The document provides information about various aspects of American culture such as population, famous authors, inventors, civil rights leaders, musicians, poets, and film directors. It includes facts about Herman Melville writing Moby Dick, Thomas Edison inventing the light bulb, Martin Luther King Jr. fighting for civil rights, Louis Armstrong being a jazz musician from New Orleans, Rosa Parks refusing to give up her seat on a bus, Emily Dickinson being considered the greatest 19th century female American poet, and Steven Spielberg being a famous film director known for movies like E.T. and Jurassic Park. It also includes a quiz with questions about these topics.
Canada in the First Decade of the 20th Centuryjeffmarshall
This document provides an overview of Canada in the early 20th century. It discusses Canada being a dominion under Queen Victoria and King Edward VII, with Wilfred Laurier as prime minister from 1896 to 1911. It also mentions the Northwest Mounted Police establishing law and order in the Yukon, a policy of assimilating Indigenous peoples through residential schools, and Canadians fighting in the Boer War in South Africa. Finally, it references technological advances, such as the Silver Dart aircraft and faster transatlantic travel, helping to shrink the world as Canada entered its century.
Quick Scottish History - 20. 5 July - 11 Julymrmarr
This weekly Scottish history newsletter provides historical events and figures from July 5th to 11th, including:
1) On July 5th, 1847 the final run of the Edinburgh to London mail coach took place as trains took over mail transport.
2) On July 6th, 1747 John Paul Jones, considered the founder of the US Navy, was born in Scotland.
3) On July 7th, 1814 Sir Walter Scott published 'Waverley', the first book in the Waverley Novels series.
4) Additional historical information is provided on Scottish kings, the oldest football club in Scotland, and a weekly history quiz.
Quick Scottish History - 13. 17 May - 23 Maymrmarr
This document provides a summary of topics from Scottish history discussed in Issue 13 of "Quick Scottish History". It discusses how the Atlantic slave trade affected the city of Aberdeen, with many owning slaves or receiving compensation, and some architecture being funded by slave owners. It also profiles Agnes Dollan, a prominent Scottish suffragette and political campaigner in the early 20th century. The document includes brief timelines of important events in Scottish history for each day of the week.
Quick Scottish History - 18. 21 June - 27 Junemrmarr
This weekly Scottish history document provides information over a one week period from 21 June to 27 June, including:
1) King Alexander II marries Princess Joan of England on 21 June 1221.
2) The Covenanter army is defeated at the Battle of Bothwell Bridge on 22 June 1679.
3) The first display of Dali's 'Christ of St John of the Cross' occurs in Glasgow on 23 June 1952.
The document contains 20 multiple choice questions about facts relating to Scotland. It covers topics like Scotland's area, capital city, largest city, flag, national symbols, inventions, population and geographical features. The questions test knowledge about Scotland's government system, languages spoken, famous figures in history and famous literary works associated with the country.
Quick Scottish History - 19. 28 June - 4 Julymrmarr
Education in Scotland has its origins in monasteries and the spread of Christianity. Universities were established in major Scottish cities in the 1400s. Primary education became compulsory in 1872. The school leaving age was raised to 16 in 1973.
The document provides an overview of British culture, describing that the United Kingdom is composed of England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland with a population of 61.4 million people. It notes several key aspects of British culture, such as the English language along with Welsh, Gaelic and Scottish languages spoken in the UK. Some iconic elements of British culture highlighted include William Shakespeare, Charles Dickens, the Beatles, sports like rugby and football, typical dishes like fish and chips and English breakfast, and prestigious universities like Oxford and Cambridge.
The document provides information about various aspects of American culture such as population, famous authors, inventors, civil rights leaders, musicians, poets, and film directors. It includes facts about Herman Melville writing Moby Dick, Thomas Edison inventing the light bulb, Martin Luther King Jr. fighting for civil rights, Louis Armstrong being a jazz musician from New Orleans, Rosa Parks refusing to give up her seat on a bus, Emily Dickinson being considered the greatest 19th century female American poet, and Steven Spielberg being a famous film director known for movies like E.T. and Jurassic Park. It also includes a quiz with questions about these topics.
Canada in the First Decade of the 20th Centuryjeffmarshall
This document provides an overview of Canada in the early 20th century. It discusses Canada being a dominion under Queen Victoria and King Edward VII, with Wilfred Laurier as prime minister from 1896 to 1911. It also mentions the Northwest Mounted Police establishing law and order in the Yukon, a policy of assimilating Indigenous peoples through residential schools, and Canadians fighting in the Boer War in South Africa. Finally, it references technological advances, such as the Silver Dart aircraft and faster transatlantic travel, helping to shrink the world as Canada entered its century.
Quick Scottish History - 20. 5 July - 11 Julymrmarr
This weekly Scottish history newsletter provides historical events and figures from July 5th to 11th, including:
1) On July 5th, 1847 the final run of the Edinburgh to London mail coach took place as trains took over mail transport.
2) On July 6th, 1747 John Paul Jones, considered the founder of the US Navy, was born in Scotland.
3) On July 7th, 1814 Sir Walter Scott published 'Waverley', the first book in the Waverley Novels series.
4) Additional historical information is provided on Scottish kings, the oldest football club in Scotland, and a weekly history quiz.
Quick Scottish History - 13. 17 May - 23 Maymrmarr
This document provides a summary of topics from Scottish history discussed in Issue 13 of "Quick Scottish History". It discusses how the Atlantic slave trade affected the city of Aberdeen, with many owning slaves or receiving compensation, and some architecture being funded by slave owners. It also profiles Agnes Dollan, a prominent Scottish suffragette and political campaigner in the early 20th century. The document includes brief timelines of important events in Scottish history for each day of the week.
