The document discusses several key events following the Holocaust: 1) The Russian counterattack at Stalingrad in 1942 slowly pushed German armies out of Russia. 2) In the years before WWII ended, the Allies declared they would put enemies on trial for war crimes, resulting in 12 trials in Nuremberg from 1945-1949 where over 100 defendants were tried. 3) The first Nuremberg trial focused on 21 high-ranking Nazi criminals and established the International Military Tribunal.