The objective of this study is threefold to investigate the performance of SMEs prior the cases of COVID 19 in Yobe State to examine the performance of SMEs during COVID 19 in Yobe State and to suggest measures for the resilience of the SMEs’ performance after the COVID 19 in Yobe State. The study adopted a survey research design and the sample size was 301 respondents which were selected through multi stage cluster sampling in which the State will be divided into three clusters, based on senatorial districts Zone A, Zone B, and Zone C . Simple random sampling technique was adopted to select the sample. The instruments of data collection were questionnaire and one focus group discussion FGD , thus mixed method quantitative and qualitative was employed to analyse the data for the questionnaire and the FGD, respectively. The study found out that COVID 19 has negatively affected the performance of SMEs in Yobe State. For example, many businesses have demised in Yobe State due to the closure of workplaces many SMEs have stopped operating for many months. The study concluded that SMEs have been performing greatly and they were important to the Yobe State economy before COVID 19 in State Yobe, but the incidence of the COVID 19 has brought setback to the commercial activities in the State. COVID 19 affected the performance of SMEs through closure of all firms, including SMEs due to total lockdown SMEs owners also experienced distraction and widespread panic due to the epidemic lack of raw materials because of less movement of goods and services during the pandemic. There was also the death of some owners of the SMEs especially the old ones, and expiration of some products due to lock down, and downfall of some merchants that operate SMEs in Yobe State. The study therefore recommended that government and development partners should provide soft loans and free grants for affected indigenous SMEs to get resuscitated deliberate effort at making the SMEs very strong to resist the ripple effect of the COVID 19 and save the SMEs from collapsing by operating during all forms of pandemics through online marketing. Jamaluddeen Abubakar Usman "The Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on Small and Medium Scale Enterprises’ (SMEs) Performance in Yobe State" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-3 , April 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd40019.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/other/40019/the-impact-of-covid19-pandemic-on-small-and-medium-scale-enterprises’-smes-performance-in-yobe-state/jamaluddeen-abubakar-usman
Coronavirus Impact Assessment And Mitigation Strategies In ICT Industry Compl...SlideTeam
Risk Mitigation Strategy ICT Industry The PowerPoint template is useful tool in presenting coronavirus impact assessment and mitigation strategies associated to ICT industry. It covers details regarding the ICT sector overview with market drivers and major areas of sector and how ICT sector has been affected during COVID 19 pandemic, how ICT sector is performing during COVID 19 impact of coronavirus outbreak on Global and Chinas ICT market growth, impact on telecom sector. It provides details about how COVID 19 has modified forecasted assumption associated to ICT sector. Various enterprise risks are identified such as disruption due to social distancing, plummeting employee productivity, stressed supply chain, recession in ICT sector, unemployment and investment pullback risk, and economic instability and civil unrest due to pandemic. It also covers details about how these risks can be mitigated through business impact analysis, risk readiness assessment, risk management plan, business continuity plan and how risk of fake news spreading can be controlled, policy management, incident management in terms how technology plays vital role in avoiding various incidents during pandemic, risk response plan for firms associated to ICT sector during COVID 19 outbreak. It contains information regarding the role of government assistance in reviving ICT sector. It also covers risk maturity survey questionnaire to ensure the maturity level of enterprises in handling risks. https://bit.ly/3v37vtj
Coronavirus Impact Assessment And Mitigation Strategies In Construction And R...SlideTeam
This presentation is a useful tool in presenting coronavirus impact assessment and mitigation strategies on real estate and construction. This presentation will allow an organization to address a collection of COVID 19 outbreak impact assessment and mitigation strategies reported in the construction and real estate. The slide covers the impact on COVID on the real estate and construction sector globally which affects the agency and brokerage market. Our presentation contains the sections namely real estate industry overview, risk assessment, and its impact, how risks are mitigated, and the risk maturity model survey questionnaire. The graph in the slide showcases the areas which are affected the most due to coronavirus in the real estate and construction business. The mapping section shows the details of the state which halted construction due to pandemic effect within the economy. It also shows the impact of COVID on effective rent growth in the construction real estate industry on the overall US economy. Further, it covers key indicators and highlights for the real estate and construction industry such as single-family housing, multifamily permits, jobless claims, etc. Risk assessment and its impact section will cover five major risks caused by a coronavirus in the real estate industry namely disruption due to social distancing, plummeting employee productivity, stressed supply chain, recession, unemployment, and investment pullout, economic instability, and civic unrest. How risks are mitigated section will help the organization to address measures taken by the manufacturing sector to tackle COVID 19 outbreak. Subheadings covered in the section are business impact analysis, risk readiness assessment, risk management plans, business continuity plans, policy management, and incident management. Finally, the risk maturity model survey questionnaire section will help the organization to address the survey results of questionnaires asked from manufacturers. https://bit.ly/2Qs2L18
Corona virus pandemic impact on digital advertising industryYieldbird
The safety measures imposed by the governments of almost all countries to protect their citizens will most probably trigger a period of economic turmoil much bigger than the 2008 crisis. This means that while protecting our health, we need to also start thinking about the future. To make this situation at least a little easier, we have decided to compile the most important knowledge we possess in terms of the potential future implications of the pandemic; and we have set out ways to navigate this difficult situation. We hope the will prove useful to you in terms of making all necessary business decisions.
Technology will continue to play a big role in terms of the global economy. Countries need to revisit their various policies as part of supporting the technology sector in their country.
Coronavirus Impact Assessment And Mitigation Strategies In ICT Industry Compl...SlideTeam
Risk Mitigation Strategy ICT Industry The PowerPoint template is useful tool in presenting coronavirus impact assessment and mitigation strategies associated to ICT industry. It covers details regarding the ICT sector overview with market drivers and major areas of sector and how ICT sector has been affected during COVID 19 pandemic, how ICT sector is performing during COVID 19 impact of coronavirus outbreak on Global and Chinas ICT market growth, impact on telecom sector. It provides details about how COVID 19 has modified forecasted assumption associated to ICT sector. Various enterprise risks are identified such as disruption due to social distancing, plummeting employee productivity, stressed supply chain, recession in ICT sector, unemployment and investment pullback risk, and economic instability and civil unrest due to pandemic. It also covers details about how these risks can be mitigated through business impact analysis, risk readiness assessment, risk management plan, business continuity plan and how risk of fake news spreading can be controlled, policy management, incident management in terms how technology plays vital role in avoiding various incidents during pandemic, risk response plan for firms associated to ICT sector during COVID 19 outbreak. It contains information regarding the role of government assistance in reviving ICT sector. It also covers risk maturity survey questionnaire to ensure the maturity level of enterprises in handling risks. https://bit.ly/3v37vtj
Coronavirus Impact Assessment And Mitigation Strategies In Construction And R...SlideTeam
This presentation is a useful tool in presenting coronavirus impact assessment and mitigation strategies on real estate and construction. This presentation will allow an organization to address a collection of COVID 19 outbreak impact assessment and mitigation strategies reported in the construction and real estate. The slide covers the impact on COVID on the real estate and construction sector globally which affects the agency and brokerage market. Our presentation contains the sections namely real estate industry overview, risk assessment, and its impact, how risks are mitigated, and the risk maturity model survey questionnaire. The graph in the slide showcases the areas which are affected the most due to coronavirus in the real estate and construction business. The mapping section shows the details of the state which halted construction due to pandemic effect within the economy. It also shows the impact of COVID on effective rent growth in the construction real estate industry on the overall US economy. Further, it covers key indicators and highlights for the real estate and construction industry such as single-family housing, multifamily permits, jobless claims, etc. Risk assessment and its impact section will cover five major risks caused by a coronavirus in the real estate industry namely disruption due to social distancing, plummeting employee productivity, stressed supply chain, recession, unemployment, and investment pullout, economic instability, and civic unrest. How risks are mitigated section will help the organization to address measures taken by the manufacturing sector to tackle COVID 19 outbreak. Subheadings covered in the section are business impact analysis, risk readiness assessment, risk management plans, business continuity plans, policy management, and incident management. Finally, the risk maturity model survey questionnaire section will help the organization to address the survey results of questionnaires asked from manufacturers. https://bit.ly/2Qs2L18
Corona virus pandemic impact on digital advertising industryYieldbird
The safety measures imposed by the governments of almost all countries to protect their citizens will most probably trigger a period of economic turmoil much bigger than the 2008 crisis. This means that while protecting our health, we need to also start thinking about the future. To make this situation at least a little easier, we have decided to compile the most important knowledge we possess in terms of the potential future implications of the pandemic; and we have set out ways to navigate this difficult situation. We hope the will prove useful to you in terms of making all necessary business decisions.
Technology will continue to play a big role in terms of the global economy. Countries need to revisit their various policies as part of supporting the technology sector in their country.
With the advent of the Internet, everyday devices are now interconnected. Due to the proliferation of the IoT, several offices and homes have become smart –functioning through connected devices. Increased usage of smart devices such as smart phones and tablets is pushing the demand for IoT monetization. It is a trend that is becoming a serious business activity for many and opening doors for future growth.
Measuring Industry Digitization: Leaders and Laggards in the Digital EconomyFlorian Gröne
The pace of digitization is picking up rapidly but the speed at which digitization is taking place varies a great deal from industry to industry. To gain a better understanding of the relative degree to which digitization is transforming different industries, we have created the Industry Digitization Index. Whether they are currently digitization leaders or laggards, all industries can benefit by investing in the input, processing, and output capabilities needed to extend their digital footprints throughout their business ecosystems.
MarketResearchReports.com has announced the addition of “Forecast of Global Power Distribution Units (PDU) Market 2024” research report to their offering. See more at- http://mrr.cm/w2a
LightCastle Partners’ annual flagship publication titled ‘The LightCastle Business Confidence Index 2019-20’ gauges the business sentiments of private sector leaders across several sectors, that have a notable contribution to the country’s economy. The industries to feature in this study were purposefully determined to include sectors that had the highest level of contribution to the country’s GDP.
“After all, in order to achieve impressive results as other advanced countries, Vietnam needs to accelerate its labor productivity. The confrontation between the world’s development models ultimately lies in the fact that which model creates higher productivity. That is also the reason why we see great world’s powers competing against each other primarily not about trade, but technology. As technology is the way to help Vietnam get rid of its short-sightedness and strive for ambitious visions, the dream of Vietnam becoming an IT nation will soon come true."
In the last 5 years, Vietnam has been going through positive changes in digital transformation, thus moving forward into a digital economy and a digital society. Therefore, the wave of tech startups as well as startup projects from large companies, has continuously been on the rise. With the entire technology industry’s substantial growth in general, it can be said that by 2020, Vietnam will be considered as an IT nation of Southeast Asia. Minister of Information and Communications Nguyen Manh Hung said that an additional 50,000 IT businesses (ICT) is necessary for Vietnam to accelerate its digital transformation. A trend called Make In Vietnam is on a strong momentum where the developers and technology experts have considered more about bringing Vietnamese products to the world. Product companies are gradually showing their appearance.
