The Hot, Sandy Desert

The Hot, Sandy Desert
Papio vulcanus can only be found in the scorching range of the Sahara. Compared to its relatives mostly found scattered all over Africa as well as East
Asia, the Papio vulcanus dwells in the extreme environment due to its specific lifestyle and necessities. The baboon is capable of surviving blazing
temperatures. The Fire baboon is a subfamily in the Cercopithecidae family, closely related to the Papio hamadryas or Hamadryas baboon species. The
hot, sandy desert offers very limited resources for Fire Baboons to survive on, however that is not a problem due to their extremely efficient
physique. But nonetheless, the climate does provide certain amenities such as cacti that contain refreshing liquids, diverse animal groups that are
fitting for the dietary needs of the Papio vulcanus such as insects, reptiles and small mammals ("Live Science Web," 2012). Although the majority of
its relatives live in tropical climates all around East Asia, the Papio vulcanus is the only species of its kind to be able to live and thrive within such a
harsh environment of intense heat hence its name. The Papio vulcanus is at the top of the food chain in regards to the animals existing in the desert.
The baboon is capable of surviving the intense heat during the day as well as give off heat to warm itself and its surrounding area during the freezing
temperatures of the night. The Papio vulcanus hunts mostly during the night due to its ability to sense heat signatures given off by
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Different Museums All Over The World
This research contains forty one hypocephali exhibited in different museums all over the world. The aim of the study is to focus on the baboons '
scenes specially their forms, positions, locations, their total number and their number flanking the seated four – headed god.
In the Old Kingdom the sacredbaboon or ape was associated with the patron of writing and wisdom god DHwty.Moreover, it was a manifestation of
the moon god DHwty and it was a very strong relation between the baboons and the sun in Ancient Egypt because of their curious habit of warming
themselves by the sun rays at the beginning of the day with raised paws after a very cold night to the extent that it was believed that these animals
adored the solar sphere.
The association between the sun god Ra and the baboons can be presented in various ways such as the representation of baboons raising their paws
at the obelisks ' pedestals in the worshiping attitude as well as on the facades of some of the temples that were connected with the sun like the great
temple of Abu Simbel, offering the wDjAt eye as a symbol of god Ra. In some other cases, baboons were depicted in the solar boats sitting with god Ra.
Baboons were depicted in various forms such as standing on their four feet, sitting on their hips as well as standing with raised paws on their hind
legs. Baboons were connected with the underworld as represented in chapter 155 of the Dead in which baboons were depicted in a sitting position
around the four

Primates Part 1 Book Report
Primates have always been a fascination of author Robert Sapolsky who wrote an autobiography about a trip he took to Kenya as a research
undergraduate student. Part 1 is named the adolescent years and talks about when Sapolsky first joined the baboon trip to Kenya. It introduces his
research assignment, how stress affected a primates health, and the baboons he recorded his data from. Soloman was the alpha male and Leah was the
alpha female. Devorah was the most eligible female in the group. Ruth, a lower–ranking baboon, who had difficulty finding a mate settled down with
Joshua, another lower–ranking baboon. They soon had Obadiah. Uriah a large baboon who transferred into the group in the spring persisted a challenge
against Soloman until he... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Both gather their belongings and travel to Nairobi, Sapolsky guides Lisa around the surrounding areas and to the baboons. Towards the end,
Sapolsky had traveled to Olemelepo to perform an autopsy on a diseased baboon. To confirm whether it was Tuberculosis, he had another sick
baboon studied and the results came out positive for Bovine TB. Luckily, the baboon troop he was studying was not affected but the rates were
growing rapidly for the Olemelopo baboon troop. Ultimately, the source of Bovine TB came from cattle raised by the Masai people, who refused
to kill off the cows. Sapolsky went back to the United States to study TB in baboons and when he returned to Kenya, he arrived in time to say
goodbye to his baboon troop who was affected by the outbreak. The last one of his troop to go was, Joshua, who he sat with and fed cookies until he
was gone. An overall theme in all four parts has to do with Sapolsky's growth. He starts out with a dream of conducting research on primates as an
undergraduate student to getting his PhD to getting a professorship and finally becoming a professor who settles down and has children of his

A Primate 's Memoir, By American Biologist
(1)The book, "A Primate 's Memoir," by American biologist, Robert Sapolsky is divided into four parts. These four parts detail the stages of both his
research of the behavior of a troop of African baboons and his unintentional research of human behavior as to himself through his encounters and
experiences as a young researcher in Kenya, Africa for the first time. Sapolsky names the four parts of his book to describe the four stages of a baboon
's growth. Ultimately, these parts also reflect Sapolsky 's personal growth and transformation as he journeys through Africa and studies the baboon
troop. Since, at the outset of his research, the baboons he will study seem to be around this age, Part 1 is labeled "The Adolescent Years". As he is
both a rather naГЇve and untested young man as well as a new researcher on his first trip to Kenya, these are also "adolescent years" for Sapolsky. In
his youthful inexperience and naivete, he manages to get kidnapped and become broke, homeless, and scammed out of money by people falsely
claiming they were in need. As with the baboons, for Sapolsky, adolescence is a rough journey but lessons learned the hard way are an effective means
of instilling an understanding that one 's ability to survive depends on an ability to comprehend how one 's environment operates and must be
navigated. In the end, lessons learned in adolescence help provide the guidelines and skills for coping with future challenges that both primates and
their descendants are

Robert Sapolsky: The Power Of The Mind
The Power of the Mind
In the documentary Stress: Portrait of a Killer, neurobiologist Robert Sapolsky explores the drastic effects of stress on your body and brain. Sapolsky
shows how sustained, excessive stress causes not only mental deterioration but also compromises the immune system and consequently your ability to
fight off diseases. Sapolsky has studied wild baboons in Kenya for over a decade and has made several groundbreaking discoveries about the
correlation of stress and overall health. By monitoring baboon behavior and analyzing their hormone levels, Sapolsky has found that high stressed
baboons have higher levels of adrenalin and glucocorticoids. Interestingly enough, Sapolsky also discovered that social hierarchy had a direct
correlation to the amount of stress ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Lower ranked baboons demonstrated higher heart rates and blood pressures then high ranked baboons. Possible explanation for this, Sapolsky
explains, is the fact that higher ranked baboons such as the alpha males are in control and have better social affiliation. The studies done by Sapolsky
have also translated over to humans where Professor Michael Marmont has performed a 40– yearlong study of men occupying various positions with
the British Civil Service. Marmont's results mirrored those of Sapolsky and showed that much like the baboons, high ranked men tended to
demonstrate lower stress, and thus, better overall health. From an evolutionary standpoint, Sapolsky explains that the brain has not had enough time to
adjust to the challenges of the modern world. The same mental faculties that were present in our species infancy are the same mental faculties that we
use today to navigate daily life. While these mental faculties are great for helping us avoid predators and catch prey, they are poorly equipped to handle

