The gatekeeping theory
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The gatekeeping theory was originally proposed by psychologist Kurt Lewin to describe the decision-making process involved with food selection and consumption, with the housewife acting as the gatekeeper. Within media industries, gatekeepers are typically producers who ensure any media product accurately portrays the intended message to the target audience before distribution. As the assigned gatekeeper for a group media project, the author will have final approval over any changes made before public distribution.
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Gate Keeping Theory
Kurt Lewin originally developed the concept of gatekeeping theory to describe how information is filtered for dissemination through various channels of communication. Gatekeeping refers to the process by which individuals or organizations make decisions about allowing or blocking information to pass through different gates. At each gate, a gatekeeper determines what information is appropriate or inappropriate to pass through based on various influences like social norms, ethics, and policies. Gatekeeping theory is now widely used in fields like journalism and mass media to understand how and why certain information gets selected for publication or broadcasting while other information gets rejected.
Cultivation Theory & Gatekeeping Discussion
This document discusses cultivation theory and gatekeeping in media. Cultivation theory suggests that television shapes viewers' perceptions of social reality by presenting attitudes already present in culture. It was developed in the 1960s by George Gerbner who studied the relationship between television, violence, and viewers' perceptions. Cultivation theory can also apply to social media which easily spreads repetition of images and brand portrayals. Gatekeeping refers to how media outlets select which information to present to audiences and influence the salience of issues. The theory originated in the 1920s-1950s and examined propaganda and family discussions, and now applies to how social media users act as gatekeepers by controlling what they see.
Gatekeeping framing theory summary
1) Gatekeeping theory and framing theory describe how individuals and organizations filter information and influence how audiences think about issues.
2) Gatekeepers control what information passes through systems by selecting which stories to publish or broadcast. Framing influences how audiences perceive issues by emphasizing specific aspects.
3) These theories are important for understanding strategic communication and how media coverage can shape public opinion.
Gatekeeping framing theory summary
1) Gatekeeping theory and framing theory both deal with how information is filtered and presented to audiences. Gatekeeping refers to the process by which gatekeepers control what information passes through channels of communication, while framing theory is about how gatekeepers decide to present or frame information.
2) Gatekeepers and frames have the power to influence audiences' perceptions and understandings of events and issues. Gatekeepers control public knowledge by selecting some stories over others, and frames affect how audiences think about issues rather than just what they think about.
3) Theories of agenda setting, cultivation, and persuasion are related to and extended from gatekeeping and framing theories, exploring their influences on audiences and perceptions.
Agenda Setting and Gate keeping theory
1) The document summarizes two communication theories: the agenda-setting theory and the gatekeeping theory.
2) The agenda-setting theory proposes that mass media has the ability to influence the public agenda by deciding what issues are important. The gatekeeping theory suggests that media filters information that reaches the public by controlling access.
3) Both theories are influenced by social and ideological factors and are subject to criticism that reality may not be accurately portrayed due to the subjective decisions of editors and gatekeepers.
Gake keeping presentation
This document discusses gatekeeping in media. It begins by introducing the presenters and outlining the contents to be covered, including introductions to gatekeeping, gatekeepers, the history of gatekeeping theory, types of gatekeeping, and factors that influence the gatekeeping process. It then provides definitions of gatekeeping as the filtering of information by individuals or groups to determine what gets published. It also defines gatekeepers as those in charge of this filtering process. The document outlines several scholars' views on gatekeeping and discusses the core assumptions, functions, benefits, criticisms, and applications of gatekeeping theory.
Chapter 15 – Media Effects
This document discusses media effects research and various theories about how media can impact individuals and society. It defines media effects research as attempting to understand, explain, and predict the effects of mass media. It also discusses several specific media effects theories, such as cultivation theory, agenda-setting, and the spiral of silence theory.
2 Step Flow Theory
The document discusses the two-step flow theory of communication, which proposes that information from media first reaches opinion leaders who then pass on their own interpretations to others. Opinion leaders can be found in all groups and their influence varies depending on the topic and how interested the group is. There are two types of opinion leaders - monomorphic, who are influential on one topic, and polymorphic, who are influential on various topics. The multi-step flow theory expands on this by showing how information moves from media to opinion receivers to opinion leaders to others in a social system over time as part of the diffusion of innovations.
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Gate Keeping Theory
Kurt Lewin originally developed the concept of gatekeeping theory to describe how information is filtered for dissemination through various channels of communication. Gatekeeping refers to the process by which individuals or organizations make decisions about allowing or blocking information to pass through different gates. At each gate, a gatekeeper determines what information is appropriate or inappropriate to pass through based on various influences like social norms, ethics, and policies. Gatekeeping theory is now widely used in fields like journalism and mass media to understand how and why certain information gets selected for publication or broadcasting while other information gets rejected.
Cultivation Theory & Gatekeeping Discussion
This document discusses cultivation theory and gatekeeping in media. Cultivation theory suggests that television shapes viewers' perceptions of social reality by presenting attitudes already present in culture. It was developed in the 1960s by George Gerbner who studied the relationship between television, violence, and viewers' perceptions. Cultivation theory can also apply to social media which easily spreads repetition of images and brand portrayals. Gatekeeping refers to how media outlets select which information to present to audiences and influence the salience of issues. The theory originated in the 1920s-1950s and examined propaganda and family discussions, and now applies to how social media users act as gatekeepers by controlling what they see.
