The Little Ice Age was a period from 1300 to the 19th century when global temperatures were several degrees colder than normal for five centuries. This caused famines, diseases like plague, and revolutions as societies were disrupted. Scientists believe it was caused by decreased sun radiation and large amounts of volcanic eruptions releasing sulfur in the atmosphere. The cold disrupted ocean currents as well. Effects included widespread famine, disease, and persecution like burning "witches" in Germany during increased societal tensions. However, some important battles were won and innovations like the violin occurred during this time as well.