Quick Scottish History - 18. 21 June - 27 Junemrmarr
This weekly Scottish history document provides information over a one week period from 21 June to 27 June, including:
1) King Alexander II marries Princess Joan of England on 21 June 1221.
2) The Covenanter army is defeated at the Battle of Bothwell Bridge on 22 June 1679.
3) The first display of Dali's 'Christ of St John of the Cross' occurs in Glasgow on 23 June 1952.
The document contains 20 multiple choice questions about facts relating to Scotland. It covers topics like Scotland's area, capital city, largest city, flag, national symbols, inventions, population and geographical features. The questions test knowledge about Scotland's government system, languages spoken, famous figures in history and famous literary works associated with the country.
Quick Scottish History - 19. 28 June - 4 Julymrmarr
Education in Scotland has its origins in monasteries and the spread of Christianity. Universities were established in major Scottish cities in the 1400s. Primary education became compulsory in 1872. The school leaving age was raised to 16 in 1973.
The document provides an overview of British culture, describing that the United Kingdom is composed of England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland with a population of 61.4 million people. It notes several key aspects of British culture, such as the English language along with Welsh, Gaelic and Scottish languages spoken in the UK. Some iconic elements of British culture highlighted include William Shakespeare, Charles Dickens, the Beatles, sports like rugby and football, typical dishes like fish and chips and English breakfast, and prestigious universities like Oxford and Cambridge.
The English people are known to be conservative yet extroverted based on their pub culture and rituals like tea drinking. Their humor is often word oriented compared to Americans' action oriented humor. While seen as proper and stiff by some stereotypes, the English have also shown an innovative and audacious side in music through bands like The Beatles who helped revolutionize western culture and fashion. The United Kingdom is comprised of England, Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland and over 1000 smaller islands, with England being the largest island but not synonymous with the entire UK.
The document provides summaries of important events from 1862 to 1899 in the areas of military, legislation, and social/economic developments in the United States. Some key events mentioned include the passage of the Homestead Act in 1862 to encourage western expansion, the Sand Creek Massacre ordered by the US Army in 1864, Andrew Carnegie entering the steel business after 1865, the completion of the transcontinental railroad in 1869, the Pullman Strike of 1894 against wage cuts, and the annexation of Hawaii by the US in 1898 which increased Japanese immigration to the West Coast.
The document discusses the growth of cities in the United States during the late 19th century due to large waves of immigration. Millions of immigrants from Europe and Asia flocked to cities, causing overcrowding and poor living conditions in urban tenement housing and slums. Corrupt political machines also exploited new immigrant groups for power. Reformers established settlement houses to help immigrants adapt to American culture and life in cities. New technologies like steel-framed buildings, elevators, and railroads enabled the growth of skyscrapers in cities and the development of planned industrial towns by companies.
The document discusses British culture, providing definitions of English and British identities. It describes the history of Britain from the Stone Age through periods of Roman, Anglo-Saxon, Viking, Norman, Tudor, Victorian and 20th century rule. Key aspects of these eras are outlined, including their influences on language, religion, daily life and political structures in Britain. Famous British leaders and important cultural aspects are also mentioned.
This document provides an overview of various aspects of British culture, traditions, and way of life. It discusses British food, politeness, social class structure, the monarchy, weather, activities of teenagers, and the sport of cricket. British culture is characterized by traditions that have existed for hundreds of years, such as drinking tea, eating fish and chips, and wearing bowler hats. The document also notes that British food is traditionally based on meats, potatoes, and one other vegetable, and that the English are known for their politeness, self-discipline, and humor.
The document is a quiz about Scotland containing questions and answers about various topics:
- The Celts were the original inhabitants of Scotland. James VI of Scotland also became King of England. The Romans called Scotland "Caledonia".
- The Stone of Destiny was used in coronation ceremonies. The diagonal cross on the Scottish flag is called St. Andrew's Cross. Glasgow is the largest city in Scotland.
- Edinburgh has the official Scottish residence of the Queen, called Holyrood House. The first Edinburgh festival was held in 1947 to accompany the other festivals.
England has a rich culture that is influenced by its royal family, famous authors like Shakespeare, historic buildings, love of tea, and sports like cricket. The population of England was over 63 million in 2012 and is becoming more diverse. Traditional English culture includes foods like fish and chips, the full English breakfast, and Sunday roast dinners. Sports like football and rugby are very popular and England has produced influential artists, musicians, and literature over the centuries. The BBC is also an important part of English culture as the oldest public broadcaster in the world.
This document summarizes the history and current state of the neighborhood around the Ashby BART station in Berkeley, California. It outlines key events like the establishment of transportation infrastructure and demographic changes over time. The area was historically redlined and home to vulnerable communities. It now faces rapid changes as the population grows and becomes wealthier. However, cultural institutions and a strong community fabric still exist. Current development plans aim to empower existing residents amid uncertainty about the future.
The 1970s in Britain saw economic decline, labor unrest, and sectarian violence. The UK faced stagflation as well as power cuts and three-day work weeks due to strikes by unions. The British auto and steel industries declined due to outdated practices and foreign competition. Meanwhile, the IRA carried out bombing campaigns and riots broke out in response to police harassment of black communities. Punk music emerged as a form of social protest against this backdrop of economic malaise and social tensions.