The Between Baboons And The Sun
There are many points of view concerning the classifications of hypocephali. According to Uranic, hypocephali are classified into two types such as
Theban type in which the hypocephalus contains three horizontal registers with very few inscriptions beside the scenes and DbA ty type referring to
the title of god Osiriswith which the text begins. On the other hand, Gee classified them into six styles. In fact, there are many other types of
hypocephali which are the same except for very few differences.
This research contains forty one hypocephali exhibited in different museums all over the world. The aim of the study is to focus on the baboons '
scenes specially their forms, positions, locations, their total number and their number flanking the seated four – headed god.
In the Old Kingdom the sacredbaboon or ape was associated with the patron of writing and wisdom god DHwty.Moreover, it was a manifestation of
the moon god DHwty and it was a very strong relation between the baboons and the sun in Ancient Egypt because of their curious habit of warming
themselves by the sun rays at the beginning of the day with raised paws after a very cold night to the extent that it was believed that these animals
adored the solar sphere.
The association between the sun god Ra and the baboons can be presented in various ways such as the representation of baboons raising their paws at
the obelisks ' pedestals in the worshiping attitude as well as on the facades of some of the temples that

Monkey Village Monologue
Monkey Village– Keeper Amy, however, she called in and I was placed with Keeper Debbie, covered for Amy, in the morning and Danyelle, Baboon
and Mandrill string, in the afternoon.
Note from yesterday while out to Siamnag I asked
How do you know so much about the plants used for browse? Is because you recognized them after being a keeper for so long or have you studied
them?
–Yes, I do recognize them after being a keeper for 12 years, but I also took a class in high school where they dropped you off in the desert and you had
to find your way back by any means. They had us do a research paper and mine was on desert fauna with medical and edible applications. I also like to
know what I am looking at and will research plants even while I am ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is because the male is a little crazy and is on medication to help with that aggression. They separated the smaller female because she needs more
calories in her diet because she is so small. Moja, the male, is given a variety of medication in a sippy cup. He puts the whole thing in his mouth and
then spits out the cup. He is on the most amount of medication on this string.
That is a very long list of medication, has it even been shorter?
–Yes, at one point in time there was only one item on that list. In my years being here there has never not been anything on that list. The best part is
that this is the short version of the list as other medications are held at other locations in the zoo.
Once 5 o'clock hit she opened the doors to the mandrill holding. Gave them their food and grapes for shifting.
She did the same thing with the baboons. The difference between the mandrills and the baboons is that the mandrill female is not separated from her
brother where the female baboons are. In order shift the females without the 5 getting into a fight they reward Moja with grapes for waiting while
Danyelle opens the other gates to let the females shift into other parts of their holding.
After hosing down the ramps and checking all the locks we left. She took cart to a charging dock and told me that we were done for the

Compare And Contrast Gorillas And Baboons
Have you ever wondered what gorillas and baboons eat, where they live, and what they look like? Even though you may think these primates are
the same, they are really quite different. From the habitats to the diets, gorillas and baboons are interesting creatures. Some of the differences of
these two animals traits are that gorillas weigh about 374 pounds and baboons only weigh about 82 pounds at the most. Gorillas are about 5.6 ft tall
and baboons are only 2.3 ft tall. A few similarities are the lifespan of 30 years in the wild. They clean each other for parasites, and they are both
healthy. A few similarities and differences are shown. Their diets are quite similar because they both eat seeds. A few differences is that gorillas

Results Of The Current Study
The results of the current study are concluded into 8 tables (tables 2–9) as follows: Table (2) Represents that the most common number of registers is 3
as found in 15 hypocephali out of 40 with 37.5% as well as 4 registers as found in 13 hypocephali with 32.5%.On the other hand very few numbers
of hypocephali are shown with 1 register with 5% and 2 registers with 15%. Table (3) It is noticeable that the total number of baboons is varied
from 1 to 10.The most common number of baboons is fluctuated from 4 with 12.5%, 5 and 6 with 15% for each.It is noticed the number 10 and 3
of baboons are represented in one hypocephalus with 2.5% for each that is considered an exceptional number.The percentage of 7.5% indicates to
the hypocephli that include 2 and 7 baboons or without. Moreover, baboons are represented 9 or 1 in numbers having the percentage of 5%. Table 3
contains 4 hypocephli including 8 baboons with 10%. Finally, despite the significant difference in the number of baboons, it is noticeable that there
is no great difference in the percentage of their presence in the hypocephli. Table (4) There are 13 hypocephli with 32.5% showing the seated ram
headed God flanking by 2 baboons. The percentage 22.5% refers to the same previous scenes either with 4 or without baboons. It is noticed that the
numbers of baboons around the seated ram headed God are always even numbers except for only 1 hyocephlus with 1 baboon. Table (5) It is
remarkably noticeable that the standing position

Baboons
Baboons also known by their scientific name Papio anubis are among one of the most abundant species of monkeys in Africa. They are also some of
the world's largest monkeys in the primate order. All baboons have a strong torso, snout– like face, sharp canine teeth, powerful jaws, and a naked
rump. Most baboons are at least twenty inches long and weight at most eighty–two pounds. The tails of most baboons are at least seventy cm long and
have a characteristic arch. Unlike other primates most baboons live in savannas, where they spend most of their time roaming on the ground.
However, baboons can and do climb trees to sleep, eat, and look out for trouble. Baboons live mostly in large troops that can be as small as ten
members and as large as two hundred members. Most of the baboon troops are composed of females who are born into the troops and males who join
the troop after gaining maturity. The... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Those species consist of the olive, yellow, chacma, guinea, and hamadryas baboons. The olive, yellow, chacma, and guinea are all savanna
baboons. Hamadryas baboons are only found in the hills near the Red Sea on the coasts of Africa and Arabia. The features and areas in which
these baboons are found consist of the following: Chacma baboons are a brown/ blackish color and are found in South Africa south of the Zambezi
River. Yellow baboons that have a yellowish fur are found north of the Zambezi River near the coast of Kenya and Somalia. The olive baboon which
has olive green fur is found all over the continent of Africa. Next, is the guinea baboon also known as the red baboon is found mostly in western
Africa. The male guinea baboons are distinctively different from other baboons in that they have a cape of hair. Lastly, the hamadryas baboon which
are the smallest of the baboon population consist of females who are brown and males who are silvery gray with lots of hair on their neck and

