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THE EVOLUTION OF
TECHNOLOGY
& ETIQUETTE
Photo,  cc:  Michael  Dornbierer -­‐ https://www.flickr.com/photos/ausnahmezustand/14553265585/ By  Christie  Stelling
2
“Etiquette is  typically  thought  of  as  a  set  of  socially  understood
conventions  that  facilitate smooth  and  effective  interactions  between  
people.”(1)  – Hayes  &  Miller,  Human  – Computer  Etiquette
Photo,  cc:  Michael  Dornbierer -­‐ https://www.flickr.com/photos/ausnahmezustand/21232937819/
3
The Value of Etiquette
Build  Trust  
and  Respect
Graphic  (in  order)  by  Gerald  Wildmoser,  Jelle Akkerman,  &  Luis  Prado  (all)  via  thenounproject.com
Allow  People  to  
Live  &  Work  
Together  (2)
Establish  
Relationships
4
Etiquette  changes over  time.  “What  
used  to  be  considered  the  pinnacle  of  
rudeness,  constantly  occurs  today.”(3)  
– Leah  Eichler,  
The  Globe  and  Mail
Photo,  cc:  Michael  Dornbierer -­‐ https://www.flickr.com/photos/ausnahmezustand/19196075472/
5
There  has  always  been  
tension  between  
instincts and  social  
conventions.  “Today,  
people  rely  more  
heavily  on  their  
instincts  because  
conventions  are  
changing  so  quickly.”(4)  
-­‐ Asghar,  R.,  Forbes  
Magazine
Photo,  cc:  Michael  Dornbierer – https://www.flickr.com/photos/ausnahmezustand/15708270673/
6
Relying  on  instincts can  
get  you  into  trouble  
because  you  never  know  
who  you  are  offending…  
(5)
Photo,  cc:  Daniel  Foster–
https://www.flickr.com/photos/danielfoster/23764835422/
7
“There  needs  to  be  a  common  
language  between  our  schools  
and  homes  that  clearly  outlines  
what  we  expect  of  our  children  
(and  ourselves)  to  know  and  
follow.  Digital  citizenship can  
begin  to  bridge  to  these  groups  
[…].”  (6)  – Mike  Ribble,  Passport  
to  Digital  Citizenship  
Photo,  cc:  Daniel  Foster–
https://www.flickr.com/photos/danielfoster/24668798276/
8
Photo,  cc: Daniel  Foster-­‐ https://www.flickr.com/photos/danielfoster/24068230833/
Digital  citizenship  has  become  a  
priority  in  some  classrooms.  It  is  
believed  that  technological  integration  
is  necessary  to  prepare  students  to  
live  and  work  in  the  21st century. (7)
9
However,  technology  use  should  be  be  
controlled.  To  prevent  inappropriate  
usage  and  behavior,  technological  
advancements need  to  have  associated  
etiquette.  (8)
Phone  image  by  Christie  Stelling
Phone  graphic  by  creativemarket.com
Photo,  cc:  Daniel  Foster–
https://www.flickr.com/photos/danielfoster/23727285436/
10
The  “always-­‐on”  reality  
has  disrupted  long-­‐
standing  social  norms.  