Gatekeeping framing theory summary
1) Gatekeeping theory and framing theory describe how individuals and organizations filter information and influence how audiences think about issues.
2) Gatekeepers control what information passes through systems by selecting which stories to publish or broadcast. Framing influences how audiences perceive issues by emphasizing specific aspects.
3) These theories are important for understanding strategic communication and how media coverage can shape public opinion.
Gatekeeping framing theory summary
1) Gatekeeping theory and framing theory both deal with how information is filtered and presented to audiences. Gatekeeping refers to the process by which gatekeepers control what information passes through channels of communication, while framing theory is about how gatekeepers decide to present or frame information.
2) Gatekeepers and frames have the power to influence audiences' perceptions and understandings of events and issues. Gatekeepers control public knowledge by selecting some stories over others, and frames affect how audiences think about issues rather than just what they think about.
3) Theories of agenda setting, cultivation, and persuasion are related to and extended from gatekeeping and framing theories, exploring their influences on audiences and perceptions.
Agenda Setting and Gate keeping theory
1) The document summarizes two communication theories: the agenda-setting theory and the gatekeeping theory.
2) The agenda-setting theory proposes that mass media has the ability to influence the public agenda by deciding what issues are important. The gatekeeping theory suggests that media filters information that reaches the public by controlling access.
3) Both theories are influenced by social and ideological factors and are subject to criticism that reality may not be accurately portrayed due to the subjective decisions of editors and gatekeepers.
Gake keeping presentation
This document discusses gatekeeping in media. It begins by introducing the presenters and outlining the contents to be covered, including introductions to gatekeeping, gatekeepers, the history of gatekeeping theory, types of gatekeeping, and factors that influence the gatekeeping process. It then provides definitions of gatekeeping as the filtering of information by individuals or groups to determine what gets published. It also defines gatekeepers as those in charge of this filtering process. The document outlines several scholars' views on gatekeeping and discusses the core assumptions, functions, benefits, criticisms, and applications of gatekeeping theory.
Chapter 15 – Media Effects
This document discusses media effects research and various theories about how media can impact individuals and society. It defines media effects research as attempting to understand, explain, and predict the effects of mass media. It also discusses several specific media effects theories, such as cultivation theory, agenda-setting, and the spiral of silence theory.
2 Step Flow Theory
The document discusses the two-step flow theory of communication, which proposes that information from media first reaches opinion leaders who then pass on their own interpretations to others. Opinion leaders can be found in all groups and their influence varies depending on the topic and how interested the group is. There are two types of opinion leaders - monomorphic, who are influential on one topic, and polymorphic, who are influential on various topics. The multi-step flow theory expands on this by showing how information moves from media to opinion receivers to opinion leaders to others in a social system over time as part of the diffusion of innovations.
Agenda setting theory
The agenda setting theory proposes that mass media has the ability to influence the salience of topics in the public mind by choosing what to report on and how prominently. It was introduced in 1972 and found that the amount of media coverage on an issue correlated with how important the public perceived that issue to be. The theory explains how media, public, policy, and corporate agendas can each set priorities for different audiences. It is useful for understanding political campaigns, business reputation, and public opinion formation but may oversimplify media effects.
The Two-Step Flow Of Communication
The Two-Step Flow of Communication: An Up-to-Date Report on an Hypothesis Elihu Katz (1957)
- The People's Choice
- The Two-Step Flow Theory
- Opinion Leaders and Opinion Followers
- Minimal/ Limited Paradigm vs. Mass Society Paradigm
- Strengths and Limitations of The Two-Step Flow Theory
- Elmira Study, Rovere Study, Decatur Study and Drug Study
- Diffusion of Innovation
- Personal Influence vs. Mass Influence
- Impact of Personal Influence
- Flow of Personal Influence
M6 com320 mass_commtheories
This document outlines several mass communication theories: the Magic Bullet Theory which suggests media has a direct influence on audiences; the Two-Step Theory where opinion leaders influence the public; the Agenda-Setting Theory where media tells the public what issues are important; Diffusion Theory where opinion leaders spread messages to influence the masses; and Framing Theory where how an issue is presented influences choices. It provides diagrams and brief explanations of each theory and links to additional mass communication theory resources.
Media Effects
The document discusses several models of mass communication effects:
1. The hypodermic needle model suggests media can precisely inject ideas into passive audiences.
2. The magic bullet model from the 1940s-50s viewed media as a powerful influence on behavior change.
3. The two-step flow model proposes opinions spread from media to opinion leaders then to the public.
4. Cultivation theory argues heavy media exposure shapes viewers' perceptions of social reality.
5. Agenda-setting theory holds media influence public issues by deciding what is newsworthy.
Agenda setting of mass media - McCombs & Shaw - Presentation
This study examined the agenda-setting capacity of mass media during the 1968 US presidential campaign. The authors analyzed major newspapers, magazines, and TV news broadcasts to identify the key issues covered and their relative emphasis. They also interviewed undecided voters in North Carolina to determine what issues they considered most important. The findings showed strong correlations between the issues given emphasis by the media and those regarded as most important by undecided voters, indicating that the mass media influenced the public agenda during that election campaign. The authors conclude the study's results could likely apply to agenda-setting in other political campaigns as well.