An Analysis Of Robert Sapolsky 's A Primate 's Memoir
Robert Sapolsky is a neuroendocrinologist who wrote about his twenty years of work out in the national park of East Africa. Sapolsky's turned his
adventure into a novel, A Primate 's Memoir: A Neuroscientist's Unconventional Life Among Baboons, where he discusses the life of baboons and how
they are similar to humans. I will analyze Sapolsky's novel by explaining the complex social hierarchy he witnessed and discuss the ways in which the
social hierarchy and rank system among baboons might compare to that of humans. I will then analyze how studying non–human primates in a natural
setting is valuable, and will also explain how the scientific study of these non–human primates ultimately provides insight into not only our
evolutionary past ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Those in charge had children and would be put in stressful situations if their children were being harmed. Sapolsky was able to measure the stress of
the baboons by shooting darts in the male baboons and collecting a blood sample. Sapolsky was not going to measure the stress of the female baboons
as a majority of the females were either pregnant, going to be pregnant, or nursing. After studying and analyzing the social life and position in the
troop, Sapolsky analyzed the impact of stress on the non–human primate's brain. In order to measure the stress of the baboons, Sapolsky would spend
the day analyzing their behavior then would blow a dart into them and collect a blood sample. By shooting them with a dart and collecting a blood
sample, the blood sample was able to analyze the symptoms of stress. The complex social hierarchy became obvious as the blood sample tied back
to the study of Selye. Solomon and Uriah, two powering baboons that Sapolsky was monitoring, witnessed the change in the hierarchy between the
two. Sapolsky witnessed Solomon being at the very top of the hierarchy and Uriah taking his place; Solomon was at the peak for years and remained
alpha longer than he probably should have (Sapolsky 2001, 95). As Solomon began to weaken due to age, Uriah showed his dominance and
successfully challenged and dominated the alpha which took Solomon down to ninth place in the ranking (Sapolsky 2001, 95). As Solomon dropped
down the rankings, many of the

Dr. Sapolsky's Baboon Study
Human beings are more complex than any other creatures in the world. We need to ruminate about almost everything that we do in our lives. As a
result, our stress level are much higher than any other primates. Even though we know that stress is very harmful for our body, but we simply cannot
avoid the stress. In the film, Stanford University neurobiologist Dr. Sapolsky shows the hazardous effects of prolonged stress in our everyday lives.
Dr. Sapolsky's baboon study help us understand the complex human society. By changing our attitude toward our stress can make a huge difference in
positively dealing with our stress. According to Dr. Sapolsky baboon study The top ranking individuals are referred to by primatologists as the alpha
male and the

The Effects Of Stress On Our Mental And Physical Health
As we learned in class, stress is any force that changes the body's natural state, known as homeostasis. Stress does not always have to be viewed as a
bad thing. For example, stress can motivate someone to study for an exam or plan ahead in his or her agenda to stay organized. Its only when stress
manifest out of control and is not addressed properly that it can have very negative effects on both our mental and physical health. Reflecting on the
document we watched in class, Stress: Portrait of a Killer, I was surprised to learn more about baboons correlating to human beings stress management
and how you position as individual in the hierarchy of life has in effect on the levels of stress you may endure. In the documentary I learned a lot
about how dominant male baboons has lower stress levels which in turn, made these baboon relativity healthier compared to their other members of
their group. The baboons who had higher stress levels also has high blood pressure, not as good immune system, and a poor reproductive system.
This just goes to show the position the baboons held in their hierarchy related to their health and ultimately, their life span. This idea that stress is
related to poor health and life expectancy is not only true for baboons, but for human beings as well. I know from prior experiences when i get stress I
tend to get really sick. When the end of the semester comes around, I get overwhelmed with papers, last minute assignments, and finals to study. I was

Red Ruffs Research Paper
I gathered the Monkey Village cart while waiting for Philip. Philip showed me how to gather the diets for the Baboon/Mandrill string. All the
buckets and bowls are placed on the second shelf. There are buckets for Baboons, Mandrills, Gibbons, Black and White Lemurs and Red ruff
lemurs. He told me that Grady gets a banana slice and a melon slice for Skye for medication purposes and that the gibbons and black and white
lemurs get a banana. The red ruffs do not get the banana. After that we left for the morning meeting. There were a few notes such as the changes that
will occur in March. The hours will shift since March is there busy season and the late keeper will make sure that they are getting species in on time.
There will also... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
These three islands contain the Gibbons, Red ruff and black and white lemurs. They can go almost anywhere on their little island as both the red
ruffs and black and whites were greeting us as we approached their islands. They went into their night houses without any issue. I stayed away
from each species until I was instructed to get closer. I gather all feces. Each has a different type of feces. The red ruffs have extremely pungent
feces, the black and whites have more liquid consistent feces while the gibbons, feces were a solid form. Cleaned the red ruffs night cubes and
today is not a disinfect day. All three species got boomer balls for their BE. The gibbons are arboreal and upon approaching their island they were
completing array of locomotion. At gibbons, Philip gave me some of their food to observer their behavior and what we are not supposed to do
when the female, China, acts up. I gave Enik his berries first and then I gave China hers. She stretched out her are and that is a negative behavior
and I was instructed to wait till she had placed her arm back into the night house before I gave her the berries. Once they were locked in we went
out on exhibit I was asked to clean all feces up this included the gibbons and the bird feces. Cleaned their night house and today is not a disinfect
day. It is designed a lot like the Siamang night house. Cleaned the all the bird feces at the entrance last. Cleaned the black and white feces, placed BE
and their water bowl. I had to be on the boat while Philip cleaned their night cubes. Since their island is the smallest their night cubes are on a platform
off the

Descriptive Experience Of A Museum
When I first saw the museum I was amazed because the museum is surrounded by such beautiful environment, being around such green grass, trees,
and the sea although it was quite a way away from the museum. The exterior of the museum, in my opinion, was a very cool be modelled after
Roman architecture. After entering in the lobby, I found it to be very orderly and the security gave me a sense that the museum was heavenly guarded.
After walking around the interior of the museum, with security guards in every room, I found that it was just as great as the exterior. The interior was
amazing because each room was wide and each painting or sculpture was organized by country and artist making a very order museum atmosphere
which allowed viewers to think about the artworks. Another thing about the inside of the museum was that each room was painted and lighted to not
clash with the artworks in the room, allowing viewers from all around the world to see the true beauty of the artwork without the room messing up their
perception of the paintings or sculptures.
The first of the paintings I going to write about is the AllГ©e at Schloss Kammer. The AllГ©e at Schloss Kammer is an oil painting which was
painted by Gustav Klimt in 1912 making it one of his late works. The painting had powerful spots of color, with a semi–rough texture I think, and
showed a multiple trees overlapping a castle creating a very beautiful painting. After reading the painting's label I found that the castle was a