At present, the IT industry is being evaluated as one of the leading industries in Vietnam. There is a number of more than 153 institutions training 50,000 IT personnel. According to experts’ assessment, Vietnam will be an ideal destination for leading technology companies in the world and the region to have their product development located. Particularly in the Vietnam market, there are numerous small and large startups developing potential projects directly related to AI and Machine Learning, which creates an abundance of outstanding values for the technology industry as a whole.
Report includes:
- Vietnam - New Destination;
- Vietnam - IT Talent Pool;
- Vietnam Developers' Salary;
- Vietnam IT Personnel Supply-Demand
Report by: https://topdev.vn
Economic Impact of Covid 19 Pandemic on the Management of Small Scale Busines...ijtsrd
The study examines the effect of covid 19 on the performance of small scale enterprises in Nigeria. Notably, the outbreak of the highly infectious disease in December 2019 disrupted economic activities as movements were restricted and businesses shut down. As a result many businesses could not survive the onslaught due to declining demand, decreasing revenue and falling profit. This resulted in high unemployment and poverty. The study employs the chi square statistics to examine the contemporaneous dynamics between covid 19 and operations of SMEs in Nigeria. The study finds that covid 19 severely affected the growth of SMEs in Nigeria during the pandemic era. It is therefore recommended by the study that the successful containment of the problems occasioned by covid 19 will require a combination of both micro and macro policies. Thus, given the strategic position occupied by small and medium scale enterprise, government may consider measures aimed at supporting them. Alternatively, a wide array of measures should be introduced to mitigate the economic impact of the coronavirus outbreak on businesses. Lawal M. Broghoma | Magini Gideon "Economic Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on the Management of Small Scale Business in Nigeria (A Case Study of Africana Restaurant, Otefe-Oghara)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd43657.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.commanagement/other/43657/economic-impact-of-covid19-pandemic-on-the-management-of-small-scale-business-in-nigeria--a-case-study-of-africana-restaurant-otefeoghara/lawal-m-broghoma
Impact of COVID 19 on the Aviation Industry in Nigeriaijtsrd
This paper is a timely examination of the novel Corona Virus Covid 19 that is currently ravaging the entire world. The main objective of this research is to study the impact of this global pandemic on the aviation sector in Nigeria. The methodology adopted is basically qualitative, explorative and analytical in nature, involving the use of secondary data via journal publications, government official documents, health authorities’ data and internet materials. This due to the fact that the virus is novel and very recent. The study found out that the Covid 19 pandemic has thrown the entire global economic, political and social systems into turmoil. The Nigerian economy and aviation sector in particular, has been in a meltdown, which had been thrown into a huge crisis. Some of the negative impacts of the scourge on the Nigerian aviation industry include closure of airports and banning of flights, increasing industry debt profile, negative impact on tourism, increased competitive pricing and severe loss of jobs. In terms of future prognosis, it will be quite a while before the sector recovers and whenever it re opens, the most immediate visible change will be social distancing, touch less travel with passengers needing to be fit to travel. The turnaround time for local and international travels will increase as aircraft will be need to sanitize each time the planes land. Furthermore, there will be increased movement towards the digital space and most of the flight operations will be on digital platforms. Siyan, Peter | Adegoriola, Adewale E | Agunbiade, Olabode "Impact of COVID-19 on the Aviation Industry in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-5 , August 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31787.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/economics/other/31787/impact-of-covid19-on-the-aviation-industry-in-nigeria/siyan-peter
With the advent of the Internet, everyday devices are now interconnected. Due to the proliferation of the IoT, several offices and homes have become smart –functioning through connected devices. Increased usage of smart devices such as smart phones and tablets is pushing the demand for IoT monetization. It is a trend that is becoming a serious business activity for many and opening doors for future growth.
Measuring Industry Digitization: Leaders and Laggards in the Digital EconomyFlorian Gröne
The pace of digitization is picking up rapidly but the speed at which digitization is taking place varies a great deal from industry to industry. To gain a better understanding of the relative degree to which digitization is transforming different industries, we have created the Industry Digitization Index. Whether they are currently digitization leaders or laggards, all industries can benefit by investing in the input, processing, and output capabilities needed to extend their digital footprints throughout their business ecosystems.
MarketResearchReports.com has announced the addition of “Forecast of Global Power Distribution Units (PDU) Market 2024” research report to their offering. See more at- http://mrr.cm/w2a
LightCastle Partners’ annual flagship publication titled ‘The LightCastle Business Confidence Index 2019-20’ gauges the business sentiments of private sector leaders across several sectors, that have a notable contribution to the country’s economy. The industries to feature in this study were purposefully determined to include sectors that had the highest level of contribution to the country’s GDP.
“After all, in order to achieve impressive results as other advanced countries, Vietnam needs to accelerate its labor productivity. The confrontation between the world’s development models ultimately lies in the fact that which model creates higher productivity. That is also the reason why we see great world’s powers competing against each other primarily not about trade, but technology. As technology is the way to help Vietnam get rid of its short-sightedness and strive for ambitious visions, the dream of Vietnam becoming an IT nation will soon come true."
In the last 5 years, Vietnam has been going through positive changes in digital transformation, thus moving forward into a digital economy and a digital society. Therefore, the wave of tech startups as well as startup projects from large companies, has continuously been on the rise. With the entire technology industry’s substantial growth in general, it can be said that by 2020, Vietnam will be considered as an IT nation of Southeast Asia. Minister of Information and Communications Nguyen Manh Hung said that an additional 50,000 IT businesses (ICT) is necessary for Vietnam to accelerate its digital transformation. A trend called Make In Vietnam is on a strong momentum where the developers and technology experts have considered more about bringing Vietnamese products to the world. Product companies are gradually showing their appearance.
At present, the IT industry is being evaluated as one of the leading industries in Vietnam. There is a number of more than 153 institutions training 50,000 IT personnel. According to experts’ assessment, Vietnam will be an ideal destination for leading technology companies in the world and the region to have their product development located. Particularly in the Vietnam market, there are numerous small and large startups developing potential projects directly related to AI and Machine Learning, which creates an abundance of outstanding values for the technology industry as a whole.
Report includes:
- Vietnam - New Destination;
- Vietnam - IT Talent Pool;
- Vietnam Developers' Salary;
- Vietnam IT Personnel Supply-Demand
Report by: https://topdev.vn
Economic Impact of Covid 19 Pandemic on the Management of Small Scale Busines...ijtsrd
The study examines the effect of covid 19 on the performance of small scale enterprises in Nigeria. Notably, the outbreak of the highly infectious disease in December 2019 disrupted economic activities as movements were restricted and businesses shut down. As a result many businesses could not survive the onslaught due to declining demand, decreasing revenue and falling profit. This resulted in high unemployment and poverty. The study employs the chi square statistics to examine the contemporaneous dynamics between covid 19 and operations of SMEs in Nigeria. The study finds that covid 19 severely affected the growth of SMEs in Nigeria during the pandemic era. It is therefore recommended by the study that the successful containment of the problems occasioned by covid 19 will require a combination of both micro and macro policies. Thus, given the strategic position occupied by small and medium scale enterprise, government may consider measures aimed at supporting them. Alternatively, a wide array of measures should be introduced to mitigate the economic impact of the coronavirus outbreak on businesses. Lawal M. Broghoma | Magini Gideon "Economic Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on the Management of Small Scale Business in Nigeria (A Case Study of Africana Restaurant, Otefe-Oghara)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd43657.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.commanagement/other/43657/economic-impact-of-covid19-pandemic-on-the-management-of-small-scale-business-in-nigeria--a-case-study-of-africana-restaurant-otefeoghara/lawal-m-broghoma
Impact of COVID 19 on the Aviation Industry in Nigeriaijtsrd
This paper is a timely examination of the novel Corona Virus Covid 19 that is currently ravaging the entire world. The main objective of this research is to study the impact of this global pandemic on the aviation sector in Nigeria. The methodology adopted is basically qualitative, explorative and analytical in nature, involving the use of secondary data via journal publications, government official documents, health authorities’ data and internet materials. This due to the fact that the virus is novel and very recent. The study found out that the Covid 19 pandemic has thrown the entire global economic, political and social systems into turmoil. The Nigerian economy and aviation sector in particular, has been in a meltdown, which had been thrown into a huge crisis. Some of the negative impacts of the scourge on the Nigerian aviation industry include closure of airports and banning of flights, increasing industry debt profile, negative impact on tourism, increased competitive pricing and severe loss of jobs. In terms of future prognosis, it will be quite a while before the sector recovers and whenever it re opens, the most immediate visible change will be social distancing, touch less travel with passengers needing to be fit to travel. The turnaround time for local and international travels will increase as aircraft will be need to sanitize each time the planes land. Furthermore, there will be increased movement towards the digital space and most of the flight operations will be on digital platforms. Siyan, Peter | Adegoriola, Adewale E | Agunbiade, Olabode "Impact of COVID-19 on the Aviation Industry in Nigeria" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-5 , August 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31787.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/economics/other/31787/impact-of-covid19-on-the-aviation-industry-in-nigeria/siyan-peter
Cooperative A Positive Growth Driver in a Pandemic Economyijtsrd
The pandemic economy is an economy inflicted with deadly disease or plague such as the corona virus disease 2019 COVID 19 . The economy is characterized with setbacks in social and economic activities including deaths as a result of the deadly disease. This study therefore examined the COVID 19 Pandemic its meaning, origin and the need to overcome the pandemic. The paper described how global, regional and national cooperation can help overcome the pandemic using cooperative as a platform. However, considering the economic, social and environmental challenges of the pandemic, this paper contends that the cooperative model of enterprise has in recent time proven to be more sustainable and reliable platform for social and economic transformation in the Nigerian economy in the pandemic era for some obvious reasons The paper posited that the government and donor agencies have relied on cooperative in fighting hunger and poverty. The cooperative has also been relied upon for achieving national food security programme. Institutions both educational and other agencies are setting up one form of cooperative organization or the other for solving their social and economic needs. Research has also shown that many micro business owners rely on cooperative group membership for their business growth. Today, the cooperative ideals are spread across all sectors of the economy even without much publicity. Most importantly the pandemic made thousands if not millions of people informal members of cooperative organization in an effort to survive the vicious attack of the pandemic. The paper concludes that it is imperative that a clear cut cooperative sector that will serve as a professional and institutional base for cooperative growth and development in Nigeria be established. Anigbogu, Theresa Ukamaka | Uzochukwu, Lebechukwu David | Akwaekwe, Christian Ikechukwu "Cooperative: A Positive Growth Driver in a Pandemic Economy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-4 , June 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50361.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/economics/other/50361/cooperative-a-positive-growth-driver-in-a-pandemic-economy/anigbogu-theresa-ukamaka