Theory of Mass Communication Overview 2017
Mass media plays a significant role in shaping society and culture by influencing our identities, notions of gender and ethnicity, and sense of self. Media images and stories provide the symbols and resources through which we understand ourselves and our shared culture. Communication theory examines the relationships between media and politics, the influence of media on social issues like crime and violence, and the economic and normative aspects of media such as freedom of expression and commercialization. Theories take either a media-centric view that emphasizes the autonomy of media, or a society-centric view that sees media as reflecting broader social and political forces.
Agenda Setting Theory Journal Article Discussion
The document summarizes agenda-setting theory in mass communication. It defines agenda-setting as the ability of media to influence the importance of issues in the public. The theory originated in the 1920s and was formally developed by McCombs and Shaw in their 1972 study of the 1968 US presidential election, which found that voters' perceptions of important issues matched the media's coverage. The document also discusses how agenda-setting relates to priming and framing effects and explains differences between these concepts.
Media effects revision - mass media section A2
This document summarizes four models of media effects:
1) Uses and Gratification Model - Views audiences as active in choosing media to fulfill needs and shape identities. It recognizes audience power but ignores social factors.
2) Cultural Effects Model - Views media as tool of dominant groups to gradually influence audiences based on factors like class, gender, ethnicity.
3) Hypodermic Syringe Theory - Views audiences as passive, with media having immediate effects on behavior. It does not recognize outside influences.
4) Two Step Flow Model - Views influence as from media to opinion leaders to audiences, recognizing audiences are not entirely passive but still assumes media ultimately shapes opinions. It does not fully recognize independent audience views.
Who's Setting The Agenda?: People + the News and the Social Media Connection
This is a talk given by Alisa Miller, CEO of PRI at the University of Chicago Harris School Dean's International Council, on May 9, 2013. The news agenda is now being set and informed by collaboration between journalistic organizations and the people formerly known as the audience. The power of social media cannot be underestimated to engage and build meaning. Informative charts and graphs are included.
Agenda setting- Communication Theory
The document discusses the agenda-setting theory of mass media. It was developed in 1972 by Maxwell McCombs and Donald Shaw based on the 1968 US presidential election. The theory holds that media influence public perception of what issues are important by the amount and prominence they give coverage to certain issues. It outlines three types of agenda-setting: public, media, and policy. Examples from Indian elections in 2014 and 2015 are given to show how media coverage influenced public perceptions of important issues and candidates. The document also briefly discusses uses and gratifications research, which argues people use media more for entertainment and gratification of personal needs rather than being strongly influenced.
Agenda setting theory
The document discusses agenda setting theory in mass communication. It states that media have the ability to determine which issues are important to the public by influencing what people think about rather than what to think. It provides background on the origins of the theory from Lippmann and Cohen and empirical research by McCombs and Shaw. Later research identified features like vividness, positioning and priming. The document also discusses agenda building, influences on media agendas, framing, and criticisms of agenda setting theory with examples of how Pakistani media practices it.
Agenda setting :presented by H.GHULAM ALI SAQI from institute of communicatio...
The document discusses the concept of agenda setting theory. It defines agenda setting as the idea that mass media influences what issues the public thinks and talks about. The document provides several examples of agenda setting studies and discusses how the media agenda influences the public agenda and shapes public perceptions of what the important issues are through visibility, salience, and valence. It also examines how the media, public, and policy agendas interact in agenda setting processes.
Agenda setting theory slides
Agenda Setting theory, a subsidy of Communication theory. This will enable you to get full understanding of the agenda concept.
For assistance, please refer to the document:
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1CN9gew453uO9dYQR0EWsO8qwNOaJPJGr/view?usp=sharing
Agenda setting theory
Agenda-setting theory holds that intense media attention to certain topics increases the perceived importance of those topics. It is used in international news and mass communication to present images to the public and show how the media impacts public reaction. While critics argue a direct cause-and-effect cannot be proven, agenda-setting theory is still important to communication studies by describing how the topics and images presented in the news shape public views, since the media is how we learn about things we did not directly witness.
Social responsibility of mass media
Mass media consists of various means of communicating information to large audiences like television, radio, newspapers, and the Internet. There are different types of mass media including print, cinema, radio, television, the Internet, and mobile phones. Mass media has important social responsibilities such as contributing to socialization, increasing awareness of issues, being fair and unbiased, supporting culture, condemning crimes, promoting education, giving voice to underrepresented groups, helping develop public opinion, assisting state development efforts, supporting democracy, and addressing public issues.
Cultivation theory and Priming theory
The document discusses two social media theories: Cultivation Theory and Priming Theory. Cultivation Theory proposes that heavy television exposure shapes peoples' perceptions of social reality over time. Priming Theory suggests that media provides frames of reference that influence how audiences interpret subsequent messages. The document also provides examples and critiques of each theory, noting limitations such as not considering meaning across different media genres and audiences' perspectives.
agenda setting theory
This document outlines agenda-setting theory as developed by Donald Shaw and Marshall McCombs. It provides biographies of Shaw and McCombs, who established agenda-setting theory based on a study of the 1968 US presidential election. The document defines agenda-setting theory as the ability of media to influence public perception about what issues are important. It describes the core assumptions of agenda-setting theory and discusses who sets the media agenda, types of agenda-setting, the effects of media on public agenda, levels of agenda-setting, framing, criticisms of the theory, and conclusions.