Gelada Baboons
Food distribution helped gelada baboons to reproduce. On the Semen Mountains of Ethiopia, they have plentiful grass that can support a large herd.
Baboons do not seem to be protective of their feeding ground. Not only from each other but also Walia Ibex which lives on the mountain and share
their resources. Baboons have long and dense hair on their back and front hair is much trimmed. A part of their chest, palm and face is bare skin.
They have long and narrower face from the sides. The mouth is very wide lips are directed inward. Even though they are grass eating they have large
canine teeth. Mostly used during the fight between the alpha males. They show their aggression by flipping the upper lips. While watching this it was
surprising how their behaviors are really close to humans in how they take care their young baboons. Under the BBC program, Natural World–clever
monkeys narrated... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For the females protecting their young even putting themselves in danger was a priority. In all my video research Baboons family's hierarchies,
the alpha male has a responsibility of providing protection for the family, the females nurture the young baboons. They keep order among
themselves by being powerful or subdue for the will of alpha males. Above all, they are connected by grooming each other and playing with the
young. There were limitations to this method. These videos have been videotaped different angels and edited, I haven't been able to follow a
specific gelada baboon in a specific weather condition or all full activities for a specified time. Despite its limitations, I have learned many
characteristics as a species of gelada baboons from these video observations. I found video learning to be less involved in the experiment than going to
the zoo. I was able to watch multiple primates in a different environment. Especially national geography documentaries were very

Stress In The Baboons
This episode features Stanford University's Neurobiologist, Robert Sapolsky, who has a high understanding of stress and how it affects our not just our
health, but our bodies. The main point Robert is conveying to the audience states that stress leads to serious health consequences, such as high blood
pressure, weakened immune system, fatigue, development of fat and even the shortening of life expectancy. Robert Sapolsky researches the science
behind human stress by exploring non–human primates, the baboons in their natural habitat in Kenya, Africa. After thirty years of research, Sapolsky
believes that baboons are apparently the perfect source of exemplifying human stress because they are naturally aggressive toward one another,
including their offspring, and the pain and stress factors appear to be the same in humans; especially dealing with stressful jobs and verbally abusive
bosses. In the baboon's case, if you are a full–controlled male, you can expect lower stress levels, and if you are the submissive, abused baboon, the
stress level can be much higher. The only way Robert can take a look at the serious health consequences related to human stress in the baboon is by
taking the unsuspecting submissive monkey's blood and examining the stress hormones in the lab. The results of a submissive baboon revealed high
blood... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The research Robert Sapolsky gathered is true for humans because I experienced abnormally high blood pressure, high heart rate to where I can
hear my heart beating and to where I ended up in the emergency room because I felt like I was going to have a heart attack as a result of a stressful
job at Publix. My mom also experienced similar stress symptoms at her jobs, such as fatigue, high blood pressure, and blood clots. I certainly believe
if a human being experiences prolonged stress throughout their life, their life expectancy can be cut

Squirrel Monkey Observation
Started to gather the diets when all of the keepers joined me. We had our meeting just outside of the commissary.
Meeting:
Alex is doing fine. We are approved to allow the new male Cotton–top to stay in the back at Tamarin, but we do not know when he is due to arrive. I
showed my new feeders to the group and we will use them this afternoon for Squirrel monkey BE.
Made visual rounds and then began cleaning the exhibits. Since it is the first of the month Philip has to get the weights of all of the animals on this
string. He wanted me to get Mandrills completed first, since Pearl is the hardest to get a weight on.
–Why is Pearl the hardest to get a weight on?
She does not like standing on the scale.
I cleaned the exhibit and moved the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They were really curious about the scale and Jasper, as it is breeding season, was scent marking the scale when he was done.
Gibbons: they were fine as well. Tomorrow we will be taking out my new feeders to see how they work out. When getting weighed Enki did not want
to get off of the scale for China.
Back at baboon:
Gave everyone their lunch and completed the dishes. I then cleaned both of the bedrooms in the nighthouse.
Went to give the Squirrel Monkey's their BE. I had to sanitize the feeders first. We added shredded paper and the worms. Put twin on the hooks and
Philip hung them so I could take video for my project folder. They went crazy with the feeders and trying to figure out how to get to the worms. Tuvok
was bouncing everywhere and on everyone. We observed them for about 20 minutes.
Lunch
Computer time and Philip asked me to cut up Ankavia's Fluconazole pills and put them into capsules.
Once that was complete, we went to the islands to pass out their evening diet. On our way out Philip noticed that the sprinklers were running. They
should not have been because they are scheduled to go off in the morning. Everything went well at the islands except that Philip was trying to get ahold
of someone to turn off the

Baboon Cliques Research
It may seem odd for non–human forms of life to form groups or cliques seeing to as it is a human trait,but some species of animals actually do form
cliques instinctively.Baboons and fish form social groups between each other.Experiments were tested to prove that "baboon clique" idea was
accurate.The test began by setting out food likes bread rolls and hard boiled eggs on the edge of trails the animals frequently journeyed to.The
researchers kept up with time it took different animals to explore close enough to check out the new foods and another for ones that had the courage to
taste them. As expected, the curious set of baboons all belonged to the same group. What caught the eye of the scientists is that gender was not a factor.
The monkeys