The document discusses the history of relations between Ireland and the United Kingdom, including:
- Ireland was formally integrated into the UK in 1801 and Catholics faced severe civil rights impairments.
- The Great Famine of 1845-1849 severely impacted Ireland and led to mass starvation and emigration that reduced Ireland's population by over half.
- An Irish independence movement grew in the early 20th century, leading to the Irish War of Independence against British rule from 1919-1921 and the partition of Ireland.
- Northern Ireland remains part of the UK while the Irish Free State became the Republic of Ireland in 1949. Conflict continued for decades along religious and nationalist lines until the Good Friday Agreement established peace.
The document summarizes the long-running battles between Scotland and England over land that lasted hundreds of years. It details some of the major events, including William Wallace's defeat of the Sheriff of Lanark and later execution, and the battles between the countries that lasted until the Treaty of Northampton in 1328. The document also describes the 1999 book "Scotland's First War of Independence" which covers this period of conflict between when King Alexander III died and Robert the Bruce's uprising, portraying Scotland's fight to regain territory from England.
The United Kingdom has a population of 64.5 million people and its capital and most populous city is London. Some of the UK's most influential music artists include The Beatles, Blur, and Coldplay. Sports like football, cricket, rugby, and tennis are very popular in the UK. Some of the country's most famous landmarks and attractions are Tower Bridge, the London Eye, the British Museum, and King's Cross Station. Famous British authors include William Shakespeare, Jane Austen, and William Blake and notable plays include Pygmalion by George Bernard Shaw.
Marlboro Drum and Bugle Corp April 2015chanlothian
Marlborough Historical Society Trustee Bob Kane's April 2015 presentation on the "American Legion Drum & Bugle Corps: Three-Time National Champions in the 1930s"
The document provides an overview of ancient Irish history from the 4th century up until the 1801 Act of Union. It discusses the earliest tribes in Ireland, the conversion to Christianity with St. Patrick, Viking invasions and settlements, English attempts to control Ireland politically and religiously through laws and acts, and the eventual political union of Ireland with Britain. Key figures and events discussed include St. Patrick, Oliver Cromwell, the Penal Laws, and the 1801 Act of Union.
The Troubles refers to the 30-year period of violence in Northern Ireland between Nationalist Catholics who wanted to unite with Ireland and Unionist Protestants who wanted to remain part of the UK. This violence was carried out by paramilitary groups like the IRA and resulted in over 3,000 deaths and tens of thousands injured. Key events included Bloody Sunday, internment without trial, hunger strikes, and the Omagh bombing. The Good Friday Agreement in 1998 largely ended the violence by establishing power sharing and recognizing both communities.
Jean Baptiste Point du Sable, an African-American from Haiti, was Chicago's first permanent settler in 1779 and the first marriage, election, and court proceedings occurred in the home he lived in with his Indian wife. Jane Addams, founder of Hull House in Chicago, was the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize in 1931 for her work aiding immigrants through Hull House. The first splitting of the atom, which led to the development of the atomic bomb and nuclear power, took place under the football stands at the University of Chicago's Stagg Field.
The document provides background information on the Easter Rising of 1916 in Ireland. It discusses the roots of Irish unrest and failed rebellions leading up to 1916. It profiles the leaders of the 1916 uprising, Padraic Pearse and James Connolly. It describes the uprising itself, which lasted six days in Dublin and declared an Irish Republic. Though the rebellion was defeated, it garnered sympathy for the Irish cause and paved the way for continued resistance against British rule.
Scottish Wars of Independence - the great causemrmarr
After the deaths of King Alexander III of Scotland and his granddaughter Margaret, leaving no clear heir, King Edward I of England was asked to choose a new Scottish king. This became known as the Great Cause. Edward used this opportunity to assert his dominance over Scotland, forcing claimants to acknowledge him as their overlord. After investigating the claims of 13 men over several years, Edward chose John Balliol to be the new King of Scotland in 1292. However, Edward continued interfering in Scottish affairs, worsening tensions between the two countries.
Scottish Wars of Independence - the succession problem (summary)mrmarr
Following the death of King Alexander III of Scotland, the country faced a succession crisis as he had no immediate heirs. His only descendant was his infant granddaughter Margaret, who lived in Norway. Though she was intended to inherit the throne, many Scottish nobles opposed having a female or foreign ruler. This led to civil war between noble families who wanted the crown for themselves. To prevent war, Scotland agreed that Margaret would marry Prince Edward of England's son, but she died en route to Scotland. This sparked renewed conflict until the Scottish nobles granted Edward I of England the role of choosing Scotland's new king from among 13 claimants, though this gave him power over Scotland. He chose John Balliol, but Edward continued asserting control
The sources discuss Scottish migration and empire between 1830-1939:
- Source A describes a mass emigration from the Island of Tiree in the Hebrides due to a potato famine and overpopulation, with the Duke of Argyll funding the migration of many to Canada between 1847-1851.
- Source B discusses a speech by Reverend Charles on his missionary work in India and the progress of Christianity there, including 1800 young men under religious training through the Church of Scotland scheme.
- Source C provides a brief excerpt about ice-cream shops and fish and chip shops in Glasgow in this period, but does not give significant information on its own.