When  is  it  appropriate  to  
shift  attention  from  face-­‐
to-­‐face  conversations to  
digital  interactions? (9)
Tablet  image  by  twitter.com
Tablet  graphic  by  creativemarket.com
11
Teenagers  and  young  adults  
have  more  permissive  attitudes
about  where,  and  when  it  is  
appropriate  to  be  digitally  
engaged.  (10)  
Photo,  cc:  Daniel  Foster  https://www.flickr.com/photos/danielfoster/14836238854/
12
Adult Cell Phone Usage
92%
90%
Today,  92%  of  adults  have  cellphones  and  90%  of  
them  admit  to  using  them  everyday.  (11)
Graphics  by  creativemarket.com
13
Although  adult  cellphone  usage  is  
increasing,  adults  are  more  strict  about  
where  technology  should  and  should  
not  be  used.  (12)
Photo,  cc:  STV  Photo’s  -­‐ https://www.flickr.com/photos/stvphotos/9010698931/
14
of  consumers  are  
expected  to  
purchase  a  
wearable.  (14)
of  Americans  feel  
that  their  privacy  
has  been  
breached.  (13)
of  students  feel  
troubled  without  
their  cellphone  
on  them.  (15)  
of  students  admit  to  
feeling  depressed  if  
they  were  to  lose  
their  cellphone.  (16)
90% 45% 94% 70%
Impacts of Cellphone Usage
Graphic  by  creativemarket.com
15
The  average  
cellphone  user  
checks  their  device  
times  a  
day.  (17)  
Proper  etiquette  is  
necessary  for  all  age  
groups  to  keep  
digital  use  under  
control. (18)
Phone  background  image  by  Christie  Stelling
150
16
Loss  of  
Privacy
Impact  of  
Wearables
Social conventions need to
adapt alongside technology.
Therefore, the following
issues need to be
acknowledged…
Demise  of  
Face-­‐ to-­‐ Face  
Conversations
Dehumanization  
through  
SmartHome
TechnologyGraphics  by  creativemarket.com
17
Cellphones  put  your  personal  privacy  at  risk.  Society  needs  think  of  
their  cellphones  as  outsiders,  not  friends.  (19)  
Graphic  by  creativemarket.com
18
As  technology  becomes  
wearable,  digital  interactions  
may  increase  at  the  expense  
of  human  interactions.  (20)  
Time  graphic  by  Pavel  N.
Watch  graphics  by  creativemarket.com
19
Proper  etiquette  in  face-­‐to-­‐face  communication  may  become  lost  
because  of  technology.  Some  experts  believe  that  the  only  way  to  
preserve  face-­‐to-­‐face  interactions  is  to  look  at  one  another  and  start  
the  conversation.  (21)  
Photo,  cc:  Daniel  Foster– https://www.flickr.com/photos/danielfoster/23569486620/
20
Smarthome technology  
provides  computers  with  
an  opportunity  to  control  
our  lives.  To  ensure  that  it  
is  used  safely  you  must  be  
cautious,  and  critical  of  
their  devices.  (22)
Photo,  cc:  Daniel  Foster– https://www.flickr.com/photos/danielfoster/24069210613/
21Rapidly  evolving  communication  
technology  is  disrupting  
conventional  etiquette.  Society  
must  update  social  conventions  
to  continue  smooth  and  
effective  interactions  between  
people.  (23)
Photo,  cc:  Michael  Dornbierer -­‐ https://www.flickr.com/photos/ausnahmezustand/14340694928/
22Works Cited
(1) Hayes,  C.  &  Miller,  C.  (2011).  Human-­‐computer  etiquette.  Boca  Raton:  CRC  Press.
(2) Hayes,  C.  &  Miller,  C.  (2011).  Human-­‐computer  etiquette.  Boca  Raton:  CRC  Press.
(3) Eichler,  L.  (2016).  Sorry  to  be  rude,  by  my  smartphone  needs  me.  The  Globe  and  Mail.  Retrieved  29  May  2016,  from  
http://www.theglobeandmail.com.proxy.queensu.ca/report-­‐on-­‐business/careers/career-­‐advice/life-­‐at-­‐work/sorry-­‐to-­‐be-­‐rude-­‐
but-­‐my-­‐phone-­‐needs-­‐me/article14706158/
(4) Asghar,  R.  (2016).  27  Etiquette  Rules  For  Our  Times.  Forbes.com.  Retrieved  28  May  2016,  from  
http://www.forbes.com/sites/robasghar/2014/04/22/27-­‐etiquette-­‐rules-­‐for-­‐our-­‐times/#ced25ff61dc2
(5) Asghar,  R.  (2016).  27  Etiquette  Rules  For  Our  Times.  Forbes.com.  Retrieved  28  May  2016,  from  
http://www.forbes.com/sites/robasghar/2014/04/22/27-­‐etiquette-­‐rules-­‐for-­‐our-­‐times/#ced25ff61dc2
(6) Ribble,  M.  (2008).  Passport  to  Digital  Citizenship.  International  Society  For  Technology  In  Education.