The Horn Of Africa
Hamadryas baboons currently inhabit Ethiopia, Sudan, Somalia, Djibouti, and Eritrea – comprising the location we call the Horn of Africa (Swedell
2006). Their habitation can also be found in the southwestern portion of Arabian Peninsula and Saudi Arabia (Swedell 2006). The Hamadryas baboons
–sometimes called "desert baboon" lives in dry, desert–like environment that distinguish them from other types of baboons (i.e mountain baboons and
savanna baboons). Belonging to the genus Papio, part of the subfamily Cercopithecinae, five known species of baboons (Hamadryas, Guinea, Olive,
and Yellow) all are distributed across the African continent (Swedell 2006). Each species' territory consists of a distinct hybridization zone overlapping
other ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
& Ehardt, T.). In conservation, Hamadryas baboons are in Yangudi Rassa National Park, Harar Wildlife Sanctuary, Awash Valley, and Northern Eritrea
(Gippoliti, S. & Ehardt, T.)
The diet and feeding behavior of the Hamadryas consist primarily of doum palm trees (Hypaene thebaica), leaves, flowers, pods, seeds of Acacia
Senegal, A. Mellifera, and Grewia berries (Swedell 2006). Their diet seems to consist of herbivorous foods but there are reports that Abyssinia hares
(Lepus Capensis Habessinicus), small mammals such as dik–dik, and infants of larger ungulates such as gazelles, are also a source of food for the
Hamadryas (Swedell 2006). There are little to no food competition between Hamadryas baboons due to the fact that food sources are sufficiently
dispersed and the population is divided into small foraging groups (Swedell 2006).
The estimated home range size of Hamadryas baboon is from 9.3 km2 to 28 km2 (Swedell
2006). This numerical estimate changes in relation to season (increase in home range during the wet season allows for greater vegetation and food
abundance and shorter home range in dry season with decrease in abundance of food) (Swedell 2006).
Hoang 2
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пїјTraveling population prefers to travel where there is running water (Altmann 1970). Though the baboons travel close to running water, they "actively
avoid the water itself. When their route requires that they cross a waterway, they usually travel along it until they find a spot where it is narrow

Social Structures In The Film Stress, Portrait Of A Killer
The documentary by Robert Sapolsky, "Stress, Portrait of a Killer," (Stress: Portrait of a Killer [Documentary]. (2008). National Geographic.)
emphasizes the dangers that are associated with prolonged stress that we experience in our everyday lives, and situations that we expose ourselves
to. In the documentary Sapolsky travels to Africa, there he studies the baboons that live in the wild to see how they live, react, and respond to their
environment. Like humans, the baboons also have their own social structures that determines who is the top baboon's are, and as the social structure
declines what baboons fall at the lower end of the social structure. This can be related to humans, because like the baboons we have our upper class,
upper middle class, lower middle class, working class, and poor (What is social class. (n.d.). Retrieved September 2, 2015, from http://udel.edu
/~cmarks/What is social class.htm) While like humans, baboons in these groups that Sapolsky studied also are categorized by the same type of social
structure, the higher the social rank the lower the stress, and the lower the social rank the higher the stress. He also emphasized that while one might
have a lower social class ranking, they aren't necessarily considered high stress.

Adelaide Zoo: Siamangs, Baboons, Orang-U
In this practical the aim was to go to the Adelaide Zoo and investigate whether a smaller sized enclosure results in less active animal behaviour. The
hypothesis is that if animals have a smaller sized enclosure it results in less active animal behaviour. The group of animals chosen to study was
primates and the particular species are; Siamangs, Baboons, Orang–utans and Gibbons. These animals were chosen because they all have different
enclosure sizes so their behaviour can be recorded and then compared. The practical involved a particular primate being observed and their behaviour
being recorded every minute, for fifteen minutes. Then the next animal was observed and the process was repeated for all four primates, twice. The
independent variables

Baboon Experience
Started out like normal– gathered the MV and Baboon carts. Corrine is on MV today and I am with Philip. There was a little meeting this morning
about what was going on. There was nothing out of the ordinary in the conversation.
I cleaned Baboon and Mandrill, cleaned the glass, then swept in Mandrill holding after Philip had given the Mandrills their breakfast. They did not
want to go out so they were given access to the scale. I swept Baboon side after Philip had given them their breakfast and medication and then sent
them out. Note: Moja did not want to take his medication and spilled it out onto the floor. They did not want to go out either so they were given tunnel
access. Only Moja came in but he shortly left. They both received ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There is browse for tonight at the Baboon/Mandrill building. For their BE– Oatmeal, Paper products: Toilet Paper, paper towel holders and phone
books with honey.
At the Gibbons when I went to put their PM feed in the boomer ball I could not find it. It turns out that one of them had taken it up to the highest ledge
where niether Philip or myself could reach it.
Observed B/W and for a little while as they were acting a bit odd. As we were heading over to the Red Ruffs, Philip mentioned that there are a pair
of swans that have a nest off to the side of center lake and that they were getting nasty with people so the eggs will need to be removed by the DNR.
The swans were on the Red Ruff island and in order to avoid them I was told to place the food on top of the night house. When I was finished with
placing the food out when Catta got really close to me. I quickly backed away because I did not want her to get aggressive with me since I did not have
any food left in the

A Primate's Talking Analysis
Look Who's Talking elucidates the way different animals coexist, work, and communicate in their social environment. From ants, to bees, to wolves
and cows, no matter the size of the animals, they all have their methods when it comes to working together.
Many similarities can be drawn between Sapolski's APrimate's Memoir and the documentary Look who's talking. From the size of a community to
the way the animals communicate, baboons distinguish themselves from other social species. The wolf lives in a small pack to assure its survival;
the bee lives in a hive with thousands of other workers; the ant lives in a very large colony; the baboon lives in a troop. At the top of a baboon troop's
hierarchy is an alpha male. He assures his reign through

Social Groups Of Savannah Baboons
To test this prediction, five social groups of savannah baboons were followed over nine years in Amboseli, Kenya. This was done to measure
testosterone (fT) and glucocorticoid (fGC) levels by analyzing collected fecal samples. General linear mixed models (GLMMs) were made to predict
fGC and fT levels of males in unstable and stable hierarchies. Utilizing GLMMs, researchers could see whether or not stability of hierarchy influenced
the relationship between social rank and hormone levels. Task 1 Avoid plagiarism by taking words from the paper. This summary should not be more
than a page long. Need to write in a way that it flows well. Don't get worried over the stats of the paper, don't mention them in the summary. Understand
and explain parts of the paper: Research Question Hypothesis Predictions Methods Results Conclusions Task 2 What is the significance of the paper?
Results from the paper can further understandings of theories/problems AND further generate the next research question. Task 3 Creative part! What
recommendations would you suggest for further experiments (Research question, hypothesis, predictions and methods). You should provide
implications / significance of your proposed experiment. Be extremely detailed during this part, so that others can replicate the experiment. Outline for
Assignment –No more than 4 pages double spaced (not including cover page). –Margins of 2.54 cm (Top and bottom) and 3.17 (Left and right).
–Follow well – established citation