Community Rights to Land in Scotland Poster Presentation ColinBathgate1
Bathgate, CJ. (2019). 'Community Rights to Land in Scotland', 27th April 2019, presented at the Wolfson Research Event, Wolfson College, University of Cambridge
Irish Labour History, Lecture 7 : The Middleman StateConor McCabe
The document discusses the political and social movements in 20th century Ireland, focusing on the Irish Labour movement from 1889 to 1924. It covers the rise of new unionism, James Connolly and the Irish Socialist Republican Party, Jim Larkin and "Larkinism", the 1913 Lockout and Irish Citizen Army, syndicalism from 1917 to 1921, and the civil war and retreat of the labour movement from 1921 to 1924. Required and supplementary reading materials on these topics from several authors are also listed.
The English people are known to be conservative yet extroverted based on their pub culture and rituals like tea drinking. Their humor is often word oriented compared to Americans' action oriented humor. While seen as proper and stiff by some stereotypes, the English have also shown an innovative and audacious side in music through bands like The Beatles who helped revolutionize western culture and fashion. The United Kingdom is comprised of England, Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland and over 1000 smaller islands, with England being the largest island but not synonymous with the entire UK.
The document provides summaries of important events from 1862 to 1899 in the areas of military, legislation, and social/economic developments in the United States. Some key events mentioned include the passage of the Homestead Act in 1862 to encourage western expansion, the Sand Creek Massacre ordered by the US Army in 1864, Andrew Carnegie entering the steel business after 1865, the completion of the transcontinental railroad in 1869, the Pullman Strike of 1894 against wage cuts, and the annexation of Hawaii by the US in 1898 which increased Japanese immigration to the West Coast.
The document discusses the growth of cities in the United States during the late 19th century due to large waves of immigration. Millions of immigrants from Europe and Asia flocked to cities, causing overcrowding and poor living conditions in urban tenement housing and slums. Corrupt political machines also exploited new immigrant groups for power. Reformers established settlement houses to help immigrants adapt to American culture and life in cities. New technologies like steel-framed buildings, elevators, and railroads enabled the growth of skyscrapers in cities and the development of planned industrial towns by companies.
The document discusses British culture, providing definitions of English and British identities. It describes the history of Britain from the Stone Age through periods of Roman, Anglo-Saxon, Viking, Norman, Tudor, Victorian and 20th century rule. Key aspects of these eras are outlined, including their influences on language, religion, daily life and political structures in Britain. Famous British leaders and important cultural aspects are also mentioned.
This document provides an overview of various aspects of British culture, traditions, and way of life. It discusses British food, politeness, social class structure, the monarchy, weather, activities of teenagers, and the sport of cricket. British culture is characterized by traditions that have existed for hundreds of years, such as drinking tea, eating fish and chips, and wearing bowler hats. The document also notes that British food is traditionally based on meats, potatoes, and one other vegetable, and that the English are known for their politeness, self-discipline, and humor.
The document is a quiz about Scotland containing questions and answers about various topics:
- The Celts were the original inhabitants of Scotland. James VI of Scotland also became King of England. The Romans called Scotland "Caledonia".
- The Stone of Destiny was used in coronation ceremonies. The diagonal cross on the Scottish flag is called St. Andrew's Cross. Glasgow is the largest city in Scotland.
- Edinburgh has the official Scottish residence of the Queen, called Holyrood House. The first Edinburgh festival was held in 1947 to accompany the other festivals.
England has a rich culture that is influenced by its royal family, famous authors like Shakespeare, historic buildings, love of tea, and sports like cricket. The population of England was over 63 million in 2012 and is becoming more diverse. Traditional English culture includes foods like fish and chips, the full English breakfast, and Sunday roast dinners. Sports like football and rugby are very popular and England has produced influential artists, musicians, and literature over the centuries. The BBC is also an important part of English culture as the oldest public broadcaster in the world.
This document summarizes the history and current state of the neighborhood around the Ashby BART station in Berkeley, California. It outlines key events like the establishment of transportation infrastructure and demographic changes over time. The area was historically redlined and home to vulnerable communities. It now faces rapid changes as the population grows and becomes wealthier. However, cultural institutions and a strong community fabric still exist. Current development plans aim to empower existing residents amid uncertainty about the future.
The 1970s in Britain saw economic decline, labor unrest, and sectarian violence. The UK faced stagflation as well as power cuts and three-day work weeks due to strikes by unions. The British auto and steel industries declined due to outdated practices and foreign competition. Meanwhile, the IRA carried out bombing campaigns and riots broke out in response to police harassment of black communities. Punk music emerged as a form of social protest against this backdrop of economic malaise and social tensions.
The document discusses the history of relations between Ireland and the United Kingdom, including:
- Ireland was formally integrated into the UK in 1801 and Catholics faced severe civil rights impairments.
- The Great Famine of 1845-1849 severely impacted Ireland and led to mass starvation and emigration that reduced Ireland's population by over half.
- An Irish independence movement grew in the early 20th century, leading to the Irish War of Independence against British rule from 1919-1921 and the partition of Ireland.
- Northern Ireland remains part of the UK while the Irish Free State became the Republic of Ireland in 1949. Conflict continued for decades along religious and nationalist lines until the Good Friday Agreement established peace.
The document summarizes the long-running battles between Scotland and England over land that lasted hundreds of years. It details some of the major events, including William Wallace's defeat of the Sheriff of Lanark and later execution, and the battles between the countries that lasted until the Treaty of Northampton in 1328. The document also describes the 1999 book "Scotland's First War of Independence" which covers this period of conflict between when King Alexander III died and Robert the Bruce's uprising, portraying Scotland's fight to regain territory from England.