Survival of Small Scale Businesses during Covid 19 Pandemic Challenges, Impac...ijtsrd
The study examined the Survival of small scale businesses during covid 19 pandemic challenges, impact and strategies in Anambra State. Relevant literature was reviewed. Descriptive research design was adopted. This study was carried out in Anambra, Nigeria. The population of study comprised 7061 register small scale businesses in. Content Validity of instrument was adopted. The researcher used test retest and Cronbach’s alpha was used to verify the internal consistency of each construct in order to achieve reliability of instrument. Descriptive statistics such as mean and standard deviation was used to present quantitative data in form of tables. The study also employed Multiple Regression Analysis MRA method to evaluate the effect of COVID 19 pandemic and the survival of small scale businesses in Anambra state, Nigeria. Challenges faced by small scale businesses during the covid 19 pandemic has a positive significant effect on the survival of small scale businesses in Anambra state. Lockdown on the revenue of small scale businesses during Covid 19 pandemic has a negative significant effect on the survival of small scale businesses in Anambra state. Strategies taken for the survival of small scale businesses during Covid 19 pandemic has on positive significant effect on the survival of small scale businesses in Anambra State. The study concluded that Covid 19 survival strategies has on positive significant effect on small scale businesses in Anambra State. The study recommended that Anambra State government should drastically reduce the costs of governance and operation and provide strategies for accessing grants and loans from international community in order to enhance SMEs in the state. That the government should provide financial supports for the diversification of various aspects of small and medium enterprises SMEs such as agriculture, manufacturing, beauty cosmetics etc. in order to be responsive to the impact of COVID 19 in the country and government should provide technological equipment for effectiveness and efficiency of small and medium enterprises SMEs especially by promoting digital economy through delivery and payment system. More importantly, the focus should be on integration of the digitization into business operations in order to explore the emerging business opportunities in the country. Nwankwo Ekene Ezinwa | Uchenu Chimezie Adamma | Idemobi Ellis Ifeanyi "Survival of Small-Scale Businesses during Covid-19 Pandemic; Challenges, Impact and Strategies in Anambra State" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-2 , April 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/papers/ijtsrd55174.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com.com/management/business-economics/55174/survival-of-smallscale-businesses-during-covid19-pandemic-challenges-impact-and-strategies-in-anambra-state/nwankwo-ekene-ezinwa
Economic impact of COVID-19 lock down on small medium enterprise (smes) in la...SubmissionResearchpa
The effect of COVID-19 has negative consequence which has been an invisible enemy raging the entire world populace leading to a global economic crisis. Business across the globe are feeling the negative outcome of the COVID 19 pandemic threatening their ongoing economic daily activities. SMEs in Nigeria are not left out in the share of this negative pandemic, limiting their survival existence. The shutdown of economic activities has greatly affected SMEs in Nigeria. This has led to employees under SMEs lose their jobs. It was concluded that adequate measures needs to be taken by government to cushion the negative effect of COVID 19 in collapsing the existence of SMEs. by Aribisala, and Oluwadamilare Olufolarin 2020. Economic impact of COVID-19 lock down on small medium enterprise (smes) in lagos state. International Journal on Integrated Education. 3, 7 (Jul. 2020), 62-68. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31149/ijie.v3i7.490. https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/490/467 https://journals.researchparks.org/index.php/IJIE/article/view/490
Containing the COVID 19 Pandemic in Nigeria A Reflection on Government Action...ijtsrd
The outbreak of the COVID 19 pandemic led to the lockdown of the global economy in the early part of the year 2020. In line with the measures recommended by the World Health Organization WHO , countries also introduced further mechanisms based on their respective unique environment to contain the virus. This paper reflected on the citizens’ reactions to government measures in containing the COVID 19 pandemic in Nigeria. Specifically, it reviewed the government’s actions towards containing the virus and how they influenced the citizens’ response. The study was qualitative and focused between March and September 2020. Relying on secondary data that were analyzed through content analysis, we triangulated the Persuasive Communication Theory and Resistance Theory to interrogate the governments actions and the citizens’ reactions. We argued that the governments approach towards containing the virus contributed to i the doubt on the existence of the virus in the country held by some of the citizens, ii the lack of strict observation of precautionary measures and safety regulations, iii the seeming non co operation between the government and the citizens in containing the virus. The implications of this relationship pose challenges for future epidemics, pandemics, and development in the country and could serve as a premise for further research. Vincent Chukwukadibia Onwughalu "Containing the COVID-19 Pandemic in Nigeria: A Reflection on Government Actions and Citizens Reactions" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-6 , October 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd35701.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/other/35701/containing-the-covid19-pandemic-in-nigeria-a-reflection-on-government-actions-and-citizens-reactions/vincent-chukwukadibia-onwughalu
Prepare a research work about the effect of this pandemic to business environment in the country and how does it affect the present economy. Cite a way how the present administration can cope up with this problem. Is there a way how to overcome it?
The monetary policy and related measures of Taiwan are successful in overcoming the adverse
impacts of pandemic on its economy. Taiwan has managed the spread of COVID-19 far better than most. Except
for a few short weeks of soft lockdown in March in 2021, life in Taiwan has been normal. Taiwan’s ability to
fight COVID-19 illustrates its excellent
The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of covid-19 on economic growth in SADC. Covid19 has been a challenge and still a challenge in many parts of the world across the globe. As a result of covid-19 many people from all walk of life lost their businesses, their belongings, their jobs, including friends and relatives due the deadly pandemic and Africa was no exemption from all these. As consequences of covid-19 particularly in SADC and beyond many people lost their lives, the unemployment rate has augmented and trading relationship between SADC countries has been limping since the pandemic occurred in March 2020. Therefore, the present study recommends a SADC mitigation covid -19 measure strategies that would enable SADC countries to improve on the spread of covid-19 and strengthen the trading relationship among SADC countries
In most developing countries like Zambia, entrepreneurs contribute largely in a society’s economic growth and major interruptions such as the COVID-19 pandemic can have a negative impact on the well-being of its citizenry and businesses. The onset of the COVID 19 pandemic found many entrepreneurs unprepared and hence several businesses in societies were profoundly disrupted. During this crisis, entrepreneurs faced unexpected new challenges of creating sustainable business strategies.
Detailed write up on the impact of COVID on various aspects of life. This was published in the Mumbai university Research Journal in the month of June 2020.
Similar to The Impact of Covid 19 Pandemic on Small and Medium Scale Enterprises’ SMEs Performance in Yobe State (20)
Cosmetics are defined as “items with mild action on the human body for the purpose of cleaning, beautifying, adding to the attractiveness, altering the appearance, or keeping or promoting the skin or hair in good condition- while functional cosmetics, even if falling under the cosmetic definition, are designated as “items fulfilling specific actions like skin whitening, minimizing the appearance of lines in the face and body, protecting from the sun and sun tanning-. Ahiya Noor | Dr. Gaurav Kumar Sharma | Dr. Kaushal Kishore Chandrul "Cosmetic Science: An Overview" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45135.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/other/45135/cosmetic-science-an-overview/ahiya-noor
Standardization and Formulations of Calotropis ProceraYogeshIJTSRD
Plants growing in arid regions have elicited increased attention, because the hostile environment, in which these plants survive, forces them to develop chemical protective systems through adaptation which is rarely found in vegetation of other ecosystems. Furthermore, many of the plants grow in areas, where the dependence on traditional, plant based medicines over industrially produced pharmaceuticals persists to this day. The two plants, Calotopris Procera giant milkweed, also named C. Persica and Calotropis gigantea crown ower , have been used widely in traditional medicine in North Africa, the Middle East, and South and South East Asia. This has led to extensive research on the chemical constituents of the plants. Both plants are known to be sources of cardenolides, and newer research has yielded a number of interesting cancer active constituents. In addition, extracts of both plants have remarkable nematocidal, molluscidal and insecticidal activities. In many regions, the wood of Calotropis plants has been used as a building material and as a source of fuel. In addition, certain parts of the plants have been used as feed for livestock. In other regions, Calotropis plants are seen as invasive species that threaten local plant life and that due to their toxicity also pose a threat to grazing eld animals. Jaffar Khan | Pankaj Chasta | Dr. Gaurav Kumar Sharma | Dr. Kaushal Kishore Chandrul "Standardization and Formulations of Calotropis Procera" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45145.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/other/45145/standardization-and-formulations-of-calotropis-procera/jaffar-khan
Review of the Diagnosis and Treatment of ParalysisYogeshIJTSRD
Paralysis is a complete loss of motor power in any muscle group. When paralysis affects all four extremities, it is called quadriplegia when it affects only the lower extremities, paraplegia and when it affects the extremities on one side of the body, hemiplegic. For this reason, the term paralysis is generally reserved for more focal, less stereotyped weakness, for instance, affecting all the muscles innervated by a peripheral nerve. Many different anatomical lesions and etiologies can cause paralysis and determine its treatment. Bikash Debsingha | Dr. Gourav Kr. Sharma | Dr. Kausal Kishore Chandrul "Review of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Paralysis" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45108.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/pharmacology-/45108/review-of-the-diagnosis-and-treatment-of-paralysis/bikash-debsingha
Comparative Analysis of Forced Draft Cooling Tower Using Two Design Methods A...YogeshIJTSRD
Cooling towers make use of evaporation whereby some of the water is evaporated into a moving air stream and subsequently discharged into the atmosphere which results in cooling of the remainder water. The current research reviews various studies conducted on cooling tower using experimental and numerical techniques. Different design configuration and operating conditions on cooling towers are evaluated by various researchers. Significant findings from researches have shown new and improved design of cooling tower with much better performance as compared to conventional design. Neetish Kumar Sao | Dr. Surendra K. Dwivedi "Comparative Analysis of Forced Draft Cooling Tower Using Two Design Methods: A Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45100.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/45100/comparative-analysis-of-forced-draft-cooling-tower-using-two-design-methods-a-review/neetish-kumar-sao
Criminology Educators Triumphs and StrugglesYogeshIJTSRD
This research study is geared on determining the triumphs and struggles of criminology educators. Included on the aim is to know their experiences and story being considered as teacher by accident. A qualitative research design was applied in this study. Researchers conducted a personal interview with the respondents with the aid of a guide questions which all points to main issue of this study. The findings of the study revealed that out of seven respondents, four are on the age bracket of 21 to 25 years old, two respondents are on the age bracket of 26 to 30 years old and a single respondent is on the age bracket of 36 to 40 years. Most of the respondents find enthusiasm in teaching and are aware that there is a need for them to proceed in post graduate studies for them to have a considerable salary. As to financial stability, only 1out of 7 considers herself as financially stable. The rest are saying that as of the moment, they are not yet financially stable basing on the rate of their salary. Qualification matters a lot in the field of academe because this was being shared by one of the respondents who considers herself as financially stable. Also, all of the respondents do not consider teaching as their first career of choice but most of them does not have any plan of shifting to another career. Girlie N. Cañete | Harry Santiago P. Achas | Pamela N. Cañete "Criminology Educators: Triumphs and Struggles" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45082.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/education/45082/criminology-educators-triumphs-and-struggles/girlie-n-cañete
