The document traces the history and evolution of music videos from their origins in the late 19th century as illustrated songs promoted through magic lanterns, to their establishment as a mainstream form of music promotion in the 1980s with the rise of MTV. Key developments included the use of film and animation techniques in the early 20th century, the first music video aired on television in 1956, the influence of the Beatles' 1964 video for "A Hard Day's Night", and Michael Jackson's groundbreaking 1982 "Thriller" video which helped establish the modern story-driven format. The widespread availability of music videos online in the 2000s has further increased their role in music promotion.
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2. What is a
music
video?
A music
video/song
video is a short
film mixing a
song and
imagery,
produced for
promotional or
artistic
purposes.
3. Types of
Music Video
Music videos use a varied range of styles of contemporary video making
techniques, including animation, live action filming for staged/live
performances, documentaries, concept and narrative/non-narrative approaches
such as abstract film.
Unofficial, fan-made music videos ("bootleg" tapes) are typically made by
synchronizing existing footage from other sources, such as television series or
movies, with the song. A well-known example of an unofficial video is one made
for Danger Mouse's illegal mash-up from his The Grey Album, of the Jay-
Z track Encore with music sampled from The Beatles' White Album, in which
concert footage of The Beatles is remixed with footage of Jay-Z and rap
dancers.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JbXLp2z6xL4
4. In 1894, sheet music publishers Edward
B. Marks and Joe Stern hired an
electrician, George Thomas and
numerous performers to promote sales of
their song "The Little Lost Child".
Using a magic lantern, Thomas projected
a series of still images on a screen
simultaneous to live performances. A
magic lantern is an early type of image
projector retaining pictures on sheets of
glass. Developed in the 17th century and
commonly used for educational and
entertainment purposes.
This would become a popular form of
entertainment known as the illustrated
song, the first step toward music video.
History &
Development
5. In 1926, with the arrival of "talkies" (features, flicks or early film with a soundtrack))
many musical short films were produced.
Vitaphone shorts (produced by Warner Bros.) featured many bands, vocalists and dancers.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y5e6RhQViwA
Animation artist Max Fleischer introduced a series of sing-along short cartoons
called Screen Songs, which invited audiences to sing along to popular songs by "following
the bouncing ball", which is similar to a modern karaoke machine.
Early 1930s cartoons featured popular musicians performing their hit songs on-camera in
live-action segments during the cartoons.
The early animated films by Walt Disney, such as the Silly Symphonies shorts and
especially Fantasia, which featured several interpretations of classical pieces, were built
around music. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k3t5BmU3uYQ
The Warner Brothers cartoons, even today billed as Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies,
were initially fashioned around specific songs from upcoming Warner Brothers musical
films. Live action musical shorts, featuring such popular performers as Cab Calloway, were
also distributed to theatres.
Talkies,
Soundies and
shorts
6. BESSIE SMITH-
ST.LOUIS BLUES
This is one of the earliest
examples of music videos that
we are familiar with today. It
was shown in theatres in 1932,
however we are now able to
access music videos almost
anywhere now unlike before
and this music video shows
how much technology has
changed.
https://www.youtube.com/watch
?v=JpVCqXRlXx4
7. Tony Bennett
Released:1956
SONG: STRANGERS IN
PARADISE
Tony's song "Stranger in
paradise" was filmed in
Hyde Park, London and
was played across UK and
US television stations.
Bennett later claimed that
his music video was the
very first. This was the first
example of using music
videos on TV, this would
lead on to create channels
like MTV and Top of the
pops.
8. The Beatles
SONG: A HARD DAY’S NIGHT
Released: 1964
https://www.youtube.com/watch
?v=70QfHtKdh_0
The crucial moment in the
development of music videos
was the Beatles "A hard days
night", influencing the filming of
music videos that all/many
contemporary artists use today.
In the 1960s and 1970s, music
videos filmed like short films
and put in a Scopitone, a visual
jukebox, was invented in
Frances.
9. The Jackson Five – the
beginning of Music Television
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v
=s3Q80mk7bxE
SONG: I WANT YOU BACK
Released: 1970
The 1970's saw the music video
change with more emphasis on
just the artist singing. This style
lead to music videos to the "Cross-
Cutting" stage where the song
would portray a story that
accompanied the lyrics and "cross-
cuts" to the artist singing it.
However the key to this innovation
was the editing process, dealing
with more professional techniques
like "Chroma-Key".
10. Chroma-Key
A special effects / post-
production technique
for compositing (layering)
two
images or video streams
together based on colour
hues (chroma range).
The technique has been
used heavily in many
fields to remove
a background from the
subject of a photo or
video – particularly
the newscasting, motion
picture and videogame
industries.
11. Michael Jackson – MVs go
mainstream
SONG: THRILLER
Released: 1982
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v
=sOnqjkJTMaA
This video was the pioneer of the
'Storyline' video which has a plot,
almost like a 'mini' movie. It
contains sophisticated visuals
and it took the music industry to
another level. Now music videos
were really being seen as
promotion and made into high-
budget productions.
12. A-ha
SONG: TAKE ON ME
Released: 1985
https://www.youtube.com/w
atch?v=djV11Xbc914
The comic book/live-action
combination is called
rotoscoping and took 16
weeks to complete. This just
shows how the song relies
on this type of promotion,
mainly because it was the
only the form of marketing
for a song in the 20th
century.
13. Rotoscoping
Rotoscoping is an animation technique in
which animators trace over footage, frame by
frame, for use in live-action and animated
films. Originally, recorded live-action film
images were projected onto a frosted glass
panel and re-drawn by an animator. This
projection equipment is called a rotoscope.
Although this device was eventually replaced
by computers, the process is still referred to
as rotoscoping.
In the visual effects industry, the term
rotoscoping refers to the technique of
manually creating a matte for an element on a
live-action plate so it may be composited over
another background.
14. Britney Spears –
Rise of the directors
SONG: BRITNEY SPEARS –
SOMETIMES
Released:1999
https://www.youtube.com/wat
ch?v=t0bPrt69rag
Music video meets the
expectations of the pop genre
and makes it appealing to
mainstream society,
especially young females
(pre teens) because of bold
and cutesy choice of colours
and typical
love/romance/crush narrative.
15. Iggy Azalea –
easy access to watch MVs
IGGY AZALEA – WORK
Released: 2013
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_zR
6ROjoOX0
In the current music video era that we
live in today the adoption of the 'Sex
Appeal' of females has dominated the
music industry, rather than choosing the
more traditional methods because they
are less profitable
Music video were easy to access
through, numerous music TV channels,
social networks, websites, phone apps.
