Film editing evolved from early films consisting of single static shots to incorporating multiple shots edited together to tell a story and establish continuity of action. Pioneers like the Lumiere Brothers, Edwin Porter, and D.W. Griffith developed new editing techniques like continuity editing to create seamless narratives. Soviet filmmaker Sergei Eisenstein further advanced montage editing using techniques like jump cuts. Sound editing techniques also advanced with films like The Jazz Singer incorporating synchronized dialogue. Editing technology progressed from devices like the Moviola to modern non-linear video editing systems.
This power point explains everything you need to know about the history of editing, from when editors had to actually cut film strips to it all being computerized.
The history of editing is vast, from the Lumiére brothers, D.W Griffiths and lots more! This contains important figures in editing, important key terms and vast clips and detailed information.
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2. What is editing?
Film editing is when the editor works with raw footage, selecting
shots and combining them in to sequences to create a motion
picture.
3. Early Editing
Early films used to be shot in a one long static shot and locked down shot.
Motion in a shot was all that was needed to entertain the audience, so the
first films only showed activity such as traffic moving on the city street. There
was absolutely no story or editing, film only ran as long as the film in the
camera
The use of film editing to establish continuity involving action moving from
one sequence into another, is attributed all down to British film pioneer
Robert W. Pauls Come Along, Do!, made as far back as 1898, one of the first
films not to feature just one shot.
4. The Lumiere Brothers
The lumiere brothers, Aguste and Louis born in France, where the earliest film makers in history.
There father Claude-Antoine Lumiere (1840 – 1911), ran a photographic firm in which both brothers worked there.
Louis had made some improvement's the still photograph process, notably the ‘Dry plate process’ this was a huge
step in creating images that move.
It was not until their father retired in 1982 that the brothers began to create moving images.
The brothers designed a camera which is both a recording device and a projecting device it is called the
cinematograph.
The device uses flexible film cut into 35mm wide strips and used an intermittent mechanism modelled on the swing
machine
It shoots at 16 frames per second which became the standard film rate for nearly 25 years
5. Edwin S. Porter
Edwin Stanton Porter was an American early film pioneer
He was most famously a director with Thomas Edison's company
Over 250 films where created by porter, the most important include
‘Life of an American Fireman’ and the great Train Robbery’.
6. D.W. Griffiths
David Llewellyn Wark Griffith was an American film
director, mostly remembered as the director of the 1915
film ‘The Birth of a Nation’ and the subsequent film
intolerance
His film ‘The Birth of a Nation’ made pioneering use of
advanced camera and narrative techniques and its
immense popularity set the stage for the dominance of
the feature – length film in the United States.
7. Development Continuity Editing
Seamless editing that was used was also known as
invisible editing. This meant that the cuts between the
shots were matched to the action, this technique was
usually used by D.W. Griffiths, with the seamless editing it
makes you watch something and not even realise that
its been edited. Continuity editing focuses on creating a
clear continuity for the final piece that you have
created. The idea of this is to create a smooth flow
between all of the clips so the narrative of the story will
be obvious without any interruptions and will flow
smoothly
8. Montage Editing
Montage Editing is cutting up the
footage and editing it into the
screened sequence, montage
editing also uses close ups, dissolves,
superimpositions, fades and jump
cuts. It was primarily introduced to
cinema by Sergei Einstein.
9. Soviet Montage Editing
The Kuleshov experiment, Sergei Einstein. Battleship
Potemkin (1925) is a silent film directed by Einstein and
produced by most film. It presents a dramatized version of
the mutiny that occurred in 1905 when the crew of the
Russian Battle ship Potemkin rebelled against their officers
of the Tsarist regime. This film is considered one of the
greatest movies of all time due to the montage editing
used, it pioneered a whole new way of editing.
10. Classic Hollywood Montage Editing
Classic Hollywood realism uses
continuity editing so it is a lot
easier and it also respects time
and space.
11. Development of Alternative Editing
Methods
French new wave is a blanket term coined by critics for a group of
French film makers of the 1950s and 60s
The movie featured unprecedented methods of expression such as
long tracking shots (like the famous traffic jam sequence in Goddard's
1967 film week end). Also, these movies featured existential themes,
such as stressing the individual and the acceptance of the absurdity of
human existence. Filled with irony and sarcasm, the films also tend to
reference other films.
Another new technique that was introduced was a jump cut, it’s a cut
in film editing in which two sequential shots of the same subject are
taken form camera positions that vary only slightly.
12. Development of Sound Editing
One massive mile stone in the development of sound editing was
‘The jazz singer’ a 1927 American musical film. The first feature –
length motion picture with synchronized dialogue sequences, its
release herald the commercial ascendance of the “Talkies” and
the decline of the silent era. Directed by Alan Crosland and
produced by Warner Brothers with its vitaphonedsound – on – disc
system, the movie starred Al Johnson, who performs 6 songs. The film
is based on The Day of Atonement”, a play by Samson Raphnelson.
13. Film Editing Technology
The Moviola is a device that allows a film editor to view film while
editing. It was the first machine for motion picture editing when it
was invented by Iwan Serrurier in 1924
Non linear video editing is a video or audio editing system that
performs non destructive editing. Non- linear editing is the most
natural approach when all assets are available as files on video
servers or hard disks, rather than recordings on reels or tapes – while
linear editing is tied to the need to sequentially view film or here
tape