(7) Bailey,  G.,  Ribble,  M.,  &  Ross,  T.  (2004).  Digital  Citizenship,  Addressing  Appropriate  Technology  Behavior,  32(1).
(8) Martin,  J.  (1994).  MISS  MANNERS:  The  Evolution  of  Etiquette (p.  52).  The  Washington  Post.
(9) Rainie,  L.  &  Zickuhr,  K.  (2015).  Americans’  Views  on  Mobile  Etiquette.  Pew  Research  Center:  Internet,  Science  &  Tech.  Retrieved  29  
May  2016,  from  http://www.pewinternet.org/2015/08/26/americans-­‐views-­‐on-­‐mobile-­‐etiquette/
(10)Rainie,  L.  &  Zickuhr,  K.  (2015).  Americans’  Views  on  Mobile  Etiquette.  Pew  Research  Center:  Internet,  Science  &  Tech.  Retrieved  29  
May  2016,  from  http://www.pewinternet.org/2015/08/26/americans-­‐views-­‐on-­‐mobile-­‐etiquette/
(11)Rainie,  L.  &  Zickuhr,  K.  (2015).  Americans’  Views  on  Mobile  Etiquette.  Pew  Research  Center:  Internet,  Science  &  Tech.  Retrieved  29  
May  2016,  from  http://www.pewinternet.org/2015/08/26/americans-­‐views-­‐on-­‐mobile-­‐etiquette/
23Works Cited Continued
(1) Rainie,  L.  &  Zickuhr,  K.  (2015).  Americans’  Views  on  Mobile  Etiquette.  Pew  Research  Center:  Internet,  Science  &  Tech.  Retrieved  29  
May  2016,  from  http://www.pewinternet.org/2015/08/26/americans-­‐views-­‐on-­‐mobile-­‐etiquette/
(2) Margalit,  L.  (2015).  Why  We're  Addicted  To  Our  Smartphones,  But  Not  Our  Tablets  – Smashing  Magazine.  Smashing  Magazine.  
Retrieved  29  May  2016,  from  https://www.smashingmagazine.com/2015/11/why-­‐addicted-­‐smartphones-­‐not-­‐tablets/
(3) Cole,  S.  (2015).  How  The  Apple  Watch  Will  Change  Office  Life.  Fast  Company.  Retrieved  29  May  2016,  from  
http://www.fastcompany.com/3043533/the-­‐future-­‐of-­‐work/how-­‐the-­‐apple-­‐watch-­‐will-­‐change-­‐office-­‐life
(4) Margalit,  L.  (2015).  Why  We're  Addicted  To  Our  Smartphones,  But  Not  Our  Tablets  – Smashing  Magazine.  Smashing  Magazine.  
Retrieved  29  May  2016,  from  https://www.smashingmagazine.com/2015/11/why-­‐addicted-­‐smartphones-­‐not-­‐tablets/
(5) Margalit,  L.  (2015).  Why  We're  Addicted  To  Our  Smartphones,  But  Not  Our  Tablets  – Smashing  Magazine.  Smashing  Magazine.  
Retrieved  29  May  2016,  from  https://www.smashingmagazine.com/2015/11/why-­‐addicted-­‐smartphones-­‐not-­‐tablets/
(6) Margalit,  L.  (2015).  Why  We're  Addicted  To  Our  Smartphones,  But  Not  Our  Tablets  – Smashing  Magazine.  Smashing  Magazine.  
