The lymphatic system transports lymph and immune cells throughout the body. Lymph is tissue fluid that has leaked from capillaries and contains white blood cells. It flows from lymphatic capillaries through lymph vessels and lymph nodes, which filter the lymph and produce immune cells. The filtered lymph eventually returns to the blood circulation via the thoracic duct. Key organs involved include the lymph nodes, spleen, thymus, and bone marrow.
The lymphatic system is responsible for the production, transport and filtration of lymph fluid throughout the body. In addition to its important circulatory functions, the lymphatic system also has important immunological functions
THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM// LYMPH CIRCULATION//LYMPH VESSELS// LYMPH ORGANS Wasim Ak
The lymphatic system is a sub-system of circulatory system and immune system.
It is a type of drainage system of human body which collects all the tissue fluids (constantly leaking out of the bloodstream) and takes back to the major veins through a network of lymph vessels.
The lymphatic system consists of -
Lymph – colourless tissue fluid
Lymphatic organs – Thymus, Bone Marrow, Lymph nodes, Spleen, Tonsils.
Lymph vessels – through which lymph circulation takes place.
It maintains balance between blood and tissues:
Blood volume : 5 – 6L
Interstitial fluid volume: 10 – 11L
Lymph volume: 2 – 3L.
It helps in Immunity.
It fascilitate absorption of fats and hormones:
Breakdown products of fat and fat-soluble vitamins are absorbed into the central lacteals (lymphatic vessels) of the villi.
Normal blood circulation forces fluid out of the bloodstream and that leads in the increase in the interstitial fluid volume.
Due to osmotic pressure this interstitial fluid will be collected by the fine lymphatic capillaries.
Now this fluid is lymph and it has the same mineral distribution as that of blood plasma.
The lymph is transported to lymph nodes and organs where the pathogen will be killed by lymphocytes and lymph will be filtered.
The back flow of lymph is prevented by the valves present in lymph vessels.
Lymph moves from lymphatic vessels to lymphatic trunks, collecting ducts, and ultimately into the Subclavian veins.
Anatomy & Physiology - LYMPHATIC SYSTEM PPT By wincy Thirumuruganthiru murugan
lymphatic system:DEFINITION:
The lymphatic system is a network of vessels and organs that regulates the amount of fluid in the human body and defends it against infections
Lymph
Lymph is a transudative fluid that is transparent and yellow. It is formed when fluid leaves the capillary bed in tissues due to hydrostatic pressure.
LYMPHATIC VESSELS :
THE TUBAL STRUCTURES CARRY THE LYMPH FLUID FROM THE TISSUE TO THE BLOOD STREAM.
TYPES OF VESSELS :
AFFERENT VS EFFERENT LYMPH VESSELS:
Lymphatic capillaries
Lymphatic capillaries are the smallest lymphatic vessels that collect the interstitial fluid from the tissues. There are also special types of lymphatic capillaries called lacteals. These capillaries absorb nutrients from the small intestine.
COMPOSITION OF THE LYMPH FLUID:
(around 95%) comprised of water.
The remaining 5% is composed of proteins, lipids, carbohydrates
VOLUME OF LYMPH : The average adult produces between 3-4 litres/ day.
Lymphatic pathway/circulation:
TYPES OF LYMPHATIC VESSELS
SUPERFICIAL AND DEEP LYMPHATIC VESSELS.
LYMPHATIC TRUNKS: The efferent vessels empty into the lymphatic trunks. There are four pairs of trunks:
Lumbar,
Bronchomediastinal,
Subclavian and
Jugular.
LYMPHATIC DUCT:
The lymphatic trunks then converge into the two lymphatic ducts; the right lymph duct and thoracic duct. Lymphatic vessels vs. blood vessels
Lymphoid organs : The Lymphoid organs are the sites where the maturation and proliferation of lymphocytes occur and help carry out various immune functions.
Types of Lymphoid Organs
1. Primary Lymphoid Organs: bone marrow and thymus 2. Secondary Lymphoid Organs: lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils, Peyer’s patches of the small intestine, and Mucosal associated lymphoid tissues (MALT). 3. Tertiary Lymphoid Organs: These organs also play a prominent role in the immune response to cancer.