A Review Herbal Drugs Used in Skin DisorderYogeshIJTSRD
The human bodys skin is an organ that allows it to interact with the environment while also shielding it from harmful external influences. People of all ages suffer from skin diseases all over the world. Its vital to keep your skin in good form for a healthy physique. Plants have been employed in some form or another since the beginning of time. This research has highlighted some prevalent skin disease issues, as well as the herbals utilized in disease therapy and the various formulations accessible in the pharmaceutical industry. Some medicinal plants have been shown to be quite effective in removing or reducing skin infection disorders. Chandramita Borah | Dr. Gaurav Kumar Sharma | Dr. Kaushal Kishore Chandrul "A Review: Herbal Drugs Used in Skin Disorder" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45118.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/other/45118/a-review-herbal-drugs-used-in-skin-disorder/chandramita-borah
Automatic Query Expansion Using Word Embedding Based on Fuzzy Graph Connectiv...YogeshIJTSRD
The aim of information retrieval systems is to retrieve relevant information according to the query provided. The queries are often vague and uncertain. Thus, to improve the system, we propose an Automatic Query Expansion technique, to expand the query by adding new terms to the user s initial query so as to minimize query mismatch and thereby improving retrieval performance. Most of the existing techniques for expanding queries do not take into account the degree of semantic relationship among words. In this paper, the query is expanded by exploring terms which are semantically similar to the initial query terms as well as considering the degree of relationship, that is, “fuzzy membership- between them. The terms which seemed most relevant are used in expanded query and improve the information retrieval process. The experiments conducted on the queries set show that the proposed Automatic query expansion approach gave a higher precision, recall, and F measure then non fuzzy edge weights. Tarun Goyal | Ms. Shalini Bhadola | Ms. Kirti Bhatia "Automatic Query Expansion Using Word Embedding Based on Fuzzy Graph Connectivity Measures" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45074.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/45074/automatic-query-expansion-using-word-embedding-based-on-fuzzy-graph-connectivity-measures/tarun-goyal
A New Proposal for Smartphone Based Drowsiness Detection and Warning System f...YogeshIJTSRD
This paper proposes a Smartphone based system for the detection of drowsiness in automotive drivers. The proposed system uses three stage drowsiness detection technique. The first stage uses the percentage of eyelid closure PERCLOS which is obtained by capturing images with the front camera of the Smartphone with a modified eye state classification method. The system uses near infrared lighting for illuminating the face of the driver during night driving. The second step uses the voiced to the unvoiced ratio VUR obtained from the speech data from the microphone, in the event PERCLOS crosses the threshold. The VUR is also compared with a threshold and if it is a value greater than that of the threshold, it moves on to the next verification stage. In the final verification stage, touch response is required within the stipulated time to declare whether the driver is drowsy or not and subsequently sound an alarm. To awake the driver, a vibrating mechanism is done and also the live GPS location is also sent to an emergency contact. We have studied eight other reference papers for the literature review. The system has three advantages over existing drowsiness detection systems. First, the three stage verification process makes the system more reliable. The second advantage is its implementation on an Android smart phone, which is readily available to most drivers or cab owners as compared to other general purpose embedded platforms. The third advantage is the use of SMS service to inform the control room as well as the passenger regarding the loss of attention of the driver. Abishek K Biju | Godwin Jolly | Asif Mohammed C A | Dr. Paul P Mathai | Derek Joseph "A New Proposal for Smartphone-Based Drowsiness Detection and Warning System for Automotive Drivers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45083.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/45083/a-new-proposal-for-smartphonebased-drowsiness-detection-and-warning-system-for-automotive-drivers/abishek-k-biju
Data Security by AES Advanced Encryption StandardYogeshIJTSRD
Now a days with the rapid development of multimedia technologies, research on safety and security are becoming more important. Multimedia data are generated and transmitted through the communication channels and the wireless media. The efficiencies of encryption based on different existing algorithms are not up to the satisfactory limit. Hence researchers are trying to modify the existing algorithm or even develop new algorithms that help to increase security with a little encryption time. Here in this paper, we have furnished a new technology to modify the AES algorithm which gives more security with a little encryption time and which can be used to encrypt using 128 bit key. Theoretical analysis on the proposed algorithm with the existing reveals the novelty of our work. Here we have proposed a technique to randomize the key and hidden the key data into an encrypted digital image using the basics concept of cryptography and also using the concept of digital watermarking, the concept of key hide has also been encrypted. We have also proposed a new technique to reposition the pixels to break the correlation between them. So, the proposed scheme offers a more secure and cost effective mechanism for encryption. Next on the AES criteria list good performance. Widespread market adoption will require reasonably good performance on a variety of platforms, ranging from easy tocrack smart cards to the largest servers. Good algorithm performance includes speed for the encryption and decryption process as well as the key schedule. Prateek Goyal | Ms. Shalini Bhadola | Ms. Kirti Bhatia "Data Security by AES (Advanced Encryption Standard)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45073.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/computer-security/45073/data-security-by-aes-advanced-encryption-standard/prateek-goyal
Antimicrobial and Phytochemical Screening of Phyllantus NiruriYogeshIJTSRD
Theorigin of Phyllanthus niruri is tropical America from there it spread as a weed to other tropic and sub tropics. It is a tropical annual herb shrub which grows as weed in moist humid waste land. Phyllanthus niruri is among more than 500 Phyllanthus species that are widely spread in temperate and tropical climates region Lizuka et al., 2007. It grows 30 40 cm in height, has small leaves and yellow flowers the stem has green capsule, and blooms with flowers with 5 white sepals and apical acute anther.38g of Mueller Hinton Agar was dissolved in 1000ml distilled water in a conical flask, the mouth of the conical flask was plugged with cotton woo wrapped in aluminium foil. This was sterilized in an autoclave at 121oC for 15mns. The media was removed and allowed to cool to 45oC, later poured into a sterilized plastic petri plates which were appropriately labeled. The present study revealed the antimicrobial activity and phytochemical screening of phyllanthus niruri. The antimicrobial activity of phyllanthus niruri shows great significant against pathogens which are responsible for common infections of skin, respiratory, urinary and gastrointestinal tracts. The phytochemical screening of oxalate, terpenoids, tannins, phenols, quinones, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins and steroids were all found to be active within the plant. This bioactive phytochemicals present in P. niruri can be useful for further researches on the plant P. nururi since the phytochemicals have shown preclinical efficacies for treating human diseases’ which include hepatitis and HIV AIDS. This work has compiled the chemical constituents present and can be useful for further researches Dr. Mohammed Musa Lawan | Yusuf Sale Baba "Antimicrobial and Phytochemical Screening of Phyllantus Niruri" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd44948.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/chemistry/other/44948/antimicrobial-and-phytochemical-screening-of-phyllantus-niruri/dr-mohammed-musa-lawan
There is a need for temperature drop in a buried pipeline based on the media and process. Need of some methodology and design requirement for a set of conditions by reducing pipeline surface temperature and the temperature drops to atmospheric temperature at a particular distance of pipeline. Based on the conduction principle, desire reduction up to atmospheric temperature can be possible. Let us understand by below methods and design of Heat sink for buried pipe line. Natvarbhai Prabhudas Gajjar "Heat Sink for Underground Pipe Line" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45117.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/other/45117/heat-sink-for-underground-pipe-line/natvarbhai-prabhudas-gajjar
Newly Proposed Multi Channel Fiber Optic Cable CoreYogeshIJTSRD
Fiber optic cables have single core and multiple core options, but single and multiple core fiber cable -˜s core design need to be updated. Newly proposed design gives facilities to multiple usage than traditional design of cable core. Cable core design needs improvement by using present technology for decreasing material and cost and by improving efficiency of cable. Research need to be carried out in this direction. What do you think Natvarbhai Prabhudas Gajjar "Newly Proposed Multi Channel Fiber-Optic Cable Core" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45116.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/other/45116/newly-proposed-multi-channel-fiberoptic-cable-core/natvarbhai-prabhudas-gajjar
Security Sector Reform toward Professionalism of Military and PoliceYogeshIJTSRD
The need to understand and at the same time give prescriptions for the direction of security reform in Third world countries after the end of World War II has prompted the emergence of a big project called the study of security reform SSR . Within this framework emerge various theories and strategies for security reform, with various variations, including ideological variations that underlie these theories. The reform of the structural aspect is a reform of the institutional and structure of an institution, the instrumental reform includes the reform of the system, laws and regulations, while the reform of the cultural aspect is a reform of the habits or organizational culture in institutions in general and in particular the Timor Leste’s security institutions, both military and police. Arquimino Ramos "Security Sector Reform toward Professionalism of Military and Police" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45061.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/45061/security-sector-reform-toward-professionalism-of-military-and-police/arquimino-ramos
Stress An Undetachable Condition of LifeYogeshIJTSRD
Stressful life events affects human body, which may lead to cardiovascular diseases and effect metabolism and immune system. Recent studies showed increase in stress levels in developing countries. This study aimed to determine the stress levels in MBBS students. The objectives of the study are a To determine the current stress level, b To assess relation between stress level and lifestyle of college students. The present study was carried out in Ahmedabad City of Gujarat State. A total of 400 medical students were included in the study, which were selected using multi stage sampling aged between 18 years to 25 years. Students were questioned regarding their socioeconomic and life style parameters. The results showed that physical activity such as walking, exercise, yoga, meditation etc. were associated to stress levels. College students showed high stress levels with more satisfaction were mostly smokers. Their major reason for eating junk food and smoking was, increase in stress. Conclusion Majority of students suffered from moderate stress levels. Despite of having stress they were happy and satisfied with life with less no internet addiction. Spirituality and stress scales had a positive correlation as most of the students were averagely highly spiritual. Discriminant function can be used to determine the stress level of a person using age, BMI, internet addiction, spirituality, happiness scale and life satisfaction scale of that person. Jayshree N. Tolani | Dr. Nitinkumar D. Shah "Stress: An Undetachable Condition of Life" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45054.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/45054/stress-an-undetachable-condition-of-life/jayshree-n-tolani
Comparative Studies of Diabetes in Adult Nigerians Lipid Profile and Antioxid...YogeshIJTSRD