Retrieved  29  May  2016,  from  https://www.smashingmagazine.com/2015/11/why-­‐addicted-­‐smartphones-­‐not-­‐tablets/
(7) Rainie,  L.  &  Zickuhr,  K.  (2015).  Americans’  Views  on  Mobile  Etiquette.  Pew  Research  Center:  Internet,  Science  &  Tech.  Retrieved  29  
May  2016,  from  http://www.pewinternet.org/2015/08/26/americans-­‐views-­‐on-­‐mobile-­‐etiquette/
(8) Dwoskin,  E.  (2016).  Where  Were  You  3  Minutes  Ago?  Your  Apps  Know.  WSJ.  Retrieved  29  May  2016,  from  
http://blogs.wsj.com/digits/2015/03/23/where-­‐were-­‐you-­‐3-­‐minutes-­‐ago-­‐your-­‐apps-­‐know/?mod=LS1
(9) Cole,  S.  (2015).  How  The  Apple  Watch  Will  Change  Office  Life.  Fast  Company.  Retrieved  29  May  2016,  from  
http://www.fastcompany.com/3043533/the-­‐future-­‐of-­‐work/how-­‐the-­‐apple-­‐watch-­‐will-­‐change-­‐office-­‐life
(10)Turkle,  S.  (2012,  April  22).  The  flight  from  conversation.  New  York  Times,  p.  1(L).  Retrieved  from  
http://go.galegroup.com.proxy.queensu.ca/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA287213303&v=2.1&u=queensulaw&it=r&p=AONE&sw=w
&asid=9e22389507adacd60cce5aabfd6d7991
(11)Rhew,  D.  (2016).  Welcome  Home:  The  Health  Hub  of  the  Future.  Insights  by  Samsung.  Retrieved  29  May  2016,  from  
https://insights.samsung.com/2016/03/24/welcome-­‐home-­‐the-­‐health-­‐hub-­‐of-­‐the-­‐future/
(12)Martin,  J.  (1994).  MISS  MANNERS:  The  Evolution  of  Etiquette (p.  52).  The  Washington  Post.
(12)
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(14)
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The Evolution of Technology & Etiquette

  • 1. 1 THE EVOLUTION OF TECHNOLOGY & ETIQUETTE Photo,  cc:  Michael  Dornbierer -­‐ https://www.flickr.com/photos/ausnahmezustand/14553265585/ By  Christie  Stelling
  • 2. 2 “Etiquette is  typically  thought  of  as  a  set  of  socially  understood conventions  that  facilitate smooth  and  effective  interactions  between   people.”(1)  – Hayes  &  Miller,  Human  – Computer  Etiquette Photo,  cc:  Michael  Dornbierer -­‐ https://www.flickr.com/photos/ausnahmezustand/21232937819/
  • 3. 3 The Value of Etiquette Build  Trust   and  Respect Graphic  (in  order)  by  Gerald  Wildmoser,  Jelle Akkerman,  &  Luis  Prado  (all)  via  thenounproject.com Allow  People  to   Live  &  Work   Together  (2) Establish   Relationships
  • 4. 4 Etiquette  changes over  time.  “What   used  to  be  considered  the  pinnacle  of   rudeness,  constantly  occurs  today.”(3)   – Leah  Eichler,   The  Globe  and  Mail Photo,  cc:  Michael  Dornbierer -­‐ https://www.flickr.com/photos/ausnahmezustand/19196075472/
  • 5. 5 There  has  always  been   tension  between   instincts and  social   conventions.  “Today,   people  rely  more   heavily  on  their   instincts  because   conventions  are   changing  so  quickly.”(4)   -­‐ Asghar,  R.,  Forbes   Magazine Photo,  cc:  Michael  Dornbierer – https://www.flickr.com/photos/ausnahmezustand/15708270673/
  • 6. 6 Relying  on  instincts can   get  you  into  trouble   because  you  never  know   who  you  are  offending…   (5) Photo,  cc:  Daniel  Foster– https://www.flickr.com/photos/danielfoster/23764835422/