The Lymphoid Organs Functions
The functions of lymphoid organs are as follows:1. The main function of lymphoid organs is developing and providing immunity to the body.2. The primary lymphoid organs, i.e., the bone marrow and thymus, are the sites where the proliferation and maturation of B-lymphocytes and T-lymphocytes take place.3. Bone marrow is involved in the production of blood cells, i.e., RBCs (or erythrocytes), WBCs (or leucocytes), and Platelets (or thrombocytes).4. The spleen helps in the removal of damaged red blood cells. In foetal conditions, this is also a haematopoietic organ.5. Lymph nodes and spleen helps in filtering out and destroying the unwanted lymphocytes. They also help in maintaining the population of mature lymphocytes to enable the adaptive immune response to begin.6. The tonsils prevent foreign materials and pathogens from entering the body.
Lymphocytes:
Lymphocytes are a type of WBC (leucocytes) that are the main components of our immune system.
Clinical Relevance:
lymphoma,
Lymphatic filariasis, Lymphadenopathy, Lymphedema
The lymphatic system is responsible for the production, transport and filtration of lymph fluid throughout the body. In addition to its important circulatory functions, the lymphatic system also has important immunological functions
THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM// LYMPH CIRCULATION//LYMPH VESSELS// LYMPH ORGANS Wasim Ak
The lymphatic system is a sub-system of circulatory system and immune system.
It is a type of drainage system of human body which collects all the tissue fluids (constantly leaking out of the bloodstream) and takes back to the major veins through a network of lymph vessels.
The lymphatic system consists of -
Lymph – colourless tissue fluid
Lymphatic organs – Thymus, Bone Marrow, Lymph nodes, Spleen, Tonsils.
Lymph vessels – through which lymph circulation takes place.
It maintains balance between blood and tissues:
Blood volume : 5 – 6L
Interstitial fluid volume: 10 – 11L
Lymph volume: 2 – 3L.
It helps in Immunity.
It fascilitate absorption of fats and hormones:
Breakdown products of fat and fat-soluble vitamins are absorbed into the central lacteals (lymphatic vessels) of the villi.
Normal blood circulation forces fluid out of the bloodstream and that leads in the increase in the interstitial fluid volume.
Due to osmotic pressure this interstitial fluid will be collected by the fine lymphatic capillaries.
Now this fluid is lymph and it has the same mineral distribution as that of blood plasma.
The lymph is transported to lymph nodes and organs where the pathogen will be killed by lymphocytes and lymph will be filtered.
The back flow of lymph is prevented by the valves present in lymph vessels.
Lymph moves from lymphatic vessels to lymphatic trunks, collecting ducts, and ultimately into the Subclavian veins.
Anatomy & Physiology - LYMPHATIC SYSTEM PPT By wincy Thirumuruganthiru murugan
lymphatic system:DEFINITION:
The lymphatic system is a network of vessels and organs that regulates the amount of fluid in the human body and defends it against infections
Lymph
Lymph is a transudative fluid that is transparent and yellow. It is formed when fluid leaves the capillary bed in tissues due to hydrostatic pressure.
LYMPHATIC VESSELS :
THE TUBAL STRUCTURES CARRY THE LYMPH FLUID FROM THE TISSUE TO THE BLOOD STREAM.
TYPES OF VESSELS :
AFFERENT VS EFFERENT LYMPH VESSELS:
Lymphatic capillaries
Lymphatic capillaries are the smallest lymphatic vessels that collect the interstitial fluid from the tissues. There are also special types of lymphatic capillaries called lacteals. These capillaries absorb nutrients from the small intestine.
COMPOSITION OF THE LYMPH FLUID:
(around 95%) comprised of water.
The remaining 5% is composed of proteins, lipids, carbohydrates
VOLUME OF LYMPH : The average adult produces between 3-4 litres/ day.
Lymphatic pathway/circulation:
TYPES OF LYMPHATIC VESSELS
SUPERFICIAL AND DEEP LYMPHATIC VESSELS.
LYMPHATIC TRUNKS: The efferent vessels empty into the lymphatic trunks. There are four pairs of trunks:
Lumbar,
Bronchomediastinal,
Subclavian and
Jugular.