The study sought to determine the extent to which the usage of social media in the marketing of agricultural products in South West Nigeria can enhance farmers turnover. It employed the survey research design to collect data with the help of a structured questionnaire to elicit information from respondents selected from six 6 south western states. Research data were analysed using structural equation modelling. The results showed that the use of social media WhatsApp and Facebook in marketing of agricultural products significantly enhances farmers turnover. The managerial implication is that use of Whatsapp and Facebook in the marketing of agricultural products for the enhancement of farmers’ turnover was found to have significant influence on the enhancement in farmers’ turnover from agricultural products. Policy makers in government should provide the enabling environment for the telecommunication companies to enhance their reach by installing their facilities across the length and breadth of the country so that the network coverage will be strong at all times so that the benefits of social media usage will not be constrained. Egejuru, Leonard O | Akubugwo, Emmanuel I | Ugorji, Beatrice N "Comparative Studies of Diabetes in Adult Nigerians: Lipid Profile and Antioxidants Vitamins (A and C)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45021.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biochemistry/45021/comparative-studies-of-diabetes-in-adult-nigerians-lipid-profile-and-antioxidants-vitamins-a-and-c/egejuru-leonard-o
To Assess the Severity and Mortality among Covid 19 Patients after Having Vac...YogeshIJTSRD
The severity and mortality of COVID 19 cases has been associated with the Three category such as vaccination status, severity of disease and outcome. Objective presently study was aimed to assess the severity and mortality among covid 19 patients. Methods Using simple lottery random method 100 samples were selected. From these 100 patients, 50 patients were randomly assigned to case group and 50 patients in control group after informed consents of relative obtained. Patients in the case group who being died after got COVID 19 whereas 50 patients in the control group participated who were survive after got infected from COVID 19 patients. Result It has three categories such as a Vaccination status For the vaccination status we have seen 59 patients were not vaccinated and 41 patients was vaccinated out of 100. b Incidence There were 41 patients were vaccinated whereas 59 patients were not vaccinated. c Severity In the case of mortality we selected 50 patients who were died from the Corona and I got to know that out of 50 patients there were 12 24 patients were vaccinated whereas 38 76 patients were non vaccinated. Although for the 50 control survival group total 29 58 patients were vaccinated and 21 42 patients was not vaccinated all graph start. Conclusion we have find out that those people who got vaccinated were less infected and mortality rate very low. Prof. (Dr) Binod Kumar Singh | Dr. Saroj Kumar | Ms. Anuradha Sharma "To Assess the Severity and Mortality among Covid-19 Patients after Having Vaccinated: A Retrospective Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45065.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/45065/to-assess-the-severity-and-mortality-among-covid19-patients-after-having-vaccinated-a-retrospective-study/prof-dr-binod-kumar-singh
Novel Drug Delivery System An OverviewYogeshIJTSRD
In present scenario evolution of an existing drug molecule from a old form to a novel delivery system can significantly improve its performance in terms of patient compliance, safety and efficacy. In the form of a control drug delivery system an existing drug molecule can get a new life. An appropriately designed Novel Drug Delivery System can be a major advance for solving the problems related towards the release of the drug at specific site with specific rate. The porpuse for delivering drugs to patients efficiently and with fewer side effects has prompted pharmaceutical companies to engage in the development of new drug delivery system. This article covers the basic information regarding Novel Drug Delivery Systems and also advantages, factor etc. Chiranjit Barman | Dr. Gaurav Kumar Sharma | Dr. Kausal Kishore Chandrul "Novel Drug Delivery System: An Overview" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45068.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/novel-drug-delivery-sys/45068/novel-drug-delivery-system-an-overview/chiranjit-barman
With the growth of technology their grows threat to our data which is just secured by passwords so to make it more secure biometrics came into existence. As biometric systems are adopted and accepted for security purpose for various information and security systems. Hence it is immune to attacks. This paper deals with the security of biometric details of individuals. In this paper we will be discussing about biometrics and its types and the threats and security issues which is not talked about usually. The different technologies evolved and had contributed to biometrics in long run and their effects. Sushmita Raulo | Saurabh Gawade "Security Issues Related to Biometrics" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd44951.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/computer-security/44951/security-issues-related-to-biometrics/sushmita-raulo
Comparative Analysis of Different Numerical Methods for the Solution of Initi...YogeshIJTSRD
A mathematical equation which involves a function and its derivatives is called a differential equation. We consider a real life situation, from this form a mathematical model, solve that model using some mathematical concepts and take interpretation of solution. It is a well known and popular concept in mathematics because of its massive application in real world problems. Differential equations are one of the most important mathematical tools used in modeling problems in Physics, Biology, Economics, Chemistry, Engineering and medical Sciences. Differential equation can describe many situations viz exponential growth and de cay, the population growth of species, the change in investment return over time. We can solve differential equations using classical as well as numerical methods, In this paper we compare numerical methods of solving initial valued first order ordinary differential equations namely Euler method, Improved Euler method, Runge Kutta method and their accuracy level. We use here Scilab Software to obtain direct solution for these methods. Vibahvari Tukaram Dhokrat "Comparative Analysis of Different Numerical Methods for the Solution of Initial Value Problems in First Order Ordinary Differential Equations" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45066.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/mathemetics/applied-mathematics/45066/comparative-analysis-of-different-numerical-methods-for-the-solution-of-initial-value-problems-in-first-order-ordinary-differential-equations/vibahvari-tukaram-dhokrat
Evaluation of Different Paving Mixes Using Optimum Stabilizing ContentYogeshIJTSRD
Bituminous mixes are most commonly used all over the world in flexible pavement construction. It consists of asphalt or bitumen used as a binder and mineral aggregate which are mixed together, laid down in layers and then compacted. Under normal circumstances, conventional bituminous pavements if designed and executed properly perform quite satisfactorily but the performance of bituminous mixes is very poor under various situations. Today’s asphaltic concrete pavements are expected to perform better as they are experiencing increased volume of traffic, increased loads and increased variations in daily or seasonal temperature over what has been experienced in the past. In addition, the performance of bituminous pavements is found to be very poor in moisture induced situations. Considering this a lot of work has been done on use of additives in bituminous mixtures and as well as on modification of bitumen. Research has indicated that the addition of polymers to asphalt binders helps to increase the interfacial cohesiveness of the bond between the aggregate and the binder which can enhance many properties of the asphalt pavements to help meet these increased demands. However, the additive that is to be used for modification of mix or binder should satisfy both the strength requirements as well as economical aspects. Naveen Kumar | Ms. Shivani "Evaluation of Different Paving Mixes Using Optimum Stabilizing Content" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45089.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/45089/evaluation-of-different-paving-mixes-using-optimum-stabilizing-content/naveen-kumar
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
2. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD40019 | Volume – 5 | Issue – 3 | March-April 2021 Page 879
measures taken by the federal government had negative
effects on her citizens and also on the economy. They
coerced people to stay at home; businesses and offices were
closed, excluding the health care sector and essential goods
providers (like food and water). This lead to loss of job
across the country accompanied with high crime rates in
states on total lockdown. Civil societies and government
agencies embarked on enlightenments campaigns for good
hygiene and social distancing inpublic places (Olapegbaetal.
2020).
On the bright side, the decision and measure have yielded a
high compliance rate from citizens, as they frequently
engage in hand washing, practice social distancing and self-
isolation, avoided going to work, schools, or crowded area
(Olapegbaet al. 2020). Also, most religious leaders in the
country have stopped large gathering,forbadehandshaking,
and directed its member to pray at home and use of hand
sanitizers (Makinde, Nwogu, Ajaja&Alagbe, 2020; Olatunji,
2020). These drastic measures taken by the government in
curtailing or flattening the COVID-19 curve must have its
own negative consequence especially on the Nigerian
economy in general and growth and sustenance ofsmall and
medium scale industry in particular.
This strange pandemic has virtually overwhelmed the globe
in both human and economic perspective. As at 2nd August
2020, the global number of confirmed cases is has risen to
17,660 523 (Seventeen Million, six hundred and sixty
thousand five hundred and twenty-three) out of which
sixteen million nine hundred andseventy-ninethousand and
six hundred and twenty-nine (16,979,629) people have
recovered, and sadly six hundred and eighty thousand and
eight hundred and ninety-four (680,894) people have lost
their lives from complications with the virus (W.H.O, 2020).
These effects are not limited to the destruction of lives, but
also involves setback in the performance of Small and
Medium Enterprises (SMEs). For example, many businesses
have demised in Yobe State, Nigeria due to the closure of
workplaces, through lockdown, many SMEs have stopped
operating for many months.
To overcome these negative impacts on the SMEs, the
Government had introduced palliatives throughtheCBN, but
still many businesses have been resuscitated. In view of the
above, the present study is designed to assess such impacts
in pre- and during COVID-19 period with a view to provide
measures for reviving these SMEs in Yobe State. This
research work is aimed at studying the impact ofCovid19on
the performance of Small and MediumScaleEnterprises ()in
Yobe state.
2. Literature Review
This section deals with the reviewofrelatedliteratureonthe
concept of COVID-19 and SMEs; as well as the cases of
COVID-19 from global through national to the Yobe State
levels. The sections also reviewed the impact of the COVID-
19 on the performance of the SMEs from the body of
literature. Studies on COVID-19 are many, but studies onthe
impact of COVID-19 on SMEs are very few, particularly in
Nigeria. One available literature on the topicisAifuwa,Saidu
& Aifuwa’s (2020) Corona Virus Pandemic Outbreak and
Firms Performance in Nigeria. Others includeGanaie,Zafar&
Seth’s (2020) Impact of COVID-19 (Coronavirus)onsmall and
medium enterprises in Pakistan and Makinde,Nwogu,Ajaja &
Alagbe’s (2020). “COVID-19 case update, among others.
2.1. Conceptual Clarifications
COVID-19: COVID-19 stands for corona virus disease 2019.
This implies that the first case of this viral diseasewas found
in the 2019. It is a viral disease that is difficult to cure but it
can be suppressed or be prevented through antibodies and
other social distancing measures. It is regarded as a global
pandemic given its effect and generation of widespread
panic world over. According to Unhale, Ansar, Sanap ,
Thakhre, Wadatkar, Bairagi,Sagrule..(2020),Corona Viruses
make up a large family of viruses that can infect birds and
mammals, including humans, according to world health
organisation (WHO).
SMEs: SMEs stands for Small and Medium Scale Enterprises.
They refer to those businesses that largely below large scale
industries, having few workers, less than fifteen including
the business owner. According to Abbasi, Wang & Abbasi
(2017:40), SMEs “are non-subsidiary, independent firms
which employ limited specified number of employees. This
number differs crosswise over nations”. Abbasi et al. (2017)
added that the ownership/legal form of small
business/privatesectoris categorized intothreemainforms;
sole proprietorships, ordinary partnerships andcompanies;
but the most common legal form under SMEs is sole
proprietorship.
2.2. Cases of COVID-19
After acknowledging that COVID-19’s first case was
identified in Wuhan late 2019, Aifuwa et al. (2020) agreed
the disease has spread rapidly to almost every region of the
world. The mode of spread is still vague, however health
researcher opined that the virus is transmitted via a fluid or
droplets contact with an infected person (Kim, 2020, Addiet
al. 2020, Bai, Yao, Wei, Tian, Jin, Chen & Wang, 2020, NCDC,
2020). Being a novel virus, COVID-19 poses a public health
risk because there is no drug or vaccine to eradicate the
spread (Addi, Benksim, Amine,&Cherkaoui,2020),however,
government of nations are using different measures and
strategies to contain it. Containment measures and
strategies, such as individual measure of protection
(frequently washing of hands, keeping good hygiene, social
distancing, use of a face mask in public place and hand
sanitizers), the authorization of the use placebos like the
hydroxychloroquine and other drugs to fight the virus
(Aifuwaet al. 2020). COVID 19 affects different people in
different ways.
