A simple and practical explanation of the anatomy of the eye and some common diseases and work with eye emergencies

1. The Eye
Prepared by :Hussien Monier Bashbash

2. welcome

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THE EYE:
The eyes are the organs of the special sense of sight. They sit in the
orbit of the skull which provides them with positional protection.
Humans have two eyes which work together, this is known as
binocular vision.

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Eyeball
The three Layers are:
I- An external fibrous Layer
II- A middle vascular Layer
III- An internal Layer

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Eyeball
The three Layers are:
I. An external fibrous Layer : that gives form to and protects the
eyeball; Contain the (cornea and sclera) .
What was the function of the outer layer?
The fibrous layer is divided into two parts:
Five-sixths of the eye is known as the sclera which is the white of the
eye you can see.
At the front of the eye the sclera becomes the cornea which is
transparent and allows light to enter the eye.

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Eyeball
II. A middle vascular Layer : that consist largely
of blood vessels and smooth muscle: Contain the( iris,ciliary body
,and choroid)
 concerned with the nutrition of the eyeball and the
regulation of the shape of the lens and size of pupil.
The iris is a circular, coloured structure which has a central opening
called the pupil. Muscles within the iris are responsible for changing
the size of the pupil in different conditions.

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Eyeball
III. An internal Layer: that consists largely of nervous tissue (the
retina)
• concerned with vision and translation of visual stimuli into nerve impulses
for interpretation by the brain.
• The fovea is the thinnest area of the retina and is the most sensitive part of
the eye. This is because there are a lot of cells known as cones in this area.

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Chambers of the eye:
1- Anterior chamber: This is the space between the cornea and the
iris.
2-Posterior chamber: This is the space between the iris and the lens.
3-Vitreous chamber: This is the space between the lens and the
retina.

12. Lacrimal Gland:

13. Myopia Defective vision The affected
person cannot see the distant
object clearly
The images are formed in front of the retina
Use of a concave lens
To disperse the light and increase the
image distance from the lens The image
is made on the retina

14. Hyperopia A vision defect, in which the
affected person is not able to see
the near object clearly
The image is formed behind the retina
To collect light, the image is taken off the lens The images are made on
the retina
Use of convex lenses

15. Some eye diseases:
-Cataract
-Glaucoma
- chalazion

16. Cataract:
A cataract is a cloudy area in the lens of the eye that leads to a decrease in
vision.
Causes:
-Age
-Trauma
-Radiation
-Genetic
Treatment:Surgical
-Extracapsular extraction (ECCE).
-Scleral tunnel (STN).
-Phacoemulsification ( phaco)

18. ECCE and Tunnel:

19. Phaco:

20. Glaucoma
The increased pressure in your eye, called intraocular pressure,
can damage your optic nerve, which sends images to
your brain.
Causes
The fluid inside your eye, called aqueous humor, usually flows
out of your eye through a mesh-like channel. If this channel
gets blocked, or the eye is producing too much fluid.
Treatment
eye drops
Oral medication
Laser surgery

21. chalazion
A chalazion is a small, usually painless, lump or swelling that
appears on your eyelid. A blocked meibomian or oil gland
causes this condition.

22. Eye injuries :
Eye wounds, entry of foreign bodies into the eye.
Do not try to squeeze the eye.
Do not try to use any medicine.
Do not attempt to remove any object in the eye.
Gently cover both eyes with an eye pad or a clean
cloth Go to the doctor immediately.

23. Chemical burn :
Wash them with water for at least 15 minutes.
Gently cover the eyes with an eye pad or a clean
cloth.

24. Thank You