  • 7. 7 “There  needs  to  be  a  common   language  between  our  schools   and  homes  that  clearly  outlines   what  we  expect  of  our  children   (and  ourselves)  to  know  and   follow.  Digital  citizenship can   begin  to  bridge  to  these  groups   […].”  (6)  – Mike  Ribble,  Passport   to  Digital  Citizenship   Photo,  cc:  Daniel  Foster– https://www.flickr.com/photos/danielfoster/24668798276/
  • 8. 8 Photo,  cc: Daniel  Foster-­‐ https://www.flickr.com/photos/danielfoster/24068230833/ Digital  citizenship  has  become  a   priority  in  some  classrooms.  It  is   believed  that  technological  integration   is  necessary  to  prepare  students  to   live  and  work  in  the  21st century. (7)
  • 9. 9 However,  technology  use  should  be  be   controlled.  To  prevent  inappropriate   usage  and  behavior,  technological   advancements need  to  have  associated   etiquette.  (8) Phone  image  by  Christie  Stelling Phone  graphic  by  creativemarket.com Photo,  cc:  Daniel  Foster– https://www.flickr.com/photos/danielfoster/23727285436/
  • 10. 10 The  “always-­‐on”  reality   has  disrupted  long-­‐ standing  social  norms.   When  is  it  appropriate  to   shift  attention  from  face-­‐ to-­‐face  conversations to   digital  interactions? (9) Tablet  image  by  twitter.com Tablet  graphic  by  creativemarket.com
  • 11. 11 Teenagers  and  young  adults   have  more  permissive  attitudes about  where,  and  when  it  is   appropriate  to  be  digitally   engaged.  (10)   Photo,  cc:  Daniel  Foster  https://www.flickr.com/photos/danielfoster/14836238854/
  • 12. 12 Adult Cell Phone Usage 92% 90% Today,  92%  of  adults  have  cellphones  and  90%  of   them  admit  to  using  them  everyday.  (11) Graphics  by  creativemarket.com
  • 13. 13 Although  adult  cellphone  usage  is   increasing,  adults  are  more  strict  about   where  technology  should  and  should   not  be  used.  (12) Photo,  cc:  STV  Photo’s  -­‐ https://www.flickr.com/photos/stvphotos/9010698931/
  • 14. 14 of  consumers  are   expected  to   purchase  a   wearable.  (14) of  Americans  feel   that  their  privacy   has  been   breached.  (13) of  students  feel   troubled  without   their  cellphone   on  them.  (15)   of  students  admit  to   feeling  depressed  if   they  were  to  lose   their  cellphone.  (16) 90% 45% 94% 70% Impacts of Cellphone Usage Graphic  by  creativemarket.com
  • 15. 15 The  average   cellphone  user   checks  their  device   times  a   day.  (17)   Proper  etiquette  is   necessary  for  all  age   groups  to  keep   digital  use  under   control. (18) Phone  background  image  by  Christie  Stelling 150
  • 16. 16 Loss  of   Privacy Impact  of   Wearables Social conventions need to adapt alongside technology. Therefore, the following issues need to be acknowledged… Demise  of   Face-­‐ to-­‐ Face   Conversations Dehumanization   through   SmartHome TechnologyGraphics  by  creativemarket.com
  • 17. 17 Cellphones  put  your  personal  privacy  at  risk.  Society  needs  think  of   their  cellphones  as  outsiders,  not  friends.  (19)   Graphic  by  creativemarket.com