Two step flow of information
This document discusses several models and theories related to the flow of information and influence. It describes the two-step flow of communication model developed by Lazarsfeld, which found that personal influence from opinion leaders is more impactful than direct media influence. It also discusses Kurt Lewin's concept of gatekeeping, in which individuals control the flow of information by deciding what should pass through or be blocked. News editors are provided as an example of gatekeepers who determine what news items to publish based on their organization's policies.
Gatekeeping and Citizen Journalism: A Qualitative Examination of Participator...
This document is a thesis submitted by Amani Channel in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Master's degree in Mass Communications. The thesis examines CNN's iReport, which allows the public to submit user-generated content that may be featured on CNN platforms. The goal is to understand how the adoption of participatory media is affecting traditional gatekeeping theory and models in news organizations. The literature review discusses the shift from traditional journalism to citizen journalism as new technologies have enabled public participation. It also covers concepts of convergence media, interactivity, and produsage as ways to describe changes in how news is gathered and distributed across multiple platforms. The study aims to advance empirical models of participatory media and gatekeeping theory through a qualitative analysis
Agenda setting theory
Agenda setting theory holds that intense media attention on certain topics and issues increases their perceived importance. The media uses agenda setting to inform the public about what it considers important, thereby influencing what issues people think about and believe are significant. While agenda setting allows the media to shape public awareness and attitudes, critics argue there is not strong evidence it causes direct changes in how the public views specific issues.
The Role of Media Gatekeepers
Gatekeepers play an important role in the media by controlling, managing, and transferring information. They act as filters determining what content gets published or broadcast and what does not. Gatekeepers aim to select and promote stories, ideas, and perspectives that will be of interest to audiences.
Agenda Setting
La teoría de la agenda-setting postula que los medios de comunicación influyen en la opinión pública al determinar qué historias son noticia y cuán importante es cada tema. Bernard Berelson y Walter Lippmann fueron pioneros en este campo. Maxwell McCombs y Donald Shaw realizaron estudios empíricos que mostraron que cuanto más cobertura recibe un tema en los medios, más importante lo considera el público. Noam Chomsky critica la alianza tácita entre medios y gobiernos para ocultar información que pueda desestabilizar el
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Agenda setting theory
The agenda setting theory proposes that mass media has the ability to influence the salience of topics in the public mind by choosing what to report on and how prominently. It was introduced in 1972 and found that the amount of media coverage on an issue correlated with how important the public perceived that issue to be. The theory explains how media, public, policy, and corporate agendas can each set priorities for different audiences. It is useful for understanding political campaigns, business reputation, and public opinion formation but may oversimplify media effects.
The Two-Step Flow Of Communication
The Two-Step Flow of Communication: An Up-to-Date Report on an Hypothesis Elihu Katz (1957)
- The People's Choice
- The Two-Step Flow Theory
- Opinion Leaders and Opinion Followers
- Minimal/ Limited Paradigm vs. Mass Society Paradigm
- Strengths and Limitations of The Two-Step Flow Theory
- Elmira Study, Rovere Study, Decatur Study and Drug Study
- Diffusion of Innovation
- Personal Influence vs. Mass Influence
- Impact of Personal Influence
- Flow of Personal Influence
M6 com320 mass_commtheories
This document outlines several mass communication theories: the Magic Bullet Theory which suggests media has a direct influence on audiences; the Two-Step Theory where opinion leaders influence the public; the Agenda-Setting Theory where media tells the public what issues are important; Diffusion Theory where opinion leaders spread messages to influence the masses; and Framing Theory where how an issue is presented influences choices. It provides diagrams and brief explanations of each theory and links to additional mass communication theory resources.
Media Effects
The document discusses several models of mass communication effects:
1. The hypodermic needle model suggests media can precisely inject ideas into passive audiences.
2. The magic bullet model from the 1940s-50s viewed media as a powerful influence on behavior change.
3. The two-step flow model proposes opinions spread from media to opinion leaders then to the public.
4. Cultivation theory argues heavy media exposure shapes viewers' perceptions of social reality.
5. Agenda-setting theory holds media influence public issues by deciding what is newsworthy.
Agenda setting of mass media - McCombs & Shaw - Presentation
This study examined the agenda-setting capacity of mass media during the 1968 US presidential campaign. The authors analyzed major newspapers, magazines, and TV news broadcasts to identify the key issues covered and their relative emphasis. They also interviewed undecided voters in North Carolina to determine what issues they considered most important. The findings showed strong correlations between the issues given emphasis by the media and those regarded as most important by undecided voters, indicating that the mass media influenced the public agenda during that election campaign. The authors conclude the study's results could likely apply to agenda-setting in other political campaigns as well.
Theory of Mass Communication Overview 2017
Mass media plays a significant role in shaping society and culture by influencing our identities, notions of gender and ethnicity, and sense of self. Media images and stories provide the symbols and resources through which we understand ourselves and our shared culture. Communication theory examines the relationships between media and politics, the influence of media on social issues like crime and violence, and the economic and normative aspects of media such as freedom of expression and commercialization. Theories take either a media-centric view that emphasizes the autonomy of media, or a society-centric view that sees media as reflecting broader social and political forces.