Most of the businesses (53.7%) reported turning to their
cash reserves to survive this period while 13.8% reported
looking to access loans and 9.7% were looking to family and
friends for support. Result from Jobs/Employment shows
that 80.4% of the businesses reported that they were likely
to lay off staff citing prolonged period of the pandemic
(24.4%), inability to pay staff (22.6%), poor sales (18.2%)
and restricted movement (17.1%)as topreasons influencing
their decision to lay off staff. 82.8% of the businesses
indicated that they will likely lay off 1 – 5 employees. On the
area of need for support, most businesses reported needing
support with Cash flow (72.1%) and Sales (67.7%) and will
like the Government to provide support in the area of
funding (89.4%) and access to markets (33.8%). Similarly,
74% of the businesses will like the privatesector/enterprise
support organizations to provide funding and business
support (62.9%).
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The first case of corona virus in Yobe State was discovered
on 30th April 2020; a supposedly educated banker. As at the
end of July, there were 22 total recorded COVID-19 cases in
Yobe State (NCDC). Yobe state having been grappling with
the issue of insecurity is now faced with another menace of
the Corona virus. The decisions of both the Federal
government and the State government to restrictmovement
has further compounded the economic situation in Yobe
state in general and hence affecting the stability of SMEs in
particular.
2.3. Impact of COVID-19 on SMEs
Most infected people will develop mild and moderate illness
and recover without hospitalization. Most common
symptoms include; fever, dry cough andtiredness,whileless
common symptoms include: aches and pains, sore throat,
diarrhea, conjunctivitis, headache, loss of test or smell, rash
on skin or discoloration of fingers or toes (Worldometers,
2020). This dreaded virus has caused a negative impact on
the global economy, which has led to the crisis in businesses
across the globe. Aifuwaet al. (2020) submits that Corona
Virus disease has negatively affected both the financial and
non-finance performance of business in Nigeria. FATE
Foundation in partnership with Budget Nigeria studied the
impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Nigerian Micro, Small
and MediumEnterprises (MSMEs)businesses inNigeria with
the goal of engaging relevant stakeholders within the
entrepreneurshipecosystem arounddesigningsolutions and
interventions to support Nigerian MSMEs during and post
COVID-19 across the 36 states in Nigeria including the FCT.
They concluded that 94.3%being negativelyimpactedbythe
pandemic particularly in the areas of cash flow (72.1%),
Sales (67.7%) and Revenue (59.2%). Despite the negative
impacts of the pandemic, 47.1% of respondents were
positive that their businesses willsurvivethepandemic with
22.8% being unsure while 30% indicated that their
businesses will not survive the pandemic. In terms of
financial impact/cash flow, the survey revealed that a lot of
the businesses had their cash flow impacted. Only 13.2% of
businesses reported having enough cash flow to run their
businesses for 1 – 3 months. 33.3% had enough cash flow to
stay operational for 1 – 4 weeks and 27.6% for just 1 – 7
days.
Small and medium scale industries in Yobe have been
negatively impacted by the scourge of insurgency in Yobe
State over the last ten years. Stability of most of these SME’s
depends on the smooth running of both YobeStateandsome
other neighbouring States such as Borno, Jigawa and Kano
States and some parts of the neighbouring Chad Republic.
Insurgency coupled with the Government’s restriction of
intra and inter-state movements of humans and goods has
devastating effect on the smooth operations of SME’s in
Nigeria as a whole and Yobe in particular; because most of
the goods and services upon which these SME’s depends on
are ferried into the state form its neighbouring states like
Kano which is the biggest centre of business in northern
Nigeria. This research work is aimed at investigating the
extent to which government policies and other factors have
impacted on the smooth operations of SME’s in Yobe State.
3. Methodology
The study is a survey research design. The population of the
study includes male and female business owners in Yobe
State and the sample size is 301 respondents which was
selected through multi-stage cluster sampling (in which the
State will be divided into three clusters, based on senatorial
districts: Zone A, Zone B, and Zone C). Simple random
sampling technique was also adopted. The instruments of
data collection were questionnaire guides and one focus
group discussion (FGD) with the business owners to gather
their views and experiences about the impact of the COVID-
19 on their enterprises. Finally, mixed method (quantitative
and qualitative) was employed to analyse the data for the
questionnaire and the FGD, respectively.
It should however be noted that out of the 301
questionnaires distributed,only282were retrieved.Thus,as
would be seen in the total sample in the data presentation,
the analysis would be based on the retrievedquestionnaires.
4. Results and Discussions
This section deals with the presentation of the results and
discussion. As stated earlier, the data is based on the
retrieved questionnaires and there are complementarities
between the quantitative and qualitative data, i.e.
questionnaires and FGD.
Section A: Socio-Economic and Demographic
Information of the Respondents
This (sub) section deals with the socio-economic and
demographic information of the respondents. They include:
gender, age, marital status, educational qualification,
occupation and income of the respondents.
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Table 1.1: Gender Distribution of the Respondents
(N=282)
S/N Gender Frequency Percentage (%)
A Male 225 79.8
B Female 57 20.2
C No Response 0 0
Total 282 100
Source: Survey, 2020
Table 1.1 is the gender distribution of the respondents. Out
of the total sample, 79.8 percent constitutes males and 20.2
percent represents female respondents. This indicates that
females are under-represented in commercial activities in
Yobe State.
Table 1.2: Age Distribution of the Respondents
(N=282)
S/N
Age of the
Respondents
Frequency
Percentage
(%)
A 18-27 37 13.1
B 28-37 86 30.4
C 38-47 112 39.8
D 48-57 35 12.4
E 58-above 12 4.3
Total 282 100
Source: Survey, 2020
Table 1.2 is the age distribution of the respondents, which
shows that 13.1 percent of the total sample is between 18
and 27 years; 30.4 percent is between 28 and 37 years; 39.8
percent between 38 and 47 years; 12.4 percent is from 48 to
57 years; and 4.3 percent involves thosefrom58years ofage
and above.
Table 1.3: Marital Status of the Respondents (N=282)
S/N Marital Status Frequency Percentage (%)
A Single 47 16.6
B Married 224 79.4
C Divorced 6 2.1
D Widowed 3 1.1
E No answer 2 0.7
Total 282 100
Source: Survey, 2020
Table 1.3 is the marital status of the respondents, where
singles constitute 16.6 percent; married 79.4 percent,
divorced for 2.1 percent, widowed account for 1.1 percent
and 0.7 percent did not answer. Therefore, majority of the
sampled respondents are married.
Table 1.4: Educational Attainment of the Respondents
(N=282)
S/N
Educational
Attainment
Frequency
Percentage
(%)
A Primary 11 3.9
B Secondary 89 31.6
C Tertiary 129 45.7
D Others 53 18.8
Total 282 100
Source: Survey, 2020
Table 1.4 presents the distribution of the educational
attainment of the respondents. Respondents with primary
school education constitute 3.9 percent; those with
secondary school qualification accounted for 31.6 percent;
respondents with tertiary educationconstitute45.7 percent;
and those with other educational attainment, such as non-
formal education and vocational training represent 18.8
percent.
Table 1.5: Occupation of the Respondents (N=282)
S/
N
Response Frequency
Percentage
(%)
A Farming 38 13.5
B Civil servant 00 0.0
C Business man/woman 238 84.4
D Student 00 0.0
E Others 06 2.1
Total 282 100
Source: Survey, 2020
Table 1.5 shows the occupational distribution of the
respondents, where farmers constitute 13.5 percent; civil
servants account for 0.0 percent, business people represent
the majority (84.4%); students constitute 0.0 percent; and
others (such as artisans and bankers) constitute2.1percent.
Table 1.6: Monthly Income of the Respondents
(N=282)
S/N Response Frequency
Percentage
(%)
A Less than N10,000 00 0.0
B N10,000-N19,999 03 1.1
C N20,000-N29,999 35 12.4
D N30,000-N39, 999 54 19.1
E N40,000-above 190 67.4
Total 282 100
Source: Survey, 2020
Table 1.6 is the distribution of the respondents’ monthly
income. Respondents earning less than N10,000 constitute
0.0 percent; those earning between N10,000 and N19,999
represent 1.1%; those earning from N20,000 to N29,999
represent 12.4 percent; those earning from N30,000 to
N39,999 constitute 19.1 percent; and those earningN40,000
and above per month are the majority (67.4%). This finding
is in contrast with the finding ofAgbaje(2014) whoreported
that north-eastern Nigeria, where Yobe State is located, is
having high rate of poverty and unemploymentamongother
economic problems.
Section B: Performance of SMEs Prior the COVID-19
Incidence in Yobe State
This (sub)section tries to address the first objective of the
study, which is to investigate the performance of SMEs prior
the cases of COVID-19 in Yobe State.
Table 1.7: Whether SMEs Performed Well Before
COVID-19 in Yobe State (N=282) (N=282)
S/N Response Frequency Percentage (%)
A Yes 279 98.9
B No 02 0.7
C No Response 01 0.4
D Total 282 100
Source: Survey, 2020
Table 1.7 presents respondents’ views on whether SMEs
performed well before COVID-19 in Yobe State. Majority of
the respondents (98.9%)reportedthatSMEs performed well
before COVID-19 in YobeStateandminority(0.7%)reported
that SMEs did not performed well before COVID-19 in Yobe
State, while 0.4 percent did not respond.
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Table 1.8: How Important Were SMEs to the Yobe State
Economy before COVID-19 in State Yobe (N=282)
S/N Response Frequency Percentage (%)
A Very important 193 68.4
B Important 77 27.3
C Less important 09 3.2
D Undecided 03 1.1
Total 282 100
Source: Survey, 2020
Table 1.8 shows respondents’ views on how important were
SMEs to the Yobe State economy before COVID-19 in State
Yobe. Majority of the respondents (68.4%) reported that
SMEs were very important in Yobe State before COVID-19;
27.3 percent reported that SMEs were just importantduring
that period; 3.2 percent reported that they were less
important; and 1.1 percent of the total sample did not
respond because they did not decide the answer. An FGD
respondent stated:
The Yobe State was dominated by civil service activities
before, but commercial activates later became the backbone
of the economic development of the State, especially in
places having high commercial activities like Nguru LGA,
Gashua LGA and Potiskum LGA. In fact, SMEs are important
in Yobe State (FGD with male respondent, 2020).
Table 1.9: Views on SMEs Employed more People in
Yobe State than Civil Service Sector Prior the COVID-
19 Incidence (N=282)
S/N Response Frequency Percentage (%)
A Strongly agree 129 45.7
B Agree 121 42.9
C Undecided 01 0.4
D Disagree 22 7.8
E Very low 09 3.2
Total 282 100
Source: Survey, 2020
Table 1.9 is the respondents’ views on whether SMEs
employed more people in Yobe State thancivilservicesector
prior the COVID-19 incidence. Out of the total sample, 45.7
percent strongly agreed that SMEs employedmorepeople in
Yobe State than civil service sector prior the COVID-19
incidence; 42 percent agreed that SMEs employed more
people in Yobe State than civil service sector prior the
COVID-19 incidence; 0.4 percent did not decide the answer;
7.8 percent disagree that SMEs employed more people in
Yobe State than civil service sector prior the COVID-19
incidence; and 3.2 percent strongly disagreed that SMEs
employed more people in Yobe State thancivilservicesector
prior the COVID-19 incidence.
