This document provides background on the Middle East conflict, outlining its origins in the late 19th century with the decline of the Ottoman Empire and rise of nationalism and Zionism. It discusses key events that led to the establishment of Israel like the Balfour Declaration and UN partition plan, as well as subsequent Arab-Israeli wars over territories. It also examines the importance of Jerusalem to Judaism, Christianity and Islam and ongoing disputes over its status.

1. THE MIDDLE EAST AND THE PEACE
PROCESS HOLY WAR OR HOLY
PEACE
By
Muhammad Ismail
Class- M.Phil
Federal Urdu University, Karachi
28-01-18

3. RSITY

4. BACKGROUND OF MIDDLE EAST
 The middle east is natural land bridge connecting
the continents of Asia, Africa, and Europe.
 the world's earliest civilizations
 Birthplace of three great religions-Judaism,
Christianity, and Islam.

5. IMPORTANCE OF MIDDLE EAST
 The Middle East is so much importance in the world
now days because,
 Oil
 trade routes,
 geography
 Ideology
 Religion

6. ORIGINS OF CONFLICT
Late of 19th century Ottoman
Empire (!4th -19th )
Nationalism in Europe
World war 1 ( 28 Jul 1914 – 11
Nov 1918)
Theodor Herzl founded by
Zionism movement
(1897) for Jewish nation

7. BALFOUR DECLARATION
(2ND NOVEMBER 1917)
support from the
British government for
the establishment in
Palestine of a National
Home for the Jewish
people.

8. BRITISH MANDATE OF PALESTINE
 After w.w 1 Uk control by Palestine
 Migration of Jewish peoples
 Divide and rules Policies
 Jewish buy the land
 1939 Arabs start the revolt aginst by UK
 Jewish formed a militias group to stop the Revolt

9. CREATION OF ISRAEL
MAY 14, 1948
UN resolution passed in
1947 in fever of Israel
Equal Division between
Palestine Arab and Israel
Jerusalem control by the
UNO because it’s a holy
places

10. ARAB-ISRAEL WAR 1948
FIRST ARAB WAR
Egypt, Syria, Iraq and Jordan
attacked in Israel
Israel victory the first war
Israel extend the boundaries
Gaza control by Egypt
West bank control by Jordan

11. SIX DAY WAR
JUNE 5 AND 10, 1967
Egypt, Syria, and Jordan
attcked in Israel
 victory of Israel
Israel captures the Gaza Strip
and the Sinai Peninsula from
Egypt, the West Bank
(including East Jerusalem)
from Jordan, and the Golan

12. SIX DAYS WAR

13. YOM KIPPUR WAR
6 OCT 1973 – 26 OCT 1973
 The war began when the Arab coalition launched a
joint surprise attack on Israeli positions in
the Israeli-occupied territories .
 Egypt and Syria
 Initially Israel losses but repulse attack
 Lead to talk
 Camp David Accord 1978

14. CAMP DAVID ACCORDS
7 SEPTEMBER 1978
Egyptian President Anwar El
Sadat
Israeli Prime Minister
Menachem Begin
Sinai returned to Egypt
Egypt recognized state of
Israel
1978 Nobel Peace Prize

16. ISRAEL -LEBANON WAR 1982
 Israel-Lebanon war Began on 6 June 1982,
 the Israel Defense Forces invaded southern
Lebanon to expel the PLO from the territory.
 objective of removing the PLO threat from the
border region.
 United Nations Security Council Resolution 426 on
19 March 1978,
 Israeli withdrawal from Lebanon

17. LEBANON-ISRAEL WAR 2006
12 JULY TO 14 AUGUST 2006
On 12 July 2006, Hezbollah
fighters fired rockets at Israeli
border towns.
Hezbollah arrest two Israeli army
person Five more were killed
 killed between 1,191 and 1,300
Lebanese people,
 and 165 Israelis

18. JERUSALEM
Jerusalem, a Middle Eastern city
west of the Dead Sea, has been
a place of pilgrimage and
worship for Jews, Christians and
Muslims
Judaism for roughly 3000 years,
Christianity for around 2000
years
Islam for approximately 1400
years

19. HISTORY OF JERUSALEM
During its long history Jerusalem
has been destroyed at least
twice, besieged 23 times,
attacked 52 times, and captured
and recaptured 44 times. The
part of Jerusalem called the City
of David was settled in the 4th
millennium BC

20. JEWISH PRAYER
Western WaLL
Ancient place site for
Jewish prayer

21. PICTURES OF WALLS

22. WALL OF JEWISH PRAYER

23. WALL OF JEWISH PRAYER

24. WALL OF JEWISH PRAYER

25. WALL

26. CHURCH PICTURES

27. CHURCH PICTURES

28. CHURCH PICTURES

29. MOSQUE OF AL-AQSA

30. MOSQUE OF AL-AQSA

32. MOSQUE OF AL-AQSA

33. MOSQUE

34. Jerusalem

35. WEST AND EAST JERUSALEM
West Jerusalem
 West Jerusalem refers to the section
of Jerusalem that remained under
Israeli control after the 1948 Arab–
Israeli War.
East Jerusalem
Israel occupied East Jerusalem at the
end of the 1967 War with Syria,
Egypt and Jordan the western half of
the holy city had been captured in
the 1948 Arab-Israeli war

36. REUNIFICATION OF WEST AND EAST
JERUSALEM BY ISRAEL
During the Six-Day
War in June 1967,
Israel captured the
eastern side of the
city and the
whole West Bank

37. OIC AND JERUSALEM
On 13 December 2017,
Istanbul after the United States
recognition of Jerusalem as Israeli
capital more than 50 Muslim
majority countries rejected and
condemned US President Donald
Trump's decision by declaring
the Istanbul Declaration on
Freedom for al Quds

38. HOLY WAR
Jerusalem was the first Qibla
of the Muslim the place toward
which they turn in prayer
It is Jerusalem that
Muhammad (peace be upon
him) visited during his night
journey Mi'raj.
al-aqsa mosque