Agenda Setting Theory Journal Article Discussion
The document summarizes agenda-setting theory in mass communication. It defines agenda-setting as the ability of media to influence the importance of issues in the public. The theory originated in the 1920s and was formally developed by McCombs and Shaw in their 1972 study of the 1968 US presidential election, which found that voters' perceptions of important issues matched the media's coverage. The document also discusses how agenda-setting relates to priming and framing effects and explains differences between these concepts.
Media effects revision - mass media section A2
This document summarizes four models of media effects:
1) Uses and Gratification Model - Views audiences as active in choosing media to fulfill needs and shape identities. It recognizes audience power but ignores social factors.
2) Cultural Effects Model - Views media as tool of dominant groups to gradually influence audiences based on factors like class, gender, ethnicity.
3) Hypodermic Syringe Theory - Views audiences as passive, with media having immediate effects on behavior. It does not recognize outside influences.
4) Two Step Flow Model - Views influence as from media to opinion leaders to audiences, recognizing audiences are not entirely passive but still assumes media ultimately shapes opinions. It does not fully recognize independent audience views.
Who's Setting The Agenda?: People + the News and the Social Media Connection
This is a talk given by Alisa Miller, CEO of PRI at the University of Chicago Harris School Dean's International Council, on May 9, 2013. The news agenda is now being set and informed by collaboration between journalistic organizations and the people formerly known as the audience. The power of social media cannot be underestimated to engage and build meaning. Informative charts and graphs are included.
Agenda setting- Communication Theory
The document discusses the agenda-setting theory of mass media. It was developed in 1972 by Maxwell McCombs and Donald Shaw based on the 1968 US presidential election. The theory holds that media influence public perception of what issues are important by the amount and prominence they give coverage to certain issues. It outlines three types of agenda-setting: public, media, and policy. Examples from Indian elections in 2014 and 2015 are given to show how media coverage influenced public perceptions of important issues and candidates. The document also briefly discusses uses and gratifications research, which argues people use media more for entertainment and gratification of personal needs rather than being strongly influenced.
Agenda setting theory
The document discusses agenda setting theory in mass communication. It states that media have the ability to determine which issues are important to the public by influencing what people think about rather than what to think. It provides background on the origins of the theory from Lippmann and Cohen and empirical research by McCombs and Shaw. Later research identified features like vividness, positioning and priming. The document also discusses agenda building, influences on media agendas, framing, and criticisms of agenda setting theory with examples of how Pakistani media practices it.
Agenda setting :presented by H.GHULAM ALI SAQI from institute of communicatio...
The document discusses the concept of agenda setting theory. It defines agenda setting as the idea that mass media influences what issues the public thinks and talks about. The document provides several examples of agenda setting studies and discusses how the media agenda influences the public agenda and shapes public perceptions of what the important issues are through visibility, salience, and valence. It also examines how the media, public, and policy agendas interact in agenda setting processes.
Agenda setting theory slides
Agenda Setting theory, a subsidy of Communication theory. This will enable you to get full understanding of the agenda concept.
For assistance, please refer to the document:
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1CN9gew453uO9dYQR0EWsO8qwNOaJPJGr/view?usp=sharing
Agenda setting theory
Agenda-setting theory holds that intense media attention to certain topics increases the perceived importance of those topics. It is used in international news and mass communication to present images to the public and show how the media impacts public reaction. While critics argue a direct cause-and-effect cannot be proven, agenda-setting theory is still important to communication studies by describing how the topics and images presented in the news shape public views, since the media is how we learn about things we did not directly witness.
Social responsibility of mass media
Mass media consists of various means of communicating information to large audiences like television, radio, newspapers, and the Internet. There are different types of mass media including print, cinema, radio, television, the Internet, and mobile phones. Mass media has important social responsibilities such as contributing to socialization, increasing awareness of issues, being fair and unbiased, supporting culture, condemning crimes, promoting education, giving voice to underrepresented groups, helping develop public opinion, assisting state development efforts, supporting democracy, and addressing public issues.
Cultivation theory and Priming theory
The document discusses two social media theories: Cultivation Theory and Priming Theory. Cultivation Theory proposes that heavy television exposure shapes peoples' perceptions of social reality over time. Priming Theory suggests that media provides frames of reference that influence how audiences interpret subsequent messages. The document also provides examples and critiques of each theory, noting limitations such as not considering meaning across different media genres and audiences' perspectives.
agenda setting theory
This document outlines agenda-setting theory as developed by Donald Shaw and Marshall McCombs. It provides biographies of Shaw and McCombs, who established agenda-setting theory based on a study of the 1968 US presidential election. The document defines agenda-setting theory as the ability of media to influence public perception about what issues are important. It describes the core assumptions of agenda-setting theory and discusses who sets the media agenda, types of agenda-setting, the effects of media on public agenda, levels of agenda-setting, framing, criticisms of the theory, and conclusions.
Two step flow of information
This document discusses several models and theories related to the flow of information and influence. It describes the two-step flow of communication model developed by Lazarsfeld, which found that personal influence from opinion leaders is more impactful than direct media influence. It also discusses Kurt Lewin's concept of gatekeeping, in which individuals control the flow of information by deciding what should pass through or be blocked. News editors are provided as an example of gatekeepers who determine what news items to publish based on their organization's policies.
Gatekeeping and Citizen Journalism: A Qualitative Examination of Participator...
