview of agreements and accords, Indus Water Treaty;
Composite Dialogue; Sir Creek & Siachen border, Visa and People to people
contact; Trade; and Role of civil society
Afghanistan: Cold war theatre; Soviet Invasion Mujahedeen; Geneva Accord; Post
Cold War situation---Rise of Taliban, AL-Qeada & 9/11; Operation Enduring
Freedom; The Bonn Process- Withdrawal
95
Revised Scheme and Syllabus for CSS Competitive Examination-2016
VII. Weapons of Mass Destruction
Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons
Nuclear Weapon States- Programs and Postures: Indian-Pakistan Nuclear
Doctrines
Nuclear Non –Proliferation Regime: International Atomic Energy Agency, Nuclear
Non- proliferation Treaty; Nuclear Supplier Group; Partial Test Ban Treaty;
Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty; Fissile Material Cut-off Treaty
Challenges of Non-Proliferation, Nuclear Civil Deal Regime
The Missile Defence Systems and their impact on global strategic environment
Militarization and Weaponization of Space.
VIII. Contemporary Issues
Indian Ocean and PACIFIC Ocean; Great Powers Moves and hegemony
Kashmir Issue
Palestine Issue
Non state Actors
Non-state actors are individuals or organizations that have influence at a national or international level but do not belong to any state. There are three main types of non-state actors: sub-state actors like trade unions that influence domestic policy; intergovernmental organizations (IGOs) like the UN and WTO that coordinate policies between states; and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) like Amnesty International that advocate for issues and influence state and IGO policies. While states remain important actors, non-state actors have increasing power in international relations as globalization continues.
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3) The conflict has potential to escalate into a major war between nuclear-armed powers, with leaders on both sides making threats of military action.
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The document discusses reforms needed for the United Nations. It suggests allowing Germany and Japan to join the UN Security Council as permanent members to make decisions more efficient. It also recommends imposing new rules around the use of vetoes, punishing countries that violate UN resolutions, and increasing oversight of vetoes. The document argues that these reforms would help the UN regain legitimacy and respect.
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2) They have parallel experiences with imperial decline in the 19th century and revolutions in the early 20th century.
3) Currently, they share geopolitical interests in opposing US unilateralism and hegemony.
4) Economic cooperation has increased but remains asymmetrical, with Russia exporting energy and arms and China exporting manufactured goods.
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- Palestine is located on the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea, bordering Jordan, Syria, Lebanon, and Egypt. The River Jordan runs through part of the territory.
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Politics of Human Right
This document discusses how the concept of human rights challenges state sovereignty in international relations. It provides examples from the 1990s onward of how international human rights law has continued developing, such as the establishment of international criminal courts and rulings that former heads of state can be prosecuted for human rights abuses. Mass migration across borders is also discussed as a challenge to sovereignty. The document explores debates around addressing issues like refugees and balancing human rights, border control, and cultural values.
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Here's the explanation about what's going on between Azerbaijan and Armenia. The two European countries are fighting with each other over a piece of land, Nagorno-Karabakh.
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Human Rights Day is observed annually on December 10th to commemorate the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights by the UN in 1948. The UDHR established fundamental human rights that all people are entitled to, regardless of race, sex, language, religion, or other status. It arose from the philosophical concept of natural rights that individuals possess even when not protected by governments. Major historical documents like the Magna Carta also established certain legal rights. The UN and regional organizations like the Council of Europe now work to uphold universal human rights standards and prevent violations.
NATO
The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) is a political and military alliance between European and North American countries created in 1949. Its main purpose was to defend member nations from the Soviet Union during the Cold War. NATO promotes democratic values and collective defense through consensus-based decision making. It operates crisis management missions and works to combat security threats. NATO currently has 29 member countries and is headquartered in Brussels, Belgium.
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1) Russia is concerned about NATO expansion and sees it as a threat, given past assurances that NATO would not expand into Russia's sphere of influence.
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The document discusses reforms needed for the United Nations. It suggests allowing Germany and Japan to join the UN Security Council as permanent members to make decisions more efficient. It also recommends imposing new rules around the use of vetoes, punishing countries that violate UN resolutions, and increasing oversight of vetoes. The document argues that these reforms would help the UN regain legitimacy and respect.
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1) They have a long historical relationship with few conflicts compared to Russia's relationships with other countries.
2) They have parallel experiences with imperial decline in the 19th century and revolutions in the early 20th century.
3) Currently, they share geopolitical interests in opposing US unilateralism and hegemony.
4) Economic cooperation has increased but remains asymmetrical, with Russia exporting energy and arms and China exporting manufactured goods.
5) Ideologically, they both favor state-capitalist models and defense of sovereignty over Western democracy promotion.