The Mandrill Primate And The Primate
Writing Assignment: The Mandrill Primate For this assignment, I have decided to design an enclosure about the primate, Mandrill. I will, in words,
describe an enclosure that will prevent these nonhuman primates from not being suited to their natural habitat needs. Throughout this assignment, I
will design my very own version of a perfect enclosure that secures these primates by critically thinking of any psychological or physical problems
that can occur. What also will need to partake is considering the perspective of the nonhuman primates, the zookeepers, and the visitors as well.
Designing an enclosure has to be precise and detailed. I will do the best I can to be as detailed as I can be when designing this enclosure. First, to be
able to design an enclosure, we must know a little about our species that will be in it. Well, the Mandrill is a type of primate of the Old World monkey
family and are usually found in parts of South American, specifically Cameroon, Gabon, Guinea, and Congo (Wikipedia). The Mandrill is known for
their colorful characteristics that vary in colors from blue to violet and also have a scarlet color alongside the bridge and end of their nose
(Britannica). In my opinion, the mandrills are considered to be the most unique and interesting primates that I have seen and that are why I have
decided to write about them. The mandrill is formerly grouped with the baboons. So, what happens to a nonhuman primate when the zoo enclosure
does not suit

A Primate 's Memoir : A Neuroscientist 's Unconventional...
In the book, A Primate 's Memoir: A Neuroscientist's Unconventional Life Among Baboons, by Robert Sapolsky is about bettering understanding the
connection between animals, in this case baboons and humans. Most importantly what is the correlation if any, between the emotions and diseases of a
baboon and human. Sapolsky, spent twenty years of his life studying how baboons act, react, and most importantly how they express themselves.
Further understanding the relationships of baboons and how their hierarchy works, out in the wilderness. Throughout Sapolsky's study we realize the
many similarities between the baboon and humans, how we aren't so different after all. Sapolsky, in A Primate's Memoir, is trying to capture to the
best of his ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The alpha male has to be strong, with a good set of canines, to demand respect in order to take power over the troop. While the older female baboons
live a good life, the older male just stand by, as the past male alpha tends to leave the troop. The male alpha isn't your typical son of a king in order
to be take over the throne, you just have to be stronger and win the fight in order to take charge, until someone else comes along and knocks you off.
While being stronger than the current alpha or being the oldest female baboon, other factors play a role in determining who mates with whom.
Mating is as important as being the male alpha, and being the alpha has its advantage of course. Different male baboons get to mate with the female
while she's ovulating or estrus cycles, but on the day she is most likely to conceive the alpha gets to mate with her. Unlike humans, baboons don't get
to choose who to mate with based of their looks, for male baboons the most important thing is how many children she's birth. For female baboons being
higher up in hierarchy allows them to have more options on deciding who to mate with.
Furthermore, by allowing an alpha to mate with a high female hierarchy, allows for her offspring to be better off than most. The alpha will take care
of its offspring, protecting them from danger while allowing the female to live a comfortable life also. It's important

SPF Baboons Case Study
To dissect out the role of hTBM expression for extending the cardiac xenograft survival, three xenografts from donor pigs not expressing
(GTKO.CD46) were transplanted in SPF baboons using previously used anti–CD40 (2C10R4) antibody based immunosuppression. All heterotopic
cardiac xenotransplantation's were done without any technical difficulty or perioperative complications. Transplanted recipient baboons were
successfully extubated immediately following surgery and were active, eating, and generally well soon after the operation. Use of left ventricular
telemetry implant and serial echocardiograms confirmed vigorous xenograft contractility following transplantation. All the recipient baboons
maintained their hemoglobin, hematocrit and RBC... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In contrast, both IgM and IgG non–Gal antibodies were increased when xenograft rejection was triggered by withdrawal of anti–CD40 (2C10R4)
antibody in a previous experiment (4). Besides our earlier report, Anti–CD40 (2C10R4) antibody treatment is also shown to be associated with the
prevention of induced anti–pig humoral immune response in pig hematopoietic cell transplantation in baboon (18). We have previously reported a
shorter cardiac xenograft survival (median 71 days) from GTKO.hCD46 donor pigs along with anti CD154 antibody based immunosuppression (2).
Perhaps by using clinically available anti CD154 antibody along with GE pigs expressing hTBM will allow faster clinical transition. However,
Anti–CD154 antibody has been shown to cause thromboembolic complications which may limit its clinical application. Anti–CD40(2C10R4) antibody
blocks the same CD40/CD154 pathway without causing thromboembolism and has also been shown to prolong the graft survival in both the xeno and
allotransplantation setting by us (4) and others (12) (19) but this agent is not currently approved for clinical use. In our recently reported study (4), low
doses of anti–CD40 (2C10R4) antibody treatment and early withdrawal it from the immunosuppressive regimen resulted in poor xenograft outcome
(20). In the current study, despite of high

History Of Papio Hamadryas And Theropithecus Gelada
Introduction Papio hamadryas and Theropithecus gelada are commonly referred to as hamadryas baboons and gelada baboons. These two species
are both classified as Old World monkeys, meaning they share a common ancestor dating back 20 million years ago in Africa. Having a common
lineage usually indicate close relatedness in terms of phylogeny. This is seen with hamadryas and geladas, they fall under the same order of
classification, which is Primates, down to the same subfamily, known as cercopithecidae. Although having a common lineage allows them to share
certain characteristics and behaviors, these two species of baboons still encompass divergent qualities. Habitat and Location Hamadryas baboons are
found in Ethiopia, Eritrea, Djibouti, Sudan, and Somalia. Additionally, they inhabit certain parts of the Arabian Peninsula, like Saudi Arabia and
Yemen (Schreier and Swedell, 2012: 581). These areas vary in terms of the environment; some are filled with green meadows, plains, short savannahs,
or sub deserts (Napier, 1985). One can assume that Hamadryas baboons are well scattered in different regions of each country, however due to limited
resources, they are frequently found in water holes. Yet even with resource limitations, they are still considered highly adaptive primates. Unlike
Hamadryas baboons, Gelada baboons are only found in Ethiopia and Eritrea, therefore there population is less scattered. Inside Ethiopia is the Semien
Mountains National Park, here a majority of

Adult Female Baboons : A Group Of Females
Ranking within a group of females begins with the mother with female daughters (Huguet et al. 2015). The daughter's rank will be below the mothers
(Huguet et al. 2015). Adult female Baboons are mostly nursing or pregnant most of their lives and for this reason alone they spend most of their lives
with other females friends or relatives that are pregnant as well (Huguet et al. 2015). While a female is pregnant she will avoid the male baboons of the
group (Huguet et al. 2015). The pregnant and nursing females of the group rest mostly during the day (Huguet et al. 2015). The younger females
gather around the oldest females of the group and they all lay close together in a bunch to protect themselves and their young from jealous males
and predators (Huguet et al. 2015). While prowling through the wild, the dominant males of the group travel in the center of the troop (Huguet et al.
2015). They do this to keep order among the females and the juveniles, while the younger males travel around the outer surfaces of the group
(Huguet et al. 2015). Baboons tend to do what they want, when they want just like humans (Huguet et al. 2015). Many primates can be nocturnal,
but Baboons can sleep in the day and look for food at night, or they can be active at night and sleep all day long (Huguet et al. 2015). They are very
versatile creatures because they can even take short naps in between depending on how tired or bored they are (Huguet et al. 2015). Scientists believe
that baboon's