This document is a thesis submitted by Amani Channel in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Master's degree in Mass Communications. The thesis examines CNN's iReport, which allows the public to submit user-generated content that may be featured on CNN platforms. The goal is to understand how the adoption of participatory media is affecting traditional gatekeeping theory and models in news organizations. The literature review discusses the shift from traditional journalism to citizen journalism as new technologies have enabled public participation. It also covers concepts of convergence media, interactivity, and produsage as ways to describe changes in how news is gathered and distributed across multiple platforms. The study aims to advance empirical models of participatory media and gatekeeping theory through a qualitative analysis
Agenda setting theory
Agenda setting theory holds that intense media attention on certain topics and issues increases their perceived importance. The media uses agenda setting to inform the public about what it considers important, thereby influencing what issues people think about and believe are significant. While agenda setting allows the media to shape public awareness and attitudes, critics argue there is not strong evidence it causes direct changes in how the public views specific issues.
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Agenda setting of mass media - McCombs & Shaw - Presentation
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Agenda setting :presented by H.GHULAM ALI SAQI from institute of communicatio...
Agenda setting :presented by H.GHULAM ALI SAQI from institute of communicatio...
Gatekeeping and Citizen Journalism: A Qualitative Examination of Participator...
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The Role of Media Gatekeepers
Gatekeepers play an important role in the media by controlling, managing, and transferring information. They act as filters determining what content gets published or broadcast and what does not. Gatekeepers aim to select and promote stories, ideas, and perspectives that will be of interest to audiences.
Agenda Setting
La teoría de la agenda-setting postula que los medios de comunicación influyen en la opinión pública al determinar qué historias son noticia y cuán importante es cada tema. Bernard Berelson y Walter Lippmann fueron pioneros en este campo. Maxwell McCombs y Donald Shaw realizaron estudios empíricos que mostraron que cuanto más cobertura recibe un tema en los medios, más importante lo considera el público. Noam Chomsky critica la alianza tácita entre medios y gobiernos para ocultar información que pueda desestabilizar el
Gatekeeping
This document discusses gatekeeping and its history. It begins by listing presenters and then defines gatekeeping as the control, management, and transfer of information and news items. It traces the origins of gatekeeping back to 1943 when psychologist Kurt Lewin identified rejections in reporting. Later, others like David Manning White and Warren Breed shifted the focus to institutional and organizational levels of gatekeeping. The document then discusses types of gatekeeping in newspapers and films and functions like limiting, expanding, and reinterpreting information. Finally, it briefly touches on disintermediation and contrasts the nature of gatekeeping versus gatewatching online.
Agenda Setting
La teoría del Agenda Setting describe cómo los medios de comunicación influyen en los temas que el público considera importantes. Los fundadores de la teoría, McCombs y Shaw, descubrieron que lo que los votantes consideraban como temas principales de una campaña presidencial estaban alineados con los temas en los medios. La teoría sugiere que aunque los medios no dicen qué pensar, sí dicen sobre qué pensar, estableciendo así la agenda pública.
Agenda Setting
1) El documento presenta información biográfica de varios académicos e investigadores clave en el desarrollo de la teoría de la agenda setting, incluyendo a Maxwell McCombs, Donald Shaw, Walter Lippman y Bernard Cohen. 2) Se describen conceptos fundamentales como la teoría de los efectos, la sociedad de masas y la investigación pionera de McCombs y Shaw sobre la influencia de la cobertura mediática en la opinión pública. 3) También se explican los diferentes tipos de agendas (de los medios, del público y
AGENDA SETTING
This document discusses agenda setting in public policymaking. It defines agenda setting as the process of adopting social issues or problems as policy problems to be addressed by the government. The document outlines the five stages of policymaking according to Kingdon: agenda setting, formulation, adoption, implementation, and evaluation. It describes different levels of agendas, from the agenda universe to the decision agenda. Finally, it discusses actors involved in shaping policy agendas, including political officials, civil society, international organizations, and the public. It also summarizes Kingdon's model of three streams that influence when an issue gets on the political agenda.
Agenda setting
The document summarizes the agenda-setting theory of mass media proposed by Walter Lippmann and empirically tested by McCombs and Shaw in 1972. Their study in North Carolina found a strong relationship between the issues given priority in media coverage and those issues the public considered most important, supporting the theory that the media agenda influences the public agenda. This marked the beginning of recognizing the media's ability to shape public perceptions of what issues are most salient.
Agenda setting theory ppt
The agenda-setting theory originated in 1972 when McCombs and Shaw studied the 1968 US presidential election. They found that the issues given prominent coverage in the media were also considered important by voters. This showed that the media has the ability to influence the salience or importance of issues on the public agenda by deciding what to cover prominently. Later research expanded this to the concept of framing, which is that media can influence not just what issues the public thinks about, but also how they think about those issues through selective presentation and emphasis of certain aspects of stories.
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CORE_CONSULTING
1. The document discusses an approach to product development that incorporates behavioral science principles at each step to better understand why people behave the way they do.
2. It advocates filtering ideas based on behavioral theory, structuring data collection and testing meaningfully, and analyzing results through a behavioral science lens to more accurately understand motivations.
3. This is intended to reduce costly iterations and create better targeted, more effective products by leveraging existing behavioral knowledge rather than guessing through trial and error.
Science Communication Short Talk 15 min
This is the talk I gave at the International Congress on Entomology in Orlando, FL on September 26, 2016.