An FGD respondent remarked that;
The SMEs have been promoting the economy of Yobe State
because they offer more employment opportunities to the
youths than the civil service in the State. Therefore, the
performance of SMEs prior COVID-19 was wonderful. (FGD
with female respondent, 2020).
Section C: The Performance of SMEs During COVID-19 in
Yobe State
This (sub) section tries to address thesecond objectiveof the
study, which is to examine the performance of SMEs during
COVID-19 in Yobe State.
Table 1.10: Views on Whether COVID-19 has Affected
the Performance of SMEs in Yobe State (N=282)
S/N Response Frequency Percentage (%)
A Yes 273 96.8
B No 08 2.8
C No Response 01 0.4
D Total 282 100
Source: Survey, 2020
Table 1.10 shows respondents’ views on whether COVID-19
has affected the performance of SMEs inYobeState.Majority
of the respondents (96.9%) reported that COVID-19 has
affected the performance of SMEs in YobeStateandminority
(2.8%) reported that COVID-19 did not affect the
performance of SMEs in Yobe State,while0.4 percent did not
respond.
Table 1.11: How COVID-19 Affects the Performance of
SMEs in Yobe State (N=282)
S/
N
Response Yes No Total
A
Closure of all firms,
including SMEs due
to total lockdown
253
(89.7%)
29
(10.3%)
282
B
Distraction and
widespread panic
due to the epidemic
241
(85.5%)
41
(14.5%)
282
C
Lack of raw
materials because
of less movement of
goods and services
195
(69.1%)
87
(30.1%)
282
D
Other effects,
specify
282
(100.0%)
00
(0.0%)
282
Source: Survey, 2020
Table 1.11 presents data on how COVID-19 affected the
performance of SMEs in Yobe State. Majority of the
respondents (89.7%) reported that COVID-19 affected the
performance of SMEs through closure of all firms, including
SMEs due to total lockdown in Yobe State, while minority
(10.3%) are of the view that COVID-19 did not affect the
performance of SMEs through closureofallSMEs duetototal
lockdown in the State. Out of the total sample, majority
(85.5%) are of the view that COVID-19 affected the
performance of SMEs due to distraction and widespread
panic due to the epidemic, while minority (14.5%) did not
think so. Also, majority (69.1%) reported that COVID-19 did
not affect the performance of SMEs through lack of raw
materials because of less movement of goods and services
during the pandemic, while 30.1 percentdidnotsuggestthat
COVID-19 has caused less movement of goods and services
during the pandemic, therefore did not affect SMEs in this
direction. The respondents have also suggested other areas
through which COVID-19 affected the performance of SMEs
in Yobe State, such as death of some owners of the SMEs
especially the old ones, expiration of some products due to
lock down, and downfall of some merchants that operate
SMEs in Yobe State. Duringthefocus groupdiscussion(FGD),
a respondent stated the following:
We have witnessed an unprecedented loss of lives and loss
in business and set back of profit, even though the peak of
COVID-19 pandemic has coupled with skyrocketed inflation
of goods and services not only in Yobe but also in Nigeria
and the world at large. Therefore, whoever told you that
COVID-19 had not devastated the commercial activities of
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this State is either unaware or he is mischievous... (FGDwith
male respondent, 2020).
Another FGD respondentmadea statementthatcountersthe
previous respondent’s view, thus:
The COVID-19 came along with various evils and unwanted
happenings; however, it has also brought many
developments to the business people. Many of the Nigerian
youths including owners of SMEs have gotten huge amount
of money that they never imagine they couldgetas loanoras
free at various levels. SO some people had their businesses
crippled and others revived and even developed. (FGD with
male respondent, 2020).
The finding is in agreement with the findings of Aifuwaet al.
(2020) who observed that COVID-19 has negatively affected
both the financial performance of businesses in Nigeria.
Table 1.12: Rate of the Performance of SMEs in the
Post- COVID-19 Period (N=282)
Source: Survey, 2020
Table 1.12 shows the rate of the performance of SMEs in the
post- COVID-19 period. Those respondents who reported
that the rate of the performance of SMEs in the post- COVID-
19 period was very high constitute 37.2 percent; those who
reported that the rate of the performance of SMEs in the
post- COVID-19 period was high constitute the majority
(40.1%); those who reported that the rate of the
performance of SMEs in the post- COVID-19 period was low
constitute 18.8 percent; while those who reported that the
rate of the performance of SMEs in the post- COVID-19
period was very low constitute the minority (3.9%).
Section D: Measures for Reviving SMEs after the COVID-
19 in Yobe State
This (sub) section tries to address the third objective of the
study, which is to suggest measures for the resilience of the
SMEs’ performance after the COVID-19 in Yobe State.
Table 1.13: Whether the Government has Introduced
Mechanisms for Reviving SMEs in the Post- COVID-19
Period (N=282)
S/N Response Frequency Percentage (%)
A Yes 230 81.6
B No 52 18.4
C No Response 00 0.0
D Total 282 100
Source: Survey, 2020
Table 1.13 presents respondents’ opinions on whether the
government has introduced mechanisms for reviving SMEs
in the post- COVID-19 period. Those who reported that the
government has introduced mechanisms for reviving SMEs
in the post- COVID-19 period constitute the majority
(81.6%).Those who reported that the government did not
introduce mechanisms for revivingSMEsinthepost- COVID-
19 period constitute the minority (18.4%).
Table 1.14: Programme Brought by the Government to
Revive the SMEs (N=282)
S/N Programme Yes No Total
A
Loan (COVID-19
Survival Fund,
CBN palliatives)
228
(80.9%)
54
(19.1%)
282
B
Trainings for
categories of
SMEs (Agri-
business, ICT,
vocational skills,
etc)
53
(18.8)
229
(81.2%)
282
C
Free goods and
services
45
(16.0%)
237
(84.0%)
282
D Others, specify
282
(100.0%)
00
(0.0%)
282
Source: Survey, 2020
Table 1.14 is a data showing the programme brought by the
government to revive the SMEs in Yobe state. Majority ofthe
sampled respondents (80.9%)reported thatthegovernment
brought loans (COVID-19 Survival Fund, CBN palliatives) to
revive the SMEs in Yobe state, while minority (19.1%) did
not suggest that the government brought loans (COVID-19
Survival Fund, CBN palliatives) to revive the SMEs in Yobe
state. Minority (18.8%) suggested that the government
introduced trainings for categories of SMEs (Agri-business,
ICT, vocational skills, etc) to revive the SMEs in Yobe state,
while majority (81.2%) did not believe that the government
introduced trainings for categories of SMEs to revive the
SMEs in Yobe state. Minority (16.0%) suggested that the
government brought free goods and services to revive the
SMEs in Yobe state, while majority (84.0%) did not believe
that the government brought free goods and services to
revive the SMEs in Yobestate.Otherprogrammes brought by
the government to revive the SMEs in Yobe state include
loosening some importation ofgoods’ bottlenecksandgrants
for the SMEs managers. One of the female FGD respondents
admitted that:
The Government has tried by giving us soft loans and some
of us secured resources for promoting our businesses while
new investors got these resource open new businesses in
different LGAs in this State (Yobe)... (FGD with a female
respondent, 2020).
Table 1.15: Views on Whether the Programmes are
Helpful in Reviving the SMEs in Yobe State (N=282)
S/N Response Frequency Percentage (%)
A Yes 201 71.3
B No 79 28.0
C No Response 02 0.7
D Total 282 100
Source: Survey, 2020
Table 1.15 presents respondents’ views on whether the
programmes brought by the government to revive the SMEs
in Yobe state are helpful. Majority of the respondents
(71.3%) reported that the programmes are helpful in
reviving the SMEs. Minority of the respondents (28.0%)
reported that the programmes are not helpfulin reviving the
SMEs; while 0.7 percent did not respond.
S/N Response Frequency Percentage (%)
A Very high 105 37.2
B High 113 40.1
C Undecided 00 0.0
D Low 53 18.8
E Very low 11 3.9
Total 282 100
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Table 1.16: The Militating Factors for the Success of
the Programmes (N=282)
S/N Programme Yes No Total
A Corruption
272
(96.5%)
10
(3.5%)
282
B
Lack of
information
281
(99.6%)
01
(0.4%)
282
C
Lack of SMEs’
qualification and
registration with
CAC
275
(97.5%)
07
(2.5%)
282
D Others, specify
282
(100.0%)
00
(0.0%)
282
Source: Survey, 2020
Table 1.16 presents data on the militating factors for the
success of the programmes. Out of the total sample,majority
(96.5%) has opined corruption to be oneofthemajorfactors
for the success of the programme; while minority (3.5%) did
not believe corruption is a militating factor forthesuccess of
the programmes. Also, majority (99.6%) has reportedlack of
information to be one of the major factors for the success of
the programme; while minority (0.4%) did not believe lack
of information is a militating factor for the success of the
programmes. Those who suggested lack of SMEs’
qualification and registration with CAC to be a militating
factor for the success of the programmes constitute 97.5
percent, while 2.5 percent did not believe lack of SMEs’
qualification and registration with CAC is a militating factor
for the success of the programmes. Other militating factors
suggested by therespondents include;genderdiscrimination
and inequality, lack of will from the side of the business
owners, environmental issues and the nature of the overall
national economy.
Another female FGD respondent stated that:
The Government has offered loans to many business people,
but women are underrepresented in these programmes
because they are not aware of the programmes, therefore
mostly men are the prime beneficiaries of the programme.
Similarly, most of the beneficiaries of the COVID-19 relief
fund did not use the money judiciously. (FGD with a female
respondent, 2020).
Table 1.17: The Roles of Non-State Actors in Reviving
the SMEs in Yobe State (N=282)
S/N Response Frequency Percentage (%)
A Very high 145 51.4
B High 107 37.9
C Undecided 02 0.7
D Low 21 7.4
E Very low 7 2.5
Total 282 100
Source: Survey, 2020
Table 1.17 is a data on the roles of non-state actors in
reviving the SMEs in Yobe State. Majority of the respondents
(51.4%) suggested that the role played by the non-state
actors is very high. Significantpercent (37.9%)reportedthat
the role of the non-state actors is high; 0.7 percent did not
respond; 7.4 percent reported that the role of the non-state
actors is low; while 2.5 percent reported that the role of the
non-state actors in reviving the SMEs in Yobe State is very
low. An FGD respondent stated:
There are non-state actors that are playing a significant role
in reviving SMEs in Yobe State and Nigeria at large. For
example, there areNGOs (Non-GovernmentalOrganisations)
that render social and economic development intervention
which include giving grants to the already existingSMEsand
newly proposed SMEs which have been distributed by some
donor agencies and others are underway as many potential
beneficiaries are waiting for the money to revive or kick-off
their businesses. (FGD with a male respondent, 2020).