Synthesis Essay: The Pig Inside Of Me !
Unit 4 Synthesis Essay: The Pig Inside of Me! The human life span is longer in the 21th century than in any century because there are more
advanced medical technologies. Therefore, there is more of a demand for organ transplantation, and other medical advancements to help or fix our
exciting bodies. This is a subject I can sympathize with, because I had a handicapped child with a lot of medical issues, ranging from being blind,
seizures, cerebral palsy, and needing a kidney and liver transplant. To sum it up my son couldn't walk, talk, or see, but David's temperament was
cheerful no matter what! As David got older they knew he needed a few transplants to live, one being his kidneys and the other his liver. Since there
was no donor match and it wouldn't have mattered at this stage. My sister Helen had a different way of thinking, she was slow learner and had the
cognitive level of a 9–year–old. Helen thought that her organs could be given to him, especially since David looked more like her than his mom,
despite what she was told Helen... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
S. candidates on a waiting list for transplants, but less than 30,000 will receive the vital transplants. In order to address this shortage. Scientists are
looking into different avenues to provide more option than just being put on a waiting list and hoping that an organ becomes available. One is
Xeno–Transplantation, which is the transplantation of organs and tissue from one species to another. Through research, the most likely candidates are
pigs, due to their comparable size, their rapid growth, and the physiological similarity of their organs to ours. One of the major factors is making sure
that the organ doesn't get rejected as a result of antibodies in the recipient's immune system. That is with all transplants but when it is from an animal,
there are more risks like the potential presence of pathogens that are deadly to human such as mad cow

Interbreed Biological Species
The biological species concept is defined, as species that are groups of interbreeding natural populations that are reproductively isolated from other such
groups. Species of the similar classification can mate and reproduce with each other but not with distinctive species. Although there is species that look
relatively the same that does not define how species interbreed with each other. For example, an alligator and a crocodile look the same but are not
classified as the same species therefore they wouldn't be able to interbreed. Even though both of these reptiles are from the same group crocodilian and
coexist they still don't interbreed. The reason why is because these two reptiles have a different genetic make–up that wont let them reproduce.

Taxonomy And Conservation : Olive Baboons
A. Taxonomy and Conservation: Olive Baboons
The olive baboon is a primate under the family Cercopithecidae, and a member of the baboon genus Papio. Its unique, scientific name is Papio anubis.
Baboons are also categorized under the clade Haplorrhini, and subfamily Cercopithecinae (old world monkeys). There are only 5 species of baboons,
the relationships of which are still highly disputed. This argument is due to the difficulty of defining a species (Newman et al., 2004). Under the
biological species concept, a species must be reproductively isolated from others. Since these baboons have an obvious and stable hybrid zone, they
cannot be considered species under that definition (Alberts and Altmann, 2001; Phillips et al., 1991). This has lead to the production of different
phylogenies, considering the baboons under different species than their current classifications. However, new mitochondrial genetic research by places
the olive baboons and yellow baboons as the newest species, followed by hamaydras, guinea and chacma. The olive baboon is, therefore, most closely
related to the yellow baboons (Newman et al., 2004).
According to the IUCN redlist, these baboons are of least concern, meaning their population is at the lowest level of risk. P. anubis resides in ranges
across Sub–Saharan Africa (Shefferly, 2004). This range is the largest of all baboons and has a significant
McCaskey 2 impact on the success of the species. The olive baboons also live in a wide range of

Sexual Swellings And Reproduction Of Female Baboon
Sexual Swellings/Reproduction The female baboon has a menstrual cycle just like human females have (Alberts et al., 2015; Altmann et al., 2015;
Fitzpatrick, 2015). While the human menstrual cycle lasts for 5–7 days, the baboon's menstrual cycle will last up to 35 days (Alberts et al., 2015;
Altmann et al., 2015; Fitzpatrick, 2015). When estrus approaches, the female baboon will develop large swellings on or near the vulva, perineum, and
anus (Alberts et al., 2015; Altmann et al., 2015; Fitzpatrick, 2015). These swellings attract males, and plenty of baboon males will compete for that
female (Alberts et al., 2015; Altmann et al., 2015; Fitzpatrick, 2015). This competition can become very violent, and whoever wins the competition,
reproduction will begin between him and that female (Alberts et al., 2015; Altmann et al., 2015; Fitzpatrick, 2015).
The most dominant male will mate with most estrous females (Alberts et al., 2015; Altmann et al., 2015; Fitzpatrick, 2015). After ovulation is over,
the female's swellings rapidly decrease (Alberts et al., 2015; Altmann et al., 2015; Fitzpatrick, 2015). That female will no longer be attracted to
males, and will care for herself and her young (Alberts et al., 2015; Altmann et al., 2015; Fitzpatrick, 2015). After six months, one infant is born
(Alberts et al., 2015; Altmann et al., 2015; Fitzpatrick, 2015). The young baboons are mainly black in color (Alberts et al., 2015; Altmann et al., 2015;
Fitzpatrick, 2015).
Birth and Breeding

Hamadryas Baboons Essay
The complex world of primates revolves around a spectrum of different behaviors and physical features that can be intertwined with their evolutionary
history and current ecosystem. Two species of baboons that share a common ancestor dating back twenty million years ago are Papio hamadryas and
Theropithecus gelada (Falk, 173). More commonly called as hamadryas baboons and geladas, they are known to share many characteristics because of
this common lineage. In fact, they are categorized under the same order of classification, down to the same subfamily of primates, known as
cercopithecidae. Despite sharing a common subfamily, these two species of baboons manage to encompass divergent qualities in response to their
environment.
Evolution has played a monumental role in regards to the similarities and differences between geladas and hamadryas baboons. Moreover, many traits
have been retained within the same subfamily. However, it can also be said that certain behaviors and features diverged from the family tree. These...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For instance, the reason for the aggressive behavior of male leaders in hamadryas is mainly due to reproductive fitness, however predation risk can
also play a part. OMU male leaders condition the females through force to stay in close proximity to prevent other males from mating with her.
However, since their habitat lacks in track coverage, it places them in a vulnerable state from predators. Females in closer proximity to the male
leader have a higher chance of being protected in the event a predator attacks. Therefore, this increases her survival rate because male leaders are the
only members to engage in combat. As for geladas, they follow the cercopithicine model of dominance. Males do not exhibit aggressive behavior
because high grasslands have sufficient coverage from predators, especially from birds of

