The Earth is the third planet from the sun and the sixth largest planet in the solar system. It is not a perfect sphere, with its equator circumference being about 24,901.55 miles. The Earth orbits the sun at a speed of 106,000 kilometers per hour along a circumference of approximately 938,900,000 miles, and it rotates on its axis once every 24 hours. Stratigraphy is the study of layers of rock, particularly their ages, compositions, and relationships, which provides clues about the Earth's past and allows geologists to predict subsurface rock formations.