LYMPHATIC DUCT:
The lymphatic trunks then converge into the two lymphatic ducts; the right lymph duct and thoracic duct. Lymphatic vessels vs. blood vessels
Lymphoid organs : The Lymphoid organs are the sites where the maturation and proliferation of lymphocytes occur and help carry out various immune functions.
Types of Lymphoid Organs
1. Primary Lymphoid Organs: bone marrow and thymus 2. Secondary Lymphoid Organs: lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils, Peyer’s patches of the small intestine, and Mucosal associated lymphoid tissues (MALT). 3. Tertiary Lymphoid Organs: These organs also play a prominent role in the immune response to cancer.
The Lymphoid Organs Functions
The functions of lymphoid organs are as follows:1. The main function of lymphoid organs is developing and providing immunity to the body.2. The primary lymphoid organs, i.e., the bone marrow and thymus, are the sites where the proliferation and maturation of B-lymphocytes and T-lymphocytes take place.3. Bone marrow is involved in the production of blood cells, i.e., RBCs (or erythrocytes), WBCs (or leucocytes), and Platelets (or thrombocytes).4. The spleen helps in the removal of damaged red blood cells. In foetal conditions, this is also a haematopoietic organ.5. Lymph nodes and spleen helps in filtering out and destroying the unwanted lymphocytes. They also help in maintaining the population of mature lymphocytes to enable the adaptive immune response to begin.6. The tonsils prevent foreign materials and pathogens from entering the body.
Lymphocytes:
Lymphocytes are a type of WBC (leucocytes) that are the main components of our immune system.
Clinical Relevance:
lymphoma,
Lymphatic filariasis, Lymphadenopathy, Lymphedema
At the completion of this unit, learners will be able to: 1. Define lymph & the lymphatic system 2. Identify the organs of lymphatic system 3. Describe the general functions of the lymphatic system 4. Describe how lymph is formed 5. Describe the lymph vessels & how lymph is returned to the blood vessels 6. Describe the structure and functions of the lymph nodes, nodules, spleen and the thymus glands.
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At the completion of this unit, learners will be able to: 1. Define lymph & the lymphatic system 2. Identify the organs of lymphatic system 3. Describe the general functions of the lymphatic system 4. Describe how lymph is formed 5. Describe the lymph vessels & how lymph is returned to the blood vessels 6. Describe the structure and functions of the lymph nodes, nodules, spleen and the thymus glands.
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Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
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Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
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The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
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http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
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2. OUTLINE
What is lymphatic system
The function of lymphatic system
How the lymph formed
What are the organs composed in the lymphatic system
The difference between fluid and lymph
How the lymph move back and rejoin into blood circulation
3. Lymphatic System
The lymphatic system is part of the circulatory system, comprising a network of
inter-connected tubes known as lymphatic vessels that carry a clear fluid called
lymph towards the heart.
The lymphatic organs play an important part in the immune system. The lymphatic
system transports the white blood cells which are important in the immune
response against pathogens.
4. Lymphatic System
When tissue fluid enters the small blind-ended lymphatic capillaries that form a
network between the cells it becomes lymph. Lymph is a clear watery fluid that is very
similar to blood plasma except that it contains large numbers of white blood cells,
mostly lymphocytes.
It also contains protein, cellular debris, foreign particles and bacteria. Lymph that
comes from the intestines also contains many fat globules following the absorption of
fat from the digested food into the lymphatics (lacteals) of the villi. From the lymph
capillaries the lymph flows into larger tubes called lymphatic vessels. These carry the
lymph back to join the blood circulation.
6. Lymphatic vessels
Lymphatic vessels have several similarities to veins. Both are thin walled and
return fluid to the right hand side of the heart. The movement of the fluid in both is
brought about by the contraction of the muscles that surround them and both have
valves to prevent backflow. One important difference is that lymph passes through
at least one lymph node or gland before it reaches the blood system (see diagram
10.2). These filter out used cell parts, cancer cells and bacteria and help defend
the body from infection.