Mandrill Morphology
Mandrills, or also known by their scientific name Mandrillus sphinx, live in the rain forests of equatorial Africa, (San Diego Balboa Zoo, Mandrill
exhibit/plaques, 2018). The Mandrill Morphology: The mandrill has a distinct dental formula of 2:1:2:3, located on the maxilla and mandible,
which categorizes this primate to be in the catarrhine parvorder. All Old World monkeys, apes, and humans share this very same 2.1.2.3 dental
formula. They are well known for their enormous canine teeth, which can be over 2 inches, roughly 5 centimeters long. Each tooth is vital for the
madrills survival, "the pointed canines are used to pierce and tear at fruits or nuts meanwhile the premolars (or bicuspids) and molars, with their
multiple cusps, are used to grind and smash food" (The Primates: Monkeys, 2013). There are very distinct differences between the male and female
Mandrills, especially in this exhibit. "An adult male mandrill that has the brightest and most distinctive colors on his face seems to be most attractive
to females...They have thick ridges along the nose that are purple and blue, red lips and nose, and a golden beard....[while the] adult females have
duller colors and longer muzzles. They are... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"Bonobos are more comfortable walking upright than chimpanzees are. They also keep their white rump patch for life, while the patch darkens with
age on chimpanzees, (San Diego Zoo, 2018). They can move quadrupedally by knuckle–walking just like gorillas but on the ground but a bonobo can
walk bipedally just as humans can. "Bonobos and chimpanzees look very similar and both share 98.7% of their DNA with humans–making the two
species our closest living relatives. Bonobos are usually a bit smaller, leaner and darker than [the common] chimpanzees," (World Wildlife Fund,
2018). An easy way to distinguish one is by their hairless black faces, red lips, and parted long hair, all features that are almost human

What Are Baboons?
Why Africa?
All of the species of Baboons live in Africa, and only Africa...but why? The only reason Baboons can only be found in Africa is because the Baboon
prefers savanna–like habitats even though a few do live in tropical forests located in Africa (Pelaez et al., 2001; Torkler et al., 2001; Zinner, 2001).
Baboon are extremely adaptable, therefore there are very limited places they can be found (Pelaez et al., 2001; Torkler et al., 2001; Zinner, 2001). The
main requirements that Baboons seem to need to survive is for there to be a source of water and a safe sleeping place nearby (Pelaez et al., 2001;
Torkler et al., 2001; Zinner, 2001).Africa is full of wildlife and nature, and even though baboons are highly ground dwelling creatures, they do need
trees to sleep (Pelaez et al., 2001; ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The males alone can weigh up to 90 pounds, which is pretty big compared to other primates (Fischer and Pfefferie, 2006). The body of the Baboon
can range from 20 to 40 inches in length, excluding the long substantial tails that can be the size of their whole body (Fischer and Pfefferie, 2006).
The fact that they are so large limits them to be in the trees (Fischer and Pfefferie, 2006). Males and females are sexually dimorphic, with means the
males are about twice the size of the females for dominant reasoning (Fischer and Pfefferie, 2006).
Behavior
Baboons have unbelievable social behaviors and interactions with people and other primates (Huguet et al. 2015). They have a matrilineal social
behavior, which basically means their communication skills and social network comes from the female members of the species (Huguet et all. 2015).
Baboons travel, hunt, and live within extremely large group within the wild (Huguet et al. 2015). Their groups can range from 30 monkey up to 300
monkeys depending on how limited the food is within the area they are living (Huguet et al.

Baboon Research Paper
Baboons also called dog–faced monkeys, are an old world monkey of the genus Papio, belonging to the family Cercopithecinae. There are five
species of baboons that live across Africa and Arabia. They inhabit a wide array of climates but favor savannas and other semi–arid habitats even
though some live in tropical forests. Baboon's travel in hierarchical groups called troops. Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia says, "most species travel
in groups of 40 to 80, which are socially based on a core of females and may include several transient males" but there is variation between types of
baboons. This essay will cover baboon's daily life, vocal communication, and social behavior with respect to their ability to handle environmental
stressors. There are two types of baboons the savanna baboon, chacma, olive, yellow, and Guinea baboons. They live, as their name would suggest in
the tropical grasslands of the North African savanna. The second type is the "hamadryas baboon, which lives in the hills along the Red Sea coasts of
Africa and Arabia" ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This study showed that "the call structure of primates is largely unaffected by the species' social system (including grouping patterns and social
interactions), while the usage of calls can be more flexibly adjusted, reflecting the quality of social interactions of the individuals" (Maciej et al). This
shows that they did not have more vocal communication but the vocal communication that they did have could be of a higher quality then most other
primates. "This lack of variation among the taxa is compatible with the assumption that evolutionary constraints play an important role limiting the
flexibility in the structure of nonhuman primate vocalizations (Maciej et al). Evolution has caused the vocal variation to stagnate and not progress
beyond that of there

Dr Sapolsky Baboon
1. Dr. Sapolsky's research in the Masai Mara National Park of Kenya involved collecting blood samples from baboons to measure hormones involved
in the stress response. After anaesthetizing the baboon in an unassuming way (to avoid hormones produced from anticipatory stress) he collected blood
samples from their bodies. What he observed was adrenaline and glucocorticoids dictate the stress response. The physiological changes to the body
during the stress response are the lungs work overtime to deliver oxygen to the bloodstream, and the heart races to pump oxygen throughout the body
so muscles respond instantly. The blood pressure needs to go up to deliver energy. The body will turn off anything that is not essential at that moment.
Examples... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
b) The Dutch Hunger Winter is an example of how stress damages us before we are aware of its presence. Tessa Roseboom concluded our bodies
respond to famine in the same way they respond to other stressors, so she endeavored to research if the fetuses of the women pregnant during the
famine could be affected by stress. She identified over 2400 people who could have been impacted. Her research revealed the stresses they
underwent as fetuses still impacted them 60 years later. Babies conceived during the famine have increased risk of cardiovascular disease, higher
hypercholesterolemia, are generally more responsive to stress and are in poorer health than people born before the famine or conceived after it.
Stress hormones in the mother's blood triggered a change in the fetus' nervous system as it struggled to survive. This was the fetus' first experience
with stress, and 60 years later their bodies remembered the trauma. Her discoveries shed light on how it is not just fat cells that build up in response
to stress; brain chemistry, the capacity and ability to adapt to stress, and how prone one is to psychiatric disorders are all things affected by our earliest
interactions with

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