The United Kingdom has a population of 64.5 million people and its capital and most populous city is London. Some of the UK's most influential music artists include The Beatles, Blur, and Coldplay. Sports like football, cricket, rugby, and tennis are very popular in the UK. Some of the country's most famous landmarks and attractions are Tower Bridge, the London Eye, the British Museum, and King's Cross Station. Famous British authors include William Shakespeare, Jane Austen, and William Blake and notable plays include Pygmalion by George Bernard Shaw.
Marlboro Drum and Bugle Corp April 2015chanlothian
Marlborough Historical Society Trustee Bob Kane's April 2015 presentation on the "American Legion Drum & Bugle Corps: Three-Time National Champions in the 1930s"
The document provides an overview of ancient Irish history from the 4th century up until the 1801 Act of Union. It discusses the earliest tribes in Ireland, the conversion to Christianity with St. Patrick, Viking invasions and settlements, English attempts to control Ireland politically and religiously through laws and acts, and the eventual political union of Ireland with Britain. Key figures and events discussed include St. Patrick, Oliver Cromwell, the Penal Laws, and the 1801 Act of Union.
The Troubles refers to the 30-year period of violence in Northern Ireland between Nationalist Catholics who wanted to unite with Ireland and Unionist Protestants who wanted to remain part of the UK. This violence was carried out by paramilitary groups like the IRA and resulted in over 3,000 deaths and tens of thousands injured. Key events included Bloody Sunday, internment without trial, hunger strikes, and the Omagh bombing. The Good Friday Agreement in 1998 largely ended the violence by establishing power sharing and recognizing both communities.
Jean Baptiste Point du Sable, an African-American from Haiti, was Chicago's first permanent settler in 1779 and the first marriage, election, and court proceedings occurred in the home he lived in with his Indian wife. Jane Addams, founder of Hull House in Chicago, was the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize in 1931 for her work aiding immigrants through Hull House. The first splitting of the atom, which led to the development of the atomic bomb and nuclear power, took place under the football stands at the University of Chicago's Stagg Field.
The document provides background information on the Easter Rising of 1916 in Ireland. It discusses the roots of Irish unrest and failed rebellions leading up to 1916. It profiles the leaders of the 1916 uprising, Padraic Pearse and James Connolly. It describes the uprising itself, which lasted six days in Dublin and declared an Irish Republic. Though the rebellion was defeated, it garnered sympathy for the Irish cause and paved the way for continued resistance against British rule.
Scottish Wars of Independence - the great causemrmarr
After the deaths of King Alexander III of Scotland and his granddaughter Margaret, leaving no clear heir, King Edward I of England was asked to choose a new Scottish king. This became known as the Great Cause. Edward used this opportunity to assert his dominance over Scotland, forcing claimants to acknowledge him as their overlord. After investigating the claims of 13 men over several years, Edward chose John Balliol to be the new King of Scotland in 1292. However, Edward continued interfering in Scottish affairs, worsening tensions between the two countries.
Scottish Wars of Independence - the succession problem (summary)mrmarr
Following the death of King Alexander III of Scotland, the country faced a succession crisis as he had no immediate heirs. His only descendant was his infant granddaughter Margaret, who lived in Norway. Though she was intended to inherit the throne, many Scottish nobles opposed having a female or foreign ruler. This led to civil war between noble families who wanted the crown for themselves. To prevent war, Scotland agreed that Margaret would marry Prince Edward of England's son, but she died en route to Scotland. This sparked renewed conflict until the Scottish nobles granted Edward I of England the role of choosing Scotland's new king from among 13 claimants, though this gave him power over Scotland. He chose John Balliol, but Edward continued asserting control
The sources discuss Scottish migration and empire between 1830-1939:
- Source A describes a mass emigration from the Island of Tiree in the Hebrides due to a potato famine and overpopulation, with the Duke of Argyll funding the migration of many to Canada between 1847-1851.
- Source B discusses a speech by Reverend Charles on his missionary work in India and the progress of Christianity there, including 1800 young men under religious training through the Church of Scotland scheme.
- Source C provides a brief excerpt about ice-cream shops and fish and chip shops in Glasgow in this period, but does not give significant information on its own.
Community Rights to Land in Scotland Poster Presentation ColinBathgate1
Bathgate, CJ. (2019). 'Community Rights to Land in Scotland', 27th April 2019, presented at the Wolfson Research Event, Wolfson College, University of Cambridge
Irish Labour History, Lecture 7 : The Middleman StateConor McCabe
The document discusses the political and social movements in 20th century Ireland, focusing on the Irish Labour movement from 1889 to 1924. It covers the rise of new unionism, James Connolly and the Irish Socialist Republican Party, Jim Larkin and "Larkinism", the 1913 Lockout and Irish Citizen Army, syndicalism from 1917 to 1921, and the civil war and retreat of the labour movement from 1921 to 1924. Required and supplementary reading materials on these topics from several authors are also listed.
Sources A and B provide differing interpretations of the early growth of Protestantism in Scotland in the 1550s-1560s. Source A emphasizes that many Scots were dissatisfied with the Catholic Church and open to Protestant ideas due to works criticizing the Catholic Church. Source B stresses the impact of Protestant preachers like John Knox and the support of powerful lords and the passing of laws against Protestant literature.