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Globalisation and terrorism
Globalization has allowed terrorism to exist on a global level due to increased technology and interconnectivity. While there is no agreed-upon definition, terrorism generally involves the use or threat of violence against civilians to achieve political goals. Globalization has aided terrorism through expanded air travel, televised news coverage, and access to more dangerous weapons. It has also contributed to cultural, economic, and religious explanations for terrorism. Technologies associated with globalization have improved terrorists' abilities to coordinate attacks, maintain security, gain mobility, and conduct more lethal operations. International efforts aim to curb terrorism through collaboration, but challenges remain around identification, bureaucratic defects, and addressing radicalizing messages.
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The Occupation of Palestine
- 1. Right of Return Sharen Abdallah Tasneem Abdallah Rawan Dissi Crystal Garibay Rochelle Rich Ana Rueda Yesica Ruiz Abelardo Vazquez Philosophy 107 FF Professor Kuzniar May 12, 2009
- 2. What is the Palestinian Conflict? A Palestinian country stolen from a population of 500,000 86% Muslims, 10% Christian, 4% Jewish An illegal occupation that continues until today due to an establishment of a Jewish state Zionism Biblical ties to the land Occupied under British rule; easier access
- 3. Palestinian Conflict con’t Palestinians rights are blatantly diminished : 1947 UN decides to give 55% of Palestine to a population of 30% Jews By 1949, 78% of Palestine was taken over 800,000 civilians displaced, 369 villages destroyed How? Widespread killings and massacres took place throughout Palestine Bombed highly populated markets Booby-trapped cars and toys Increased searches Imprisonment, rapes, and massacres were also one of the highly used tactics
- 4. Palestine loss of land, 1947-2000
- 5. How does the biased media contribute to this conflict? “Israel is really fighting a war on two fronts… The first is a military campaign being waged in the occupied territories against the Palestinian people… The second is a PR campaign being waged here in the U.S. through the American media…” Professor Robert Jensen , Journalism University of Texas-Austin Associated Press 2004: Study done by “If Americans Knew” 130.6% of Israeli deaths reported 108 actual deaths, 141 deaths reported 66.1% of Palestinian deaths reported 821 actual deaths, 543 deaths reported
- 6. U.S. Media Misreported Incidents Gaza Violence: January 27, 2009 CNN told the public that Palestinians broke the cease fire on January 27th What the media are not telling the public: In reality Israel had violated the cease fire at least 7 times. Killing at least 2 civilians Injuring at least 5 civilians For more information: www.ifamericansknew.com
- 7. Occupation Continues… Crime Against Humanity Gaza - overpopulated strip of land -1.5 million Palestinians reside - 50% children, 75% refugees - fenced in, nowhere to go
- 8. What if your rights were taken away?And you were left with no freedom, protection, no escape! Prior Assault: 2yr siege on Gaza Lack of: Electricity Energy Heat Food Medical/Lab Supplies Drugs Effects of Siege -> No protection No escape No shelter No transportation No communication No freedom of: Movement/Speech
- 10. Planned and deliberate; 1st four minutes, 250 killed
- 12. Homes
- 13. Gov’t buildings
- 14. Orphanages
- 15. Schools
- 16. Hospitals; 47 Health Institutions, 15 ambulances, 38 Injured, 16 staff killedTotal: 1455 Killed 5300 Injured
- 17. Aftermath of Bombing Wounded Killed Terrorized Destroyed Homes More Refugees How will they move on ? …
- 18. Facts
- 19. Israel’s Justification Well, they saw it coming. Hamas fired 2 rockets into Israel, however … “Implementation of the current operation had gone 90% according to plan” – Shimon Peres (Israeli President) Operation Cast Lead: “A planned attack on the people of Gaza” - Mads Gilbert, Norwegian doctor “90% of our bombs have hit the intended target” – IDF "Israel's aim was to provide a strong blow to the people of Gaza so that they would lose their appetite for shooting at Israel," Peres said in the Jerusalem Post article.
- 20. The Role of the U.S. : What America doesn’t want you to know Dishonest Broker: Has allowed Israel to use violence and violate international law Massive military, economic & political support $$$ 1.6 Billion US tax dollars a day Illegal use of U.S. made weapons;F-16 bombs, DIME (Dense Inert Metal Explosive), White Phosphorous
- 21. U.S. Involvement United States - one of the leading nations to encourage, facilitate, and arbitrate cease-fire accords between Israelis and Palestinians Foster democracy and economic growth in the region Obama administration to solidly pursue a two state solution to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict However, there have been no further improvements
- 22. Solutions: What Can We Do? These war crimes must be stopped Collective punishment violates international law; deserves universal condemnation Unite against the wrong and evil Stand for the good and innocent Attend protests, lectures, become involved, take action! Justice Must Be Served
- 23. We are forgetting … “Peace is not an absence of war, it is a virtue, a state of mind, a disposition for benevolence, confidence, and justice.” – Baruch Spinoza “We should all be reflecting on elevating the situation of our less fortunate brothers and sisters to bring peace to our part of the world that will have a ripple effect that spreads worldwide.”–Cindy Sheehan