  • 18. 18 As  technology  becomes   wearable,  digital  interactions   may  increase  at  the  expense   of  human  interactions.  (20)   Time  graphic  by  Pavel  N. Watch  graphics  by  creativemarket.com
  • 19. 19 Proper  etiquette  in  face-­‐to-­‐face  communication  may  become  lost   because  of  technology.  Some  experts  believe  that  the  only  way  to   preserve  face-­‐to-­‐face  interactions  is  to  look  at  one  another  and  start   the  conversation.  (21)   Photo,  cc:  Daniel  Foster– https://www.flickr.com/photos/danielfoster/23569486620/
  • 20. 20 Smarthome technology   provides  computers  with   an  opportunity  to  control   our  lives.  To  ensure  that  it   is  used  safely  you  must  be   cautious,  and  critical  of   their  devices.  (22) Photo,  cc:  Daniel  Foster– https://www.flickr.com/photos/danielfoster/24069210613/
  • 21. 21Rapidly  evolving  communication   technology  is  disrupting   conventional  etiquette.  Society   must  update  social  conventions   to  continue  smooth  and   effective  interactions  between   people.  (23) Photo,  cc:  Michael  Dornbierer -­‐ https://www.flickr.com/photos/ausnahmezustand/14340694928/
  • 22. 22Works Cited (1) Hayes,  C.  &  Miller,  C.  (2011).  Human-­‐computer  etiquette.  Boca  Raton:  CRC  Press. (2) Hayes,  C.  &  Miller,  C.  (2011).  Human-­‐computer  etiquette.  Boca  Raton:  CRC  Press. (3) Eichler,  L.  (2016).  Sorry  to  be  rude,  by  my  smartphone  needs  me.  The  Globe  and  Mail.  Retrieved  29  May  2016,  from   http://www.theglobeandmail.com.proxy.queensu.ca/report-­‐on-­‐business/careers/career-­‐advice/life-­‐at-­‐work/sorry-­‐to-­‐be-­‐rude-­‐ but-­‐my-­‐phone-­‐needs-­‐me/article14706158/ (4) Asghar,  R.  (2016).  27  Etiquette  Rules  For  Our  Times.  Forbes.com.  Retrieved  28  May  2016,  from   http://www.forbes.com/sites/robasghar/2014/04/22/27-­‐etiquette-­‐rules-­‐for-­‐our-­‐times/#ced25ff61dc2 (5) Asghar,  R.  (2016).  27  Etiquette  Rules  For  Our  Times.  Forbes.com.  Retrieved  28  May  2016,  from   http://www.forbes.com/sites/robasghar/2014/04/22/27-­‐etiquette-­‐rules-­‐for-­‐our-­‐times/#ced25ff61dc2 (6) Ribble,  M.  (2008).  Passport  to  Digital  Citizenship.  International  Society  For  Technology  In  Education. (7) Bailey,  G.,  Ribble,  M.,  &  Ross,  T.  (2004).  Digital  Citizenship,  Addressing  Appropriate  Technology  Behavior,  32(1). (8) Martin,  J.  (1994).  MISS  MANNERS:  The  Evolution  of  Etiquette (p.  52).  The  Washington  Post. (9) Rainie,  L.  &  Zickuhr,  K.  (2015).  Americans’  Views  on  Mobile  Etiquette.  Pew  Research  Center:  Internet,  Science  &  Tech.  Retrieved  29   May  2016,  from  http://www.pewinternet.org/2015/08/26/americans-­‐views-­‐on-­‐mobile-­‐etiquette/ (10)Rainie,  L.  &  Zickuhr,  K.  (2015).  Americans’  Views  on  Mobile  Etiquette.  Pew  Research  Center:  Internet,  Science  &  Tech.  Retrieved  29   May  2016,  from  http://www.pewinternet.org/2015/08/26/americans-­‐views-­‐on-­‐mobile-­‐etiquette/ (11)Rainie,  L.  &  Zickuhr,  K.  (2015).  Americans’  Views  on  Mobile  Etiquette.  Pew  Research  Center:  Internet,  Science  &  Tech.  Retrieved  29   May  2016,  from  http://www.pewinternet.org/2015/08/26/americans-­‐views-­‐on-­‐mobile-­‐etiquette/