Source C outlines the Second Book of Discipline's vision of an independent Kirk governed by presbyteries and assemblies rather than bishops or the Crown. It notes James VI's opposition to these plans in 1581, with Presbyterians believing the King should submit to the Kirk, while the King and nobility disagreed
Scotland in 1910 was experiencing both economic and social challenges. Politically, the Scottish Labour Party was advocating for social reforms to improve housing, healthcare, and education for the working class. Glasgow remained an important industrial center due to shipbuilding and steel production, but its dominance was threatened by increasing global competition. Living conditions in rapidly growing cities were often overcrowded and unsanitary, with many workers living in poverty. While the British Empire still provided opportunities for Scots abroad, internal problems at home threatened Scotland's position ahead of World War I.
Turlough O'Carolan was an 18th century Irish harpist and composer who wrote music for harp and voice that was commissioned by patrons. His music came to symbolize Irish culture for contemporaries. There was significant migration to and settlement of Ireland over centuries, including mesolithic peoples, neolithic farmers, Bronze Age and Iron Age arrivals. The plantations established by the English in the 17th century led to the confiscation of Irish land and the transplantation of many Irish families to other parts of Ireland. The Cromwellian conquest and settlement further dispossessed many Irish landowners. This period saw huge losses of land for Irish Catholics and significant migration of Irish people to other countries including North America
Life in Scotland in 1910 was centered around the British Empire, of which Scotland was an important part. Glasgow was a major industrial center and economic powerhouse, though its dominance was threatened. Politically, the Scottish Labour Party advocated for social reforms to improve housing, healthcare, and education for all. However, Scotland faced significant problems as well, with poverty, poor living conditions, and struggling industries. While Scotland benefited economically from the Empire and industries like shipbuilding and steel, changes were needed to address social issues as the country entered the period leading up to World War I.
Quick Scottish History - 10. 26 April - 2 Maymrmarr
This weekly Scottish history document discusses events that occurred each day of the week from 26 April to 2 May:
- 26 April 1711 saw the birth of famous Scottish philosopher David Hume.
- 27 April 1296 was the date of the Battle of Dunbar where the Scots were defeated by England.
- The 1707 Act of Union between England and Scotland came into force on 1 May 1707, uniting the two countries into Great Britain.
Quaker burial ground cork street; a resource listkieran rose
The document provides an extensive resource list on the history of the Quaker Burial Ground on Cork Street in Dublin, Ireland. It details the burial ground's current neglected state and ownership issues. It then outlines the Quakers' historical role in the Liberties area from the 17th century, including merchant Anthony Sharp who established the burial ground. Finally, it lists numerous related sources that discuss the Quakers' urban planning contributions and links between properties around the burial ground.
This document provides instructions for a history exam consisting of three sections: Scottish contexts, British contexts, and European and world contexts. It outlines the various parts that can be attempted for each section and provides context and sources for each part. The exam is 2 hours and 20 minutes long and carries a total of 80 marks. Students are instructed to write their answers clearly in the provided booklet and identify the question being attempted. They must also hand in their booklet before leaving the exam room.
Sir Robert Peel served twice as Prime Minister of the UK in the 1840s. During this time, he oversaw important social reforms like the Factory Act to regulate child labor, the Mines Act to improve safety, and the Public Health Act. However, his repeal of the Corn Laws damaged his popularity. Ireland experienced the devastating Great Famine from 1845-1849, resulting in mass deaths and emigration. Peel continued enacting reforms but his sudden death in 1850 left a vacuum in Conservative leadership during a time of economic and social upheaval.
The Skit "From Woolsthorpe to Westminster Abbey" is about Life of Sir Isaac Newton, Social, political and Science developments during those day. published in MATHEMATICS EDUCATION, a quarterly journal of Higher Education sponsored by UGC, Vol. 9, No.2, Dec 92 (pp 77-86), No.3, Jan 93 (pp-166-175), No.4, April 93, (pp 229 – 238), and Vol.10, No.1 July 93 (pp 39 –48)
The document contains a reading passage and sources related to Scottish history between 1542-1603. It asks four questions:
1) Sources A and B provide similar views of Mary Queen of Scots' difficulties in ruling Scotland due to her French upbringing, John Knox's opposition to a female monarch, and her focus on her claim to the English throne.
2) Source C explains how James VI was initially supportive of the Presbyterian Kirk but gradually asserted more control over church meetings and appointments.
3) Source D is useful evidence of the Kirk's thanks to the monarch for suppressing enemies of religion and establishing acts against Sabbath violations and keeping markets open on Sundays, showing the impact of the
The Victorian Era saw Britain rise to become the world's dominant industrial and naval power under Queen Victoria's long reign from 1837 to 1901. Key developments included the establishment of a professional police force, reforms to education and criminal justice, and the growth of the British Empire to its largest extent due to industrialization and colonization. However, social problems like poverty, child labor, disease outbreaks, and tensions in India that led to the Indian Mutiny challenged Britain's progress and stability during this period of change.
The Victorian Era saw Britain rise to become the world's dominant industrial and naval power under Queen Victoria's long reign from 1837 to 1901. Key developments included the establishment of a professional police force, reforms to education and criminal justice, the Great Exhibition of 1851 showcasing British industry, the Crimean War, the Indian Mutiny of 1857 which ended East India Company rule, and the expansion of the British Empire to its greatest extent by the late 19th century. However, poverty, child labor, disease and famine remained serious problems both in Britain and across the Empire during this period of rapid industrialization and imperial expansion.
- In the 1960s, a committee was formed to examine the need for a second university in Northern Ireland after Queen's University in Belfast reached capacity. Two sites, Coleraine and Magee College in Derry, lobbied to host the new university.
