Interview Techniques and Analysis

Shree Prasad Devkota
M. Phil. (Development Studies)
First Semester
Kathmandu University
School of Education
Balkumari, Lalitpur
2013
5/16/2013 1spdevkota@kusoed.edu.np

 The definition
 Five steps in conducting an interview
I. Determine the objectives
II. prepare for the interview
III. carry out the interview
IV. Conclude the interviewing process
V. Compile and analyze results
 Conclusion
5/16/2013spdevkota@kusoed.edu.np 2

The interview is a way to:
•Share ideas, engage in dialogue, solve
problems
•Obtain peripheral information that may be
associated with an analysis goal, McNamara.
(1999)
Types of interview techniques
 Structured
Semi- structured
unstructured 5/16/2013 3spdevkota@kusoed.edu.np

 Determine the objectives
 prepare for the interview
 carry out the interview
 Conclude the interviewing process
 Compile and analyze results
Steiner (1996)

Are you looking for information about:
Optimal performance?
Actual performance problems?
Feelings about performance?
Solutions to performance?
 business opportunities and barriers to
implementing them??

 Draft objectives for the interview using
standard terms ,keeping them clear, direct and
short
 share the objectives with the champion of the
needs analysis initiative for their review and
comments
 Finalize the objectives

Clarify and make decisions:
The specific purpose of the interview
 the population or simple or respondents
Develop protocol /script to help in carrying out the
interviews
Draft an opening statement explaining the purpose
of the interview
Indicate the estimated time that will be needed
Provide an explanation concerning issues of
confidentiality

 Do not dominate the conversation
 Encourage the respondent to talk
 avoid interrupting
 Avoid stating your own opinions
 Aim your questions at the required
information
 Allow the respondent to follow his/or
own line of thought

 Show that the views expressed are
understood and taken seriously
 Use the interview to supplement
information already obtained
 Identify /investigate any inconsistencies
 Ask specific questions to allow for
quantitative responses
 distinguish hard facts from opinion

When questions are answered vaguely,
pursue them until they are clarified.
Respondent may be too theoretical,
conceptual or uses jargon
If your don't understand-ask for concrete
examples and explanations

 Don't ask strong, direct questions early in
the interview.
 Begin by building upon information
already available or use closed –ended
questions which are not provoking
 Establish rapport and make respondent
comfortable
 Then ask open ended question

 Stop the interviewing process when your
begin to hear the same information from
several respondents
After 4 to 6 interviews, you could notice
much redundancy
If you hear similar responses with 2 or 3
stop the interviewing process

 Follow –up with any respondents to get
further clarification or needed data
 Don't betray trust/confidence of those
you interviewed
 Remove information that could indentify
a particular respondent

Used semi-structure interview
 Conducted with 15 teacher,10 headteacher,12 resources
person,4 school supervisors,5 teacher trainers,4 trainee
teachers,2 district education officers,2 officers from Nced
and 1 from department of education.
Open-ended interview
 9 teachers (3 from each district)
 Purposeful sampling method was used to chose teachers
 All teacher selected for the interview had rated
themselves 5 on a five point likert scale where 5 equal the
most effective

 Establish rapport with participants
He informed about the purpose of the study
Tried to build the trust and create supportive
atmosphere (for this, he understand their
problem, discussed the process of interview
and developed confidentiality)
Ensure participant to use their fake name not
the real name
Try to make needy interview

interview Student(two from each
school)
8
interview Parents (two from each
school)
8
interview Teachers (two from each
school)
8
interview Head teachers (one from
each school)
4
School survey 4 schools
4

 Questions should be as open-ended as
possible
 Questioning techniques should encourage
interviewees to be as frank as possible
 Develop good prompting skills.
Prompting encourages the respondent to
produce an answer
 Probing is a key interview skill to have

 Foddy, W. (1993). Constructing Questions for Interviews:
Cambridge University Press
 McNamara. (1999). General Guidelines for Conducting
Interviews: Minnesota
 Steiner, k. (1996). An Introduction to Qualitative Research
Interviewing :Sage Publications
 Shrestha, P.K. (2011).Primary Teachers’Perception and
Practice of Continuing Professional Development. An
unpublished M.Phil dissertation submitted to Kathmandu
University.
 Shrestha, D. (2011).Free and Compulsory Basic
Education for Chepang Children. An unpublished M.Phil
dissertation submitted to Kathmandu University.

Interview Techniques and Analysis

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