8. Lymph nodes are of various sizes and shapes and found throughout the body and
the more important ones are shown in diagram 10.3. They consist of lymph tissue
surrounded by a fibrous sheath. Lymph flows into them through a number of
incoming vessels. It then trickles through small channels where white cells called
macrophages (derived from monocytes) remove the bacteria and debris by
engulfing and digesting them (see diagram 10.4). The lymph then leaves the lymph
nodes through outgoing vessels to continue its journey towards the heart where it
rejoins the blood circulation (see diagrams 10.2 and 10.3).
9. Diagram 10.3 - The circulation of lymph with major lymph nodes
11. As well as filtering the lymph, lymph nodes produce the white cells known as
lymphocytes. Lymphocytes are also produced by the thymus, spleen and bone
marrow. There are two kinds of lymphocyte. The first attack invading micro
organisms directly while others produce antibodies that circulate in the blood and
attack them.
The function of the lymphatic system can therefore be summarized as transport
and defense. It is important for returning the fluid and proteins that have escaped
from the blood capillaries to the blood system and is also responsible for picking
up the products of fat digestion in the small intestine. Its other essential function is
as part of the immune system, defending the body against infection.
12. Problems with lymph nodes and the lymphatic
system
During infection of the body the lymph nodes often become swollen and tender
because of their increased activity. This is what causes the swollen ‘glands’ in your
neck during throat infections, mumps and tonsillitis. Sometimes the bacteria
multiply in the lymph node and cause inflammation. Cancer cells may also be
carried to the lymph nodes and then transported to other parts of the body where
they may multiply to form a secondary growth or metastasis. The lymphatic system
may therefore contribute to the spread of cancer. Inactivity of the muscles
surrounding the lymphatic vessels or blockage of these vessels causes tissue fluid
to ‘back up’ in the tissues resulting in swelling or oedema.
13. Other Organs Of The Lymphatic System
The spleen is an important part of the lymphatic system. It is a deep red organ situated in
the abdomen caudal to the stomach. It is composed of two different types of tissue. The first
type makes and stores lymphocytes, the cells of the immune system. The second type of
tissue destroys worn out red blood cells, breaking down the haemoglobin into iron, which is
recycled, and waste products that are excreted. The spleen also stores red blood cells. When
severe blood loss occurs, it contracts and releases them into the circulation.
The thymus is a large pink organ lying just under the sternum (breastbone) just cranial to the
heart. It has an important function processing lymphocytes so they are capable of
recognising and attacking foreign invaders like bacteria.
Other lymph organs are the bone marrow of the long bones where lymphocytes are
produced and lymph nodules, which are like tiny lymph nodes. Large clusters of these are
found in the wall of the small intestine (called Peyer’s Patches) and in the tonsils.
14. A comparison of the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems
Cardiovascular System Lymphatic System
Blood is responsible for collecting and
distributing oxygen, nutrients and
hormones to the tissues of entire body.
Lymph is responsible for collecting and
removing waste products left behind in
the tissues.
Blood flows in the arteries, capillaries, and
veins.
Lymph flows in an open circuit from the
tissues into lymphatic vessels.
Blood flows towards the heart and away
from the heart.
Lymph flows in one direction only
(towards the heart).
Blood is pumped by the heart to all parts
of the body.
Lymph is not pumped. It passively flows
from the tissues into the lymph capillaries.
Blood consists of the liquid plasma that
transports the red and white blood cells
and platelets.
Lymph that has been filtered and is ready
to return to the cardiovascular system is a
clear or milky white fluid.
Blood is visible and damage to blood
vessels causes obvious signs such as
bleeding or bruising.
Lymph is colourless or translucent and
damage to the lymphatic system is
difficult to detect until swelling occurs.
Blood is filtered by the kidneys. Lymph is filtered by lymph nodes located
15.
16. Summary
Fluid leaks out of the thin walled capillaries as they pass through the tissues. This
is called tissue fluid.
Much of tissue fluid passes back into the capillaries. Some enters the blind-ended
lymphatic capillaries that form a network between the cells of the tissues. This fluid
is called lymph.
Lymph flows from the lymphatic capillaries to lymph vessels, passing through
lymph nodes and along the thoracic duct to join the blood system.
Lymph nodes filter the lymph and produce lymphocytes.
Other organs of the lymphatic system are the spleen, thymus, bone marrow, and
lymph nodules.