- The Lockwood Committee recommended Coleraine as the site in 1965, proposing to close Magee College. This sparked bitter protests in Derry and accusations of bias towards Unionist interests.
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The Evolution of the Right to Exclude and Community Rights to Land in Scotland
1. Colin J Bathgate LLB (Hons), MPhil Land Economy by Thesis Candidate, Wolfson College, University of
Cambridge
cb2037@cam.ac.uk
Supervisor: Professor Martin Dixon
The Evolution of the Right to Exclude and Community
Rights to Land in Scotland
Presented to the Association of Law, Property and Society 10th Annual General Meeting, University of Syracuse
2. Outline
• Historic position
• Through ‘Conservative backlash’ by the courts in the mid nineteenth century
• Up to but not including Land Reform (Scotland) Act 2003
• Conclusions
• Way land was viewed changed
• However misunderstanding developed regarding the law
• Not addressed until the passing of the Land Reform (Scotland) Act 2003
• Section 2 introduces right of responsible access
• Section 6 outlines land over which access rights are not exercisable
3. Historic Sources – Institutional Writers
• James Dalrymple Viscount Stair Institutions of the Law of Scotland (1681): Ownership is the “main real
right.” II, 1, 28.
• John Erskine An Institute of the Law of Scotland (1773): “Scottish concept of ownership necessarily
excludes every other person but the proprietor.” II, 1, 1.
• Sir George Joseph Bell, Principles of the Law of Scotland (4th Edn. 1839): “The chief attribute of property is
the right of deriving from land and its accessories all the uses or services which are capable. This right may
be considered, in relation to others as “exclusive.” 939.
• John Rankine The Law of Land-Ownership in Scotland (1909): “The invasion of his exclusive right of
enjoyment is in itself an injuria which he is entitled to get rid of without proving any actual damage.” 136.
4. Historic Sources – Case Law
• Lord Justice Clerk: “Property is sacred, no man can touch my property without my leave.” Earl of
Breadalbane v Livingstone 1791, 3 Pat 221.
• Viscount Dunedin: Trespasser is as “one who goes on land without invitation of any sort and whose
presence is either unknown to the proprietor or if known, practically objected to.” Drumbreck v Robert
Aidie and Sons (Collieries) Ltd 1928 SC 547
• Lord Trayner: it is “loose and inaccurate” to say that there is no law of trespass in Scotland. Wood v North
British Railway Co 1899 2 F 1.
5. Interdict
• Cameron of Lochiel: An interdict is perfectly useless, as the tourist or botanist does not intend going up a
mountain a second time, and if he did, the expense and trouble attending the application would be out of
all proportion to the advantage gained, seeing that a fresh batch of visitors might be expected the very
next day.” Cameron of Lochiel Letter to The Times, March 10, 1892.
• Lord Young: “appreciable wrong.” Winans v MacRae (1885) 12 R 1051.
• Scottish Natural Heritage: access to hill land “a tradition: it is not a right. It has not basis in law and it is not
observed by all landowners.” Jeremy Rowan-Robinson with W.M. Gordon and Colin T Reid, Public Access to
the Countryside A Guide to the Law, Practice and Procedure in Scotland (Scottish Natural Heritage 1993).
6. Conservative Backlash
• Dyce v Hay (1852) D (H.L) 14
• Lovett: “Conservative backlash against a liberalizing view toward community uses.” John A. Lovett
Progressive Property in Action: The Land Reform (Scotland) Act 2003, 89 Neb.L. Rev. 739, 759.
• Represented a change in the way land was viewed
• Alexander:” Essentially there were no roads either to the highlands or within them, meaning that the
Highlands were virtually inaccessible to outsiders and internal travel was extremely difficult.” Gregory S.
Alexander, ‘The Sporting Life: Democratic Culture and the Historic Origins of the Scottish Right to Roam,’
2016 University of Illinois Law Review 321 (2016) 344.
7. Public Rights of Way
• Access routes over private land
• Stair: They must “go from one public place to another, as from one burgh to another, or from a burgh to a
public port.” Stair, Institutions 2.7.10.
• Sir George Joseph Bell: created “by possession of the prescriptive period of forty years or time
immemorial.” George Joseph Bell Dictionary and Digest of the Law of Scotland (Bell and Bradfute) 926.
• Section 3(3) Prescription and Limitation (Scotland) Act 1973 reduced prescriptive period to 20 years.
• Can be eradicated by negative prescription.