The Basics of Project Evaluation for Effective Outreach
Inspiring consumers to adopt a vegan lifestyle is complicated by many opposing influences. For many people, veganism is a long-term journey. Activists must continue on a steady and prolonged course of interactions with consumers to keep vegan messaging present in consumers’ minds and dietary choices.
This information was presented by Leslie Barcus, Executive Director of VegFund as part of the new Activist Learning Series. This particular webinar addresses why evaluating behavior change is complex and presents ideas about how activists can gain insights into the success of their advocacy efforts.
For more resources like this please visit: https://vegfund.org/resources/
Blood Sugar PenPencil InnovationInnovation is a process of intr.docx
Blood Sugar Pen/Pencil Innovation
Innovation is a process of introducing something new be it idea, device or procedure of doing things differently to the already existing business. Many businesses adopt the use of new inventions to help improve on their production of goods and services using the latest technology possible. Before one chooses the kind of inventions to use, he or she must consider some factor to help evaluate the level of innovation which can be one combination of several models for maximum productivity of quality goods.
The project in any business is undertaken to ensure that the firm can make extra income due to the added input. The project usually is integrated with incentives which use the latest technology for the production of the goods and services (Cohen & Levinthal, 1990).The project is of great value to the business for its high expectations of returns associated with use of new innovations.
The use of new technology, new materials and devices or following new methods in the production department is the innovation. The level of the innovation being employed in the new project can be evaluated to know whether it’s affecting the business positively or negatively (Burns & Stalker, 1961). The evaluation can be done using several models which include; The Lean star up Plan, SNIFF, NOMMAR and the linear and mental model of innovation. One may choose one or several models to use depending on the type of innovation. These models will help the business to know how the innovation has affected their project either negatively or positively.
Innovation evaluation using NOMMAR model is one of the models that we used. One first focuses on the needs of the rear incentive being used and this is the one that we chose. The managers determine whether there might be technology in the firm needed to satisfy the need of increased productivity. The availability of the potential market to sell their goods is also evaluated. We also used the Lean Start Up Method. This method uses the process of experimenting to come to a final decision in relation to the new product. The manager also tries to find out the business model where the innovation will be used and the real approach to be used (Teece, 1986). Finally during the evaluation of the innovation the managers should conclude whether they recommend its use or not.
After careful consideration, our group found that this pen/pencil would be a good idea because not only is there a need for it, it could save lives. According to the American Diabetes Association 29.1 million people had diabetes in 2012 that is roughly 9.3% of the population in the United States. Diabetes is prevalent in all ages but it is more prevalent in seniors. Seniors age 65 and older remains high, at 25.9%, or 11.8 million seniors (diagnosed and undiagnosed). In 2012 there were 1.7 million new cases in America. Diabetes is the seventh leading cause of death in America. In 2010, there were 69,071 deaths and diabetes was listed ...
mrk
- Celebrities and social leaders can influence consumer attitudes and purchasing decisions. Studies show that when celebrities endorse or appear in advertisements, more customers are likely to buy that product simply because the celebrity recommends it.
- Research also shows that Instagram influencers with large numbers of followers are perceived as more likeable and opinionated, though this effect may decrease for divergent products that seek uniqueness.
- Additional factors like political views, agreement with an advertisement's message, and fashion vs. political opinion leadership can influence consumer attitudes towards advertisements with political content.
- Different threats like substitution may also impact purchasing decisions, especially for low-involvement products where consumers face many brand options.
insidernutritionsecrets
1. The document provides resale rights to resell and keep 100% of profits from an eBook, as long as the content is not modified.
2. It includes links to click for free eBooks to resell and premium eBooks for sale.
3. The document contains an interview with a nutrition expert who worked in the food industry for 35 years, discussing topics like product development timelines, FDA regulations, and an overview of basic nutrition.
#ePharma 2015 The Highlights
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- They discuss the lengthy process of product development in these companies, from conception of ideas to clinical trials, which can take years and hundreds of thousands or millions of dollars.
- Regulations from the FDA are also discussed and how products must be tested and approved before reaching shelves.
- The expert then provides an overview of basic nutrition, defining it as getting the right balance of necessary nutrients from foods. They discuss breaking bad eating habits and the challenges given obesogenic influences in modern culture.
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This document discusses the socio-psychological tradition of communication theory. Some key points:
- The socio-psychological tradition focuses on how understandings, meanings, norms and roles are constructed through communication in groups and society. Reality is seen as constructed through interaction rather than objective.
- It was intended as an explanatory method to understand when persuasive messages succeed by looking at factors like likelihood of attitude change, direction of change, and commitment levels.
- The document discusses examples like the "third party technique" used in marketing of putting an expert's or celebrity's words behind a product to increase credibility and sales.
- It analyzes examples like Aamir Khan's TV show "Satyamev
Media audiences
Abraham Maslow proposed a hierarchy of needs consisting of basic physiological needs at the bottom level, followed by safety needs, love and belonging needs, esteem needs, and self-actualization needs at the top. Once lower level needs are met, people can focus on achieving higher level needs. Early media effects theories viewed audiences as passive, such as the hypodermic needle model which suggested media could directly "inject" ideas into passive audiences. Later theories saw audiences as more active, such as uses and gratifications theory which proposes audiences actively select media to fulfill social and psychological needs.
Consumer Behaviour
This document discusses key concepts in consumer behavior including:
1. Maslow's hierarchy of needs and how marketers have oversimplified applying it to different products satisfying different needs.
