This is the theory revision I created for my A2 Media group a couple of years ago. There is some general narrative theory, Media theory Laura Mulvey etc and Racial Representation theory, Stuart Hall, Paul Gilroy, bell hooks etc. This was based on Media and Collective Identity focusing on the representation of black culture in British Film and American Music Videos.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
2. What is it?
• This theory was mentioned in the essay ‘Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema’
written by feminist film critic, Laura Mulvey in 1975.
• The male gaze theory is when the camera positions the audience into the perspective
of a heterosexual man. It may linger over the curves of the woman’s body structure for
instance, showing the femininity and seductive side.
• The concept has subsequently been influenced in feminist film theory and media
studies.
• The theory only applies if the curves of an woman is highlighted with the right camera
shots and angling and editing, such as slow motion and noticeable camera movements
or still shots and cut away.
L-R:
Miley Cyrus – Wrecking Ball
Mariah Carey – Touch My Body
Fergie - Fergalicious
Low angle:
man is
watching
over her
from below
Red colour lipstick and dress
is an example danger and
seduce for costume/makeup
Very short and tight clothing are
only for the male audience
3. The Gazes
• Since it refers to the
way visual arts are
structured around a
masculine viewer, it
gives an initial point
of view or attitude
towards women.
• The different gazes
are the person
behind the camera,
character within the
representation or
film itself and the
gaze of the
spectator.
Feminists look at these
gazes in three ways:
1. Men look at women
2. Women look at
themselves
3. Women look at
women
Justin Timberlake Ft. Timberlake – Cry me a river
One being from the
audience ’s (women
and men) perspective
because in the picture
on the left, the
camera filmed Justin
Timberlake filming
himself and the so
called seductress, for
people to watch. The
last two screenshots
depicts the other
perspective is
through the male
perspective (in this
case, Justin
Timberlake’s), as he
is watching his ex
girlfriend taking a
shower.
This music video is a good example,
since it highlights two perspectives.
4. Example of Music Video (1)
• Katy Perry – Thinking of You
Her costume choice is for her
current lover in the music video but
she is mostly shown to be upset as
she is perhaps is neglected from
intimate love and she still mourns
for her ex or lost lover. Her figure is
curvy but slim, which is how a lot of
woman are presented in the media,
teaching the female audience you
need have the perfect proportion of
curvy hips and slim tummy to be
considered as beautiful.
These shots
are from a
man’s point
of view Her hands resting
on her hands
could either
represent her to
be provocative or
feeling lonely or
vulnerable
E.g.:
Obvious depiction
of her figure shape
through her semi-
transparent gown
and tight fit short
clothing.
5. Example of Music Video (2)
• Scouting for Girls – She’s
so lovely
1) The lyrics
match the
visuals, in
terms of how
the video girl
is presented
2) All these shots are filmed from an
man’s point of view and the women is the
expected portrayal of ‘lovely’. From a
female’s perspective, they would learn
that the depiction of the ‘lovely’ woman is
the desired look of visual beauty.
I love the way
she fills her
clothes.
She looks just
like them girls
in Vogue.
I love the way
she bites her lip
I love the way
she shakes them
hips.
6. Facial Expressions
Women
(Marjorie Ferguson in 1980)
Men
(Trevor Millum in 1975)
Chocolate Box
(innocence, kindness through a
friendly, warm half or full smile)
Carefree
(Nymph like, active, healthy ,
vibrant e.g. smiling or ginning)
Invitational
(mystery and mischief, model
facing away with a hint of smile
and emphasis on the eyes)
Practical
(Short hair, serious, engaged
with business in hang,
mouth closed, slight frown,
eyes object-directed.)
Super-Smiler
(arrogant ‘‘look at me’’ attitude,
carefree and toothy smile)
Seductive
(Similar to looking cool in terms of eyes less wide,
confident, slight smile but the cool look is
more arrogant, aloof and reserved with
straight lips, how a man looks at themselves
in the mirror)
Romantic or Sexual
(Not smiling, two people
but still showing availability)
Comic
(Deliberately ridiculous,
exaggerated, foolish and pulling f
aces to an real or imaginary audience)
Catalogue
(A neutral look, artificial,
wax like and mannequin like.
Eyes wide open, with a subtle smile,
overall look is vacant and straightforward
but lacks of personality.
7. Jonathon Schroeder
(1998)
‘‘'to gaze implies more than to look at - it signifies a psychological relationship of
power, in which the gazer is superior to the object of the gaze' ’’
Types of Gazes:
• The spectator’s gaze - the spectator’s gaze: the gaze of the viewer at an image of
a person in the text
• The intra-diegetic gaze - a gaze of one depicted person at another (or at an
animal or an object) within the world of the text (typically depicted in filmic and
televisual media by a subjective ‘point-of-view shot’);
• The direct address - the gaze of a person depicted in the text looking ‘out of the
frame’ as if at the viewer, with associated gestures and postures
• The Averted Gaze - a depicted person’s noticeable avoidance of the gaze of
another, or of the camera lens or artist (and thus of the viewer) - this may involve
looking up, looking down or looking away (Dyer 1982);
• The look of the camera - the way that the camera itself appears to look at the
people depicted; less metaphorically, the gaze of the film-maker or photographer
• The gaze of the bystander - outside the world of the text, the gaze of another
individual in the viewer’s social world catching the latter in the act of viewing
(Willemen 1992);
• The gaze of an audience within a text - certain kinds of popular televisual texts
(such as game shows) often include shots of an audience watching those
performing in the 'text within a text‘
• The Editorial Gaze - 'the whole institutional process by which some portion of
the photographer's gaze is chosen for use and emphasis' (Lutz & Collins 1994,
368).
8. Examples
These shots are example of women looking needy, making the
male audience feel superior.
Katy Perry – California Girls Selena Gomez – Good For You
Lil Wayne - Lollipop
All these shots illustrate the
spectator’s gaze, the audience is
looking at their body shape and
where they are , averted gaze, the
audience is looking their figures
up and down and the gaze of an
bystander., who is particularly
looking at their body parts and
what attracts them.