8. Changes in Society
• Way Land was viewed
• Failed Jacobite Rebellion of 1745
• Kolbert and MacKay: Hosting “was finally stamped out after 1745 though it had been declared illegal by an ct of
1716.” C.F. Kolbert and N.A.M MacKay History of Scots and English Land Law (Geographical Publications Limited
1977) 48
• Abolition of Heritable Jurisdictions and Wardholding 1747
• Scottish Enlightenment
• Championed the enclosure of land
• Led to people being removed from land e.g. the Highland Clearances
• Railways
• For the first time people could access the Highlands easily
• Hunting craze
• 2 million acres of deer forests by 1860
• Pandectist movement
• German scholarly group, revisited Roman law and adapted it to the world around them
• Believed in exclusive ownership
• Helped exert Scottish legal independence
9. Conclusions
• Historically Landowners have always had strong ownership rights
• However prior to ‘Conservative backlash’ there was a different understanding of land
• Viewed as a symbol of status and power rather than an economic entity
• Changes in economic and legal thinking couples with the railways changed this
• In order to protect their investment landowners sought legal recourse
• Courts applied institutional writers augmented by Pandectist thinking from Germany
• However the loose law of interdict made it difficult to keep people from accessing private land
10. Thank you very much for listening
I will happily answer any questions you may have
Contact Details: Colin John Bathgate LLB (Hons), MPhil Land Economy by Thesis Candidate, Wolfson College,
University of Cambridge
Email: cb2037@cam.ac.uk
11. Bibliography
Table of Legislation
Land Reform (Scotland) Act 2003
Prescription and Limitation (Scotland) Act 1973
Table of Cases
Bell v Shand (1870) 7 S.L.R 267
Drumbreck v Robert Aidie and Sons (Collieries) Ltd 1928 SC 547
Earl of Breadalbane v Livingstone 1791, 3 Pat 221
Hozier v Hawthorne 1884 11 R 767
MacFarlane v Morton 1865 4 M 257
Mann v Brodie (1885) 12 R 52
Moncrieffe v Perth Habour Trustees 1842, 5 D 289
Scottish Parliamentary Corporate Body v Sovereign Indigenous Peoples of Scotland 2016 SLT 761
Smith v Saxton 1927 SN 98
Winans v MacRae (1885) 12 R 1051
Wood v North British Railway Co 1899 2 F 1
12. Bibliography (2)
Institutional Writers
Bell G J Principles of the Law of Scotland (1899 10th ed 1989 Reprint Law Society of Scotland Butterworths)
Bell G J Dictionary and Digest of the Law of Scotland (Bell and Bradfute)
Dalrymple J Institutions of the Law of Scotland (1681)
Erskine J An Institute of the Law of Scotland, 1st ed (Edinburgh 1773; reprintd as Old Studies in Scots Law, Vol 5, Edinburgh Legal Education Trust 2014)
Books
Aitchison P and Cassell A The Lowland Clearances Scotland’s Silent Revolution 1760 – 1830 (Birlinn 2017).
Combe M Law of Access to Land in Scotland (Scotways 2018)
Devine T The Scottish Clearances A History of the Dispossessed (Allen Lane 2018
Gordon W and Wortley S Scottish Land Law Volume 1 (W Green 2009)
Haldane A Drove Roads of Scotland (Birlinn 2008
Ilganus K This Land is Our Land How we Lost the Right to Roam and How to Take it Back (Plume 2018)
Johnstone T The History of the Working Classes in Scotland (E.P. Publishing 1974)
Kolbert C and MacKay N History of Scots and English Land Law (Geographical Publications 1977)
Morton G Ourselves and Others Scotland 1832 – 1914 (Edinburgh University Press 2012)
Rankine J The Law of Land-Ownership in Scotland (W Green & Sons 1909)
Rowan-Robinson J with Gordon W and Reid C, Public Access to the Countryside A Guide to the Law, Practice and Procedure in Scotland (Scottish Natural
Heritage 1993)
13. Bibliography (3)
Chapters in Books
Cairns J Historic Introduction in Zimmermann R and Reid K A History of Private Law in Scotland (Oxford University Press 2000)
Combe M Exclusion Erosion – Scots Property Law and the Right to Exclude in Bain D, Paisley R, Simpson A and Tait N eds Northern Lights: Essays in Private Law in Memory of Professor David Carey
Miller (Aberdeen University Press 2018)
Menzies G Preface in R.R.M Paisley Access and Rights of Way A Guide to the Law in Scotland (Scotways 2006)
Watkin T Can the Law Ensure Proper Stewardship of Land in Paul Beaumont ed Christian Perspective on the Limits of the Law (Paternoster Press 2002)
Journal Articles
I.H. Adams, ‘The Legal Geography of Scotland’s Common Lands’ 2 Revue de l’institute de Sociologie (1973) 259 – 323
Gregory S. Alexander, ‘The Sporting Life: Democratic Culture and the Historic Origins of the Scottish Right to Roam,’ 2016 University of Illinois Law Review 321 (2016)
John Bryden and Charles Geisler, ‘Community-based land reform: Lessons from Scotland’ Land Use Policy 24 (2007) 24 – 34
John W. Cairns, ‘The Influence of the German Historical School in Early Nineteenth Century Edinburgh, 20 Syracuse J. Int’l L & Com. 191 (1994)
Febrica Furfaro, ‘The Revival of Romanistic Scholarship Between the 19th and 20th Centuries as a ‘Centralizing Force’ in European Legal History’ 19 MJ 2 (2012)
Matthew Hoffmann, ‘Why Community Ownership? Understanding Land Reforms in Scotland’ Land Use Policy 31 (2013) 289 – 297,
Jonathan Klick and Gideon Parchomovsky, ‘The Value of the Right to Exclude: An Empirical Assessment’ University of Pennsylvania Law School Faculty Scholarship (2017) 942
John A Lovett, ‘Progressive Property in Action: The Land Reform (Scotland) Act 2003, 89 Nebraska Law Review 739 (2011)
John W. Mackay, ‘New Legislation for Outdoor Access: A Review of Party 1 of the Land Reform (Scotland) Act 2003’ Scottish Affaris No 59 (2007) 1 – 29
Lord Rodger of Earlsferry, ‘Scottish Advocates in the Nineteenth Century: the German Connection’ (1994) 101 LQR 563
A.J. Van Der Walt, ‘The South African Law of Ownership: A Historical and Philosophical Perspective, 25 De Jure 446 (1992) 454
Reports
Enjoying the Outdoors: A Programme for Action A Scottish Natural Heritage Policy Paper October 1994