Another FGD respondent said:
Even day before yesterday, there is an NGO announcing for
the impending social development package, which involves
free grant (not loan) to business owners. Thepackagewillbe
received by the beneficiaries in order to promote their
business enterprises after being hit by theCOVID-19.I heard
this announcement in ARTV satellite channel (Kano). The
applicants for this SMEs’revivingprogrammearenotlimited
to Kano State. People across the country (thus Yobeinlusive)
are eligible for applying. (FGD with a female respondent,
2020).
Table 1.18: Respondents’ Views on What to do to
effectively Revive the SMEs in Yobe State (N=282)
S/
N
Response Frequency
Percentage
(%)
A
Avoid discrimination while
reviving the SMEs
32 11.3
B
Understand the needs of
the CEOs of the SMEs
46 16.3
C
Give money not goods or
resources
31 11.0
D Interest free loans 131 46.5
E No answer 42 14.9
Total 282 100
Source: Survey, 2020
Table 1.18 presents respondents’ views on what to do to
effectively revive the SMEs in Yobe State. Out of the total
sample, 11.3 percent suggested avoidance of discrimination
on the gender, tribalism and ethnicity, religious or political
affiliations while reviving the SMEs; 16.3 percent suggested
that the funders should understand the needs of the CEOs of
the SMEs; 11.0 percent suggested that the beneficiaries
should be given money not goods or resources; majority
(46.9%) suggested that the funding agencies should offer
interest free loans; and 14.9 percent of the respondents did
not respond.
An FGD respondent stated that:
There should be deliberate effort at creating an atmosphere
in which the SMEs can continue to operate in the time of
pandemic like COVID-19 to save them from collapsing. This
can be done through introduction of online marketing to
advertise the products of the SMEs through internet;receive
orders online and then deliver to the customers without
violating social distancing protocols. (FGD with a male
respondent, 2020).
This finding is in agreement with the findings of Abbasi et al.
(2017) who provided an overview of alternative financing
solutions available to SMEs to have better understanding
and role of public policies. Abbasi et al. (2017) motivated
SMEs to widen their knowledge on available potential
financing sources other than traditional bank financing and
improve the understanding about opportunities and
challenges of financing instrumentsalternativetotraditional
debt.
8. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD40019 | Volume – 5 | Issue – 3 | March-April 2021 Page 885
5. Conclusion
The study assessed the impact of COVID-19 on the
performance of SMEs in Yobe State. In conclusion,COVID-19
has negatively affected the health, social and economic
development of the globe at large and Yobe State in
particular. SMEs have been performing greatly and they
were important to the Yobe State economy beforeCOVID-19
in State Yobe. However, the incidence of the COVID-19 has
brought setback to the commercial activities in the State.
COVID-19 affected the performanceofSMEs throughclosure
of all firms, including SMEs due to total lockdown. The SMEs
owners also experienced distraction and widespread panic
due to the epidemic; and lack of raw materials because of
less movement of goods and services during the pandemic.
Other areas through which COVID-19 affected the
performance of SMEs in Yobe State, include: death of some
owners of the SMEs especially the old ones, expiration of
some products due to lock down, and downfall of some
merchants that operate SMEs in Yobe State.
However, the study found out that the SMEs received some
supports from Gvernment and non-state actors, such as
NGOs with a view to revive them. These supports include
loans brought by the government (like COVID-19 Survival
Fund, and CBN palliatives) and offering of free goods and
services to revive the SMEs in Yobestate.Otherprogrammes
brought by the government to revive the SMEs in Yobe state
include loosening some importation of goods’ bottlenecks
and grants for the SMEs managers.
6. Recommendations
Based on the findings of the study, the following
recommendations are proffered in order to revive the SMEs
in Yobe State.
1. The government and development partners should
provide soft loans and free grants for indigenous SMEs
that are affected by COVID-19 for them get resuscitated
and develop more resilience.
2. There is the need for deliberate effort at making the
SMEs very strong to resist the rippleeffectoftheCOVID-
19.
3. As part of the resistance of SMEs to the pandemic, the
SMEs should be saved from collapsing by operating
during all forms of pandemics. They can do thatthrough
online marketing to advertise the products of the SMEs
through internet, receive orders online.
4. In order to promote the economic activities of Yobe
state in terms of output of goods and services of the
SMEs and create more jobs at relatively low capital cost,
especially the fast growing service sector, the
government anddevelopmentpartners shoulddevelopa
pool of skilled or semi-skilled workers as a basis for the
future industrial expansion.
5. The government should create more small scale
industries in the State to promote youth employment
prevent the downfall of many SMEs in Yobe State.
References
[1] Abati, R. (April 7, 2020). “Corona Blues”. Sahara
Reporters. Retrieved from:
https://saharareporters.com/2020/04/07/corona-
blues-reuben-abati
[2] Abbasi, W. A., Wang, Z. & Abbasi, D. A. (2017).
Potential Sources of Financing for Small and Medium
Enterprises (SMEs) and Role of Government in
Supporting SMEs. Journal of Small Business and
Entrepreneurship Development, 5 (2): 39-47.
[3] Addi, R. A., Benksim, A., Amine, M., & Cherkaoui, M.
(2020). Asymptomatic COVID-19 infection
management: The key to stopping COVID-19. Journal
of Clinical and Experimental.
[4] Aifuwa, H. O., Saidu, M & Aifuwa, S. A. (2020).
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Performance in Nigeria. Management and Human
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https://ssrn.com/abstract=3593361
[5] Bai, Y., Yao, L., Wei, T., Tian, F., Jin, D, Y., Chen, L. &
Wang, M. (2020). Presumed asymptomatic carrier
transmission of COVID-19. JAMA.
[6] Central Bank of Nigeria (2020). Definition of Small
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[7] Hassan, I. (March 26, 2020). The other COVID-19
pandemic: Fake news. Retrieved from
https://africanarguments.org/2020/03026/the-
other -covid-19-pandemic-fake-news/
[8] Li, Q, Guan, X., Wu, P., Wang, X., Zhou, L., & Tong, Y.
(2020). Early transmissiondynamics inWuhan,China
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[9] Kim, K. H. (2020). COVID-19. International Neurourol
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[10] Ganaie, M. A., Zafar, F & Seth, N. J. (2020). Impact of
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874_Impact_of_COVID19_Coronavirus_on_Small_and_
Medium_Enterprises_SMEs_Pakistan
[11] Makinde, F., Nwogu, S., Ajaja, T & Alagbe, J. (March22,
2020). “COVID-19 case update: Adeboye, Oyedepo,
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adeyemi-others-hold-online-services/.
[12] Unhale, S.S., Ansar, Q. B., Sanap, S., Thakhre, S.,
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Acknowledgement
The author acknowledges the contribution of Tertiary
Education Trust Fund(TETFund)forsponsoringtheconduct
of this research.
9. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD40019 | Volume – 5 | Issue – 3 | March-April 2021 Page 886
Appendix I
DEPARTMENT OF GENERAL STUDIES
MAI IDRIS ALOOMA POLYTECHNIC GEIDAM, YOBE STATE
QUESTIONNAIRE GUIDE FOR THE PUBLIC
Respondent’s Consent
Dear Sir/Ma,
I am an academic staff in the above named Department and institution. I am conducting research on the topic: The impact of
Covid-19 pandemic on the performance of small and medium scale enterprises (SMES) in Yobe State. To gather the
opinion of the general public on the subject matter within Yobe State, I am soliciting for your cooperation to kindly fill this
questionnaire. Your participation to answer the set of questions is voluntary. I assure you that the information given will
strictly be used for academic purpose, adhering to all the principle guiding research ethics.
Thank you for your cooperation.
JamaluddeenAbubakar Usman
Instruction: Tick (√) the option as appropriate.
Section A: Socio-Economic and Demographic Information of the Respondents
1. Gender
A. Male ( ) B. Female ( )
2. Age
A. 18-27 ( ) B. 28-37( ) C. 38-47 ( ) D. 48-57 E. 58 and above ( )
3. Marital status
A. Single ( ) B. Married ( ) C. Divorced D. Widowed ( )
4. Educational attainment
A. Primary ( ) B. Secondary ( ) C. Tertiary ( ) D. Others………….
5. Occupation
D. Farming ( ) B. Civil servant C. ( ) Business man/woman D. Student ( ) E. Others………….
6. Monthly Income
A. Less than N10,000 ( ) B. N10,000-N19,999 ( ) C. N20,000-N29,999 ( ) D. N30,000-N39, 999 E. N40,000-above ( )
Section B: Performance of SMEs Prior the COVID-19 Incidence in Yobe State
7. Do you think that SMEs were performing well prior the incidence of COVID-19 in Yobe State?
A. Yes ( ) B. No ( ) C. No response ( )
8. How important were SMEs to the economy of Yobe State before the cases of COVID-19 in the State?
a. Very important ( )
b. Important ( )
c. Less important ( )
d. Undecided ( )
9. Compared with the civil service sector, SMEs employed more people in Yobe State prior the COVID-19 incidence.
a. Strongly agree ( )
b. Agree ( )
c. Undecided ( )
d. Disagree ( )
e. Strongly disagree ( )
Section C: The Performance of SMEs During COVID-19 in Yobe State
10. Do you think that COVID-19 has affected the performance of SMEs in Yobe State?
a. Yes ( )
b. No ( )
c. No response ( )
11. If Q10 is yes, how did COVID-19 affect the performance of SMEs in Yobe State?
a. Closure of all firms, including SMEs due to total lockdown ( )
b. Distraction and widespread panic due to the epidemic ( )
c. Lack of raw materials because of less movement of goods and services ( )
d. Other effects, specify………………………………………………………….…………………………...
12. How can you rate the performance of SMEs in the post- COVID-19 period?
a. Very high ( )
b. High ( )
c. Undecided ( )
d. Low ( )
e. Very low ( )
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@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD40019 | Volume – 5 | Issue – 3 | March-April 2021 Page 887
Section D: Measures for Reviving SMEs After the COVID-19 in Yobe State
13. Do you know that the Government has introduced mechanisms for reviving SMEs in the post- COVID-19 period?
a. Yes ( )
b. No ( )
c. No response ( )
14. If Q13 is yes, what programme has the Government brought to revive the SMEs?
S/N Programme Yes No
A Loan (COVID-19 Survival Fund, CBN palliatives)
B Trainings for categories of SMEs (Agri-business, ICT, vocational skills, etc)
C Free goods and services
D Others, specify
15. Are these programmes helpful in reviving the SMEs in Yobe State?
a. Yes ( )
b. No ( )
c. No response ( )
16. If Q15 is no, what militated the success of the programmes?
S/N Programme Yes No
A Corruption
B Lack of information
C Lack of SMEs’ qualification and registration with CAC
D Others, specify
17. What were the roles of non-state actors in reviving the SMEs in Yobe State?
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
18. What do you think can be done to effectively revive the SMEs in Yobe State?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….