  • 23. 23Works Cited Continued (1) Rainie,  L.  &  Zickuhr,  K.  (2015).  Americans’  Views  on  Mobile  Etiquette.  Pew  Research  Center:  Internet,  Science  &  Tech.  Retrieved  29   May  2016,  from  http://www.pewinternet.org/2015/08/26/americans-­‐views-­‐on-­‐mobile-­‐etiquette/ (2) Margalit,  L.  (2015).  Why  We're  Addicted  To  Our  Smartphones,  But  Not  Our  Tablets  – Smashing  Magazine.  Smashing  Magazine.   Retrieved  29  May  2016,  from  https://www.smashingmagazine.com/2015/11/why-­‐addicted-­‐smartphones-­‐not-­‐tablets/ (3) Cole,  S.  (2015).  How  The  Apple  Watch  Will  Change  Office  Life.  Fast  Company.  Retrieved  29  May  2016,  from   http://www.fastcompany.com/3043533/the-­‐future-­‐of-­‐work/how-­‐the-­‐apple-­‐watch-­‐will-­‐change-­‐office-­‐life (4) Margalit,  L.  (2015).  Why  We're  Addicted  To  Our  Smartphones,  But  Not  Our  Tablets  – Smashing  Magazine.  Smashing  Magazine.   Retrieved  29  May  2016,  from  https://www.smashingmagazine.com/2015/11/why-­‐addicted-­‐smartphones-­‐not-­‐tablets/ (5) Margalit,  L.  (2015).  Why  We're  Addicted  To  Our  Smartphones,  But  Not  Our  Tablets  – Smashing  Magazine.  Smashing  Magazine.   Retrieved  29  May  2016,  from  https://www.smashingmagazine.com/2015/11/why-­‐addicted-­‐smartphones-­‐not-­‐tablets/ (6) Margalit,  L.  (2015).  Why  We're  Addicted  To  Our  Smartphones,  But  Not  Our  Tablets  – Smashing  Magazine.  Smashing  Magazine.   Retrieved  29  May  2016,  from  https://www.smashingmagazine.com/2015/11/why-­‐addicted-­‐smartphones-­‐not-­‐tablets/ (7) Rainie,  L.  &  Zickuhr,  K.  (2015).  Americans’  Views  on  Mobile  Etiquette.  Pew  Research  Center:  Internet,  Science  &  Tech.  Retrieved  29   May  2016,  from  http://www.pewinternet.org/2015/08/26/americans-­‐views-­‐on-­‐mobile-­‐etiquette/ (8) Dwoskin,  E.  (2016).  Where  Were  You  3  Minutes  Ago?  Your  Apps  Know.  WSJ.  Retrieved  29  May  2016,  from   http://blogs.wsj.com/digits/2015/03/23/where-­‐were-­‐you-­‐3-­‐minutes-­‐ago-­‐your-­‐apps-­‐know/?mod=LS1 (9) Cole,  S.  (2015).  How  The  Apple  Watch  Will  Change  Office  Life.  Fast  Company.  Retrieved  29  May  2016,  from   http://www.fastcompany.com/3043533/the-­‐future-­‐of-­‐work/how-­‐the-­‐apple-­‐watch-­‐will-­‐change-­‐office-­‐life (10)Turkle,  S.  (2012,  April  22).  The  flight  from  conversation.  New  York  Times,  p.  1(L).  Retrieved  from   http://go.galegroup.com.proxy.queensu.ca/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA287213303&v=2.1&u=queensulaw&it=r&p=AONE&sw=w &asid=9e22389507adacd60cce5aabfd6d7991 (11)Rhew,  D.  (2016).  Welcome  Home:  The  Health  Hub  of  the  Future.  Insights  by  Samsung.  Retrieved  29  May  2016,  from   https://insights.samsung.com/2016/03/24/welcome-­‐home-­‐the-­‐health-­‐hub-­‐of-­‐the-­‐future/ (12)Martin,  J.  (1994).  MISS  MANNERS:  The  Evolution  of  Etiquette (p.  52).  The  Washington  Post. (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) (22) (23)