This document provides information about the mechanics of writing, including spelling, italics, names of persons, numbers, and proper formatting. It discusses topics like consistency in spelling, word division, plurals, using italics for emphasized words and foreign words, capitalizing names, using Arabic numerals, punctuation of numbers, and inclusive versus Roman numerals. Guidelines are provided for formatting names, titles, and references consistently in academic writing.

1. The Mechanics of
Writing : Spelling,
Italics, Names of
Persons, Numbers

2. Information
Name: janvi Nakum
Sem : 4
Paper Code: 209
Paper Name: Research Methodology
Submit: Department of English
Email: janvinakum360@gmail.com

3. What is
Mechanics
of Writing ?
The goal of the mechanics of
writing is to make the writing
precise and grammatically correct.
It is directed to make the writing
systematic and being concerned
about how to be correct in spelling,
punctuation, italics and so on.

4. 1.Spelling
2.Punctuation
3.Italics
4.Names of Persons
5.Numbers
6.Titles of Works Numerals
7.Quotations
8.Capitalization and
Personal Name in
Languages
The Mechanics
of Writings

5.  Consistency
Word Division
Plurals
Foreign Words
Spelling

6. 1. Consistency
Spelling, including hyphenation, should be consistent throughout the research paper – except in quotation,
which must retain spelling of the original , whether correct or incorrect.
2. Word Division
Turn off the automatic – hyphenation option in your word processor. Dividing words at the ends of lines is
unnecessary in a research paper, and it has disadvantages.
3. Plurals
The plurals of English words are generally formed by addition of the suffix-s-or-es ( laws, taxes), with several
exceptions.
e.g. : children, halves, mice , sons-in-la, bison
4 Foreign Words
If you quote material in a foreign language, you must reproduce all accents and other marks exctly as they
appear in the original.
e.g. : école, pietà, tête, leçon, Fähre, año

7. Italics
Words and Letters Referred to
as Words and Letter
Foreign Words in a English Text Emphasis

8. First and Subsequent
Uses of Names
Names of Persons
Titles of Persons
Names of Authors
and Fictional
Characters

9. 1.First and Subsequent Uses of Name
In general, the first time you use a person’s name in the text of your
research paper, state t fully and accurately, exactly as it appears in your
source.
2.Titles of Persons
In general, do not use formal title in referring to men, women, living or dead.
e.g. : Churchill - not Mr. Churchill
Einstein – not Professor Einstein
Emily Dickinson – Dickinson ( not Miss Dickinson)
3.Names of Authors and Fictional Characters
It is common and acceptable to use simplified names of famous authors.
e.g. : George Eliot ( Mary Ann Evans)
Mark Twain ( Samuel Clemens)

10. Numbers
 Arabic Numerals
 Use of Words or Numerals
 Commas in Numbers
 Percentages and Amounts of Money
 Dates and Times of the Day
 Inclusive Numbers
 Roman Numerals

11. Book I of Spenser’s Faerie Queene
Part II of Goethe’s Faust
Volume II of Encyclopedia Americana
Act III of Arms and the Man
Elizabeth II
2–3, 10–12, 21–28, 103–04, 395–401, 923–1003,
1003–05, 1608–774, 1999–2004, 12345–47, 12345–
3300.
1,000 20,000 7,654,321
Exceptions to this practice include page and line
numbers of four or more digits, addresses, and year
numbers. The comma is added in year numbers if a fifth
digit is used.
On page 3333 ….
At 4132 Broadway ….
In 1984 ….
But
In 20,000 B.C. ….
Commas in Numbers
Inclusive Numbers
Roman Numerals
Examples

12. Chat GPT

14. 14
Gibaldi, Joseph. MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers. Modern
Language Association of America, 2009. Accessed 9 March 2023.
“Importance Of Mechanics In Writing Research Essay Example.” PaperAp,
https://paperap.com/paper-on-mechanics-of-writing/. Accessed 8 March
2023.
“Mechanics of Writing - Keir Armstrong.” Carleton University,
https://carleton.ca/keirarmstrong/learning-resources/essay-
guidelines/mechanics-of-writing/. Accessed 8 March 2023.
Work Cited

15. Thank You