2. Consumer involvement, the factors that influence it like personal, product, and situational characteristics, and different types of involvement.
3. Models of consumer behavior based on involvement like low-involvement learning and levels of message processing.
4. The effects of involvement on information processing, search, and transmission between consumers.
5. Measuring involvement through scales and its importance for marketing applications and segmentation.
Connecting Consumers to Agriculture and Science
This was a keynote address to Food and Farm Care in Saskatoon, SK Canada, December 14, 2016. The talk centered on strategies for ag producers to be more effective in communication at the public interface about any "hot button" issue in farming and food, issues like hormones, antibiotics, GMO or pesticides. There is a clear method to help the public understand how these technologies work, as well as their relative risk and benefit. A lot has to do with trust. This strategy speaks about these topics as well as how to be an improved voice in social media.
Perfectly Irrational: the importance of psychological validity in market rese...
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Manifesto def b pdf
The Future of Food Institute's mission is to accelerate the transition to a more sustainable food system by influencing consumer behavior. They believe changing consumption patterns through technology, insights into consumer psychology, and collaboration across the food chain can enable more sustainable food production and healthier eating at unprecedented speed. As the leading experts in consumer insights for the food transition, they help food brands develop sustainable products and messages that will appeal to consumers and have real impact.
Consumer Behavior Perception Final Presentation.pptx
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Question 2 theory revision
This document provides information on several media theories and key concepts. It discusses Laura Mulvey's male gaze theory, which explores how women are objectified in film for male pleasure. It also covers Stuart Hall's audience positioning theory, which examines how audiences decode meanings from media. Additionally, it outlines the hypodermic model of direct media effects, two-step flow theory involving opinion leaders, and uses and gratifications theory of active audiences. The document also defines several key terms and concepts, such as hegemony, ideologies, and semiotics. Finally, it briefly discusses five phases of media production and different types of media ownership models.
Case Study 3 The Health Belief Model and COVID- 19 Ar Using the .pdf
Case Study 3: The Health Belief Model and COVID- 19 Ar Using the Health Belief Model,
discuss why some people might not have followed the "safer at home" practices (e.g., social
distancing, masking, no large gatherings) after the vaccine became widely available. Minimum
word count 250. ("Behavioral Change Models" discusses the Health Belief Model.)
Public health is a multi-disciplinary field that aims to 1) prevent disease and death, 2) promote a
better quality of ife, and 3) create environmental conditions in which people can be healthy by
intervening at the institutional, community, and societal level. Whether public health
practitioners can achieve this mission depends upon their abilty to accurately identify and define
public health problems, assess the fundamental causes of these problems, determine populations
most at-risk, develop and implement theory- and evidence-based interventions, and evaluate and
refine those interventions to ensure that they are achieving their desired outcomes without
unwanted negative consequences. To be effective in these endeavors, public health practitioners
must know how to apply the basic principles, theories, research findings, and methods of the
social and behavioral sciences to inform their efforts. A thorough understanding of theories used
in public health, which are mainly derived from the social and behavioral sciences, allow
practitioners to: - Assess the fundamental causes of a public health problem, and - Develop
interventions to address those problems. Note: This module has been translated into Estonian by
Marie Stetanova. The translation can be accessed at htips:/uww.bildeleekspert
di/blog/2018/08/06/sotsiaalsete-normide-teooria/ Learning Objectives After successfully
reviewing these modules, students will be able to: - List and describe the key constructs of the
Health Belief Model and the theory of planned behavior and explain how they might be applied
to develop effective public heath interventions - List and describe the elements of "perceived
behavioral contror - Describe the underlying theory and basic elements of Social Norms Theory
and marketing campaigns - List and describe the key constructs of Social Cognitive Theory and
explain how they might be applied to develop effective public health interventions Summarize
the criticisms that have been made regarding the major traditional models of health behavior
change and why these models do not seem adequate to account for observed health behaviors
Outine the major steps in the Transtheoretical Model - List the characteristics of each step of the
Transtheoretical Model - Describe Diffusion of Innovation Theory and how it can be applied in
heath promotion - Outline the basic structures of the Theory of Gender and Power and its
application to Public Health - Explain the constructs of the Sexual Health Model and its
application to public health The Health Belief Model The Heath Belief Model (HBM) was
developed in the early 1950 s by social sci.
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The Basics of Project Evaluation for Effective Outreach
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LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
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Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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The gatekeeping theory
- 2. The gatekeeping theory was introduced by a psychologist called Kurt Lewin. He based his theory upon the processing of food. He said that before an item of food is sold, there have to be many various decision making processes that have to be taken by the gatekeeper before the products are consumed. His example was that of a housewife. He said that she has the job to take control of what is made for food and that various food related decisions are taken by the woman of the household so she is the gatekeeper of food essentially.
- 3. HOW IS THIS THEORY USED WITHIN THE MEDIA INDUSTRY? The media industry has gatekeepers in a different context. Gatekeepers are usually the producers and they have the important job of making sure that every aspect of the production that has been created is relevant and that the product portrays the message that the creators wanted to give out to the target audience. If the gatekeeper feels that this is not the case they have the power at the last stage to make any drastic changes that they feel may impact the relay of the chosen message. I will be the gatekeeper within my group and this will mean I will have the power at the end of